scholarly journals Performance of Withdrawal Capacity for Mengkulang Glulam Perpendicular to the Glue Line for 14mm and 20mm Bolt Diameter

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2825-2829
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Mechanical Fastener ◽  
Bolt Diameter

Withdrawal capacity is defined as the amount of resistance to withdrawal force in a plane normal to the surface panel. It is caused by density and internal bonding of the panel. Withdrawal capacity is one of the factors that affect the load carrying capacity of the timber connection apart from embedment strength and fastener yield moment. The European Yield Model (EYM) theory is used to predict the load capacity of the timber connection under lateral load. The sample panel is made of Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) using Mengkulang timber species. Although Mengkulang Glulam has a good weight to strength ratio as compared to typical concrete material but it is still not widely used in Malaysia. This is mainly due to a very limited exposure on the Mengkulang Glulam usage. Withdrawal capacity is determined according to the ASTM D1761-12 using one-hole test method. Also, the ASTM D1761-12, EC5:2008 is used to determine the withdrawal capacity output. In this experiment a mechanical fastener, bolt; 14mm and 20mm were used to fix the sample panels onto the test jig. The bolt diameter influenced the withdrawal capacity. It was observed that the withdrawal capacity of 20mm bolt diameter was better than the 14mm diameter with an increment of 48.6%.

scholarly journals Parallel Glueline of Withdrawal Capacity for Mengkulang Glulam

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (SI4) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Rohana Hassan ◽  
Nor Jihan Abd Malek ◽  
Mohd Nizam Shakimon ◽  
Mohd Sapuan Salit
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bolt Diameter

The failure modes and load-carrying capacity of timber connection can be predicted using European Yield Model (EYM). In the load-carrying capacity formula, an unknown parameter for Mengkulang Glulam with the bolt as a fastener, is the withdrawal capacity, Fax,Rk (kN). In this research, the withdrawal capacity tests were conducted with respect to the difference in bolt diameter and glue line existences. The results showed the larger diameter 18 mm parallel with the glue line giving the highest withdrawal capacity and resistance when compared to the same diameter without glue line and 14 mm diameter with and without the glue line. Keywords: Engineered Wood Product (EWP); Structural Material; Withdrawal Capacity; European Yield Model (EYM) eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.3030

DOUBLE SHEAR TEST BEHAVIOUR OF BALAU SPECIES FOR DIFFERENT END DISTANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Jihan Abd Malek ◽  
Rohana Hassan ◽  
Elamin Mohamed Ali ◽  
Mohd Nizam Shakimon
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Timber Joint ◽  
Double Shear ◽  
End Distance ◽  
Double Shear Test ◽  
Bolt Diameter

Timber connection is the most important part in timber structural building. In design, it depends on parameter criteria such as bolt diameter, bolt spacing, edge and end distance. End distance is one of design criteria that will influence mechanical timber joint such in single and double shear. This study focuses for a single fastener joint loaded in double shear with 12mm and 16mm bolt diameters having 30mm and 40mm end distance respectively. Double shear test was conducted on Balau timber species and the finding also focuses on the pattern failure modes with reference to European Yield Model (EYM) theory according to National Design Specification (NDS) 2005. It shows that the joint ability to withstand load decreased when the bolt diameter and end distance smaller and conversely with larger bolt diameter. The failure behavior for 12mm diameter tends to fail into category IIIs which described two plastic hinges formed with crushing of wood fibres in the side members. While, 16mm diameter bolt tends to fail under categories of mode Is which dowel bearing failure or crushing of the side members. Eventually, 12mm bolt diameter produces lower shear strength compared to 16mm bolt diameter. 

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Bolted Bamboo Joints without Void Filled Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Gusti Made Oka ◽  
Andreas Triwiyono ◽  
A. Awaludin ◽  
S. Siswosukarto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Investigation ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Connection Strength ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Connection Type ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Bolt Diameter

An experimental and theoretical are presented to calculate the load capacity of shear single connection (SSC) and shear double connection (SDC) without void filled material. The model presents an extension of the Johansen theory for bamboo connection type, also known as the European Yield Model (EYM). The bamboo of Gigantchloa atroviolacea of the most popular as non-wood has been used as a construction material in some region of Indonesia. The uniqueness bamboo is bamboo non-homogen material, sectional shape non-prismatic, the straighthness stems not same, on the culms guiler node and a cross-section in hollow. The diameter of Gigantochloa atroviolacea bamboo used in this study is ranged from 70 to 90 mm. The diameter of bolt is 12.7 mm. The connection strength can be determined with theoretical and eksperimental. Application theory of the European Yield Model could be developed into theory of connection laterally strength of bamboo without void filler material. Factors that affected of connection laterally strength is bamboo thickness, bolt diameter and spesific gravity. The equation four of connection strength base on European Yield model can calculated of according to yield model of accurred. The connection strength is specified from the value smallest of the equation four of connection yield models.

Dumbbell Test Method for Evaluation of the Early Age Cracking Property of Concrete Material by Stress Risers

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Zhi Gang Luo ◽  
Jie Cao
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Stress Risers ◽  
Test Technology ◽  
Cracking Performance ◽  
Simulated Test ◽  
Job Site

This article develops one new test technology, dumbbell test method, for evaluation of the early age cracking property of Concrete Material under constraint conditions. Its exercise of stress risers could lead concrete to crack quickly, providing a quick method to evaluate the early age crack performance of concrete material and to perform simulated test at job site conveniently. By this method, the anti-cracking performance of different concrete material can be evaluated quickly in the construction site.

scholarly journals Comparison of Accelerated Decay and Graveyard Test on Selected Malaysian Timber Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Noor Azrieda A.R ◽  
Salmiah U ◽  
Rahim S
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Geographical Locations

The natural durability of timber may be defined as ‘inherent resist ance of timber to attackby wood deteriorat ion agents such as wood decay ing fungi and wood destroying insects’. In Malay sia, natural durabilit y of t imber is det ermined using a ‘gravey ard’ test . The average time taken for this test is more than 10 years. The results of this test method donot provide information on longevity (service life) either out of ground contact, or inother geographical locations. Comparison of natural durability requires the use ofstandard test method where for example in Europe, the accepted laboratory method is EN350-1. This paper briefly describes the rating of natural durability based on comparisonresults of the two test methods stated i.e the exterior graveyard test and the interior laboratory test.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Using CFRP to Enhance the Behavior of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Corbels

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Mazin Abdulrahman ◽  
Shakir Salih ◽  
Rusul Abduljabbar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Externally Bonded ◽  
Effective Depth

In this research, an experimental study is conducted to investigate the behavior and strength of high strength reinforced concrete corbels externally bonded with CFRP fabric sheets and Plates with different patterns taking into account the effect of adopted variables in enhancing the ultimate strength; the effect of shear span to effective depth (a/d), configuration, type and amount of bonding. Eleven high strength reinforced corbels were cast and tested under vertical loads. Test results showed there was an improvement in the behavior and load carrying capacity of all strengthened corbels. An increasing in the ultimate strength of strengthened corbel by inclined CFRP strips reached to (92.1%) while the increasing reached to (84.21%) for using one horizontal CFRP Plates compared to un-strengthened reference specimen. Also, it can be conducted that the increase of (a/d) ratio from (0.6 to 0.8) resulted in decreasing by 21.05% in ultimate load capacity of corbels and from (0.4 to 0.6) by 31.25% and 58.69% in cracking and ultimate loads respectively Using CFRP .

Performance of a Short Multi-Grooved Capillary Compensated Hydrostatic Journal Bearing

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (16) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
J. K. Patrick ◽  
N. N. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Capillary Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oil Film Pressure

This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental investigation into the performance of a short multi-grooved bearing subjected to a range of static and alternating loads. Lubricating oil was supplied, at pressures of up to 2000 lb/in2, to capillary type restrictors connected to 10 closed-end axial grooves in the bearing. The bearing had a length/diameter ratio of 1/3 and operated with a journal speed and load frequency of 327 c/min. Measured load capacity, stiffness, and flow characteristics indicate that bearings of this type have a significant load-carrying capacity at zero journal speed and that the load capacity is increased by journal rotation. A feature of the journal behaviour under alternating loads is the movement of the journal centre along a straight line coincident with the load plane. The extensive oil film pressure surveys indicate for the first time the pressure distribution within narrow hydrostatic bearings and provide a basis for a realistic theoretical analysis of this type of bearing.

The Phan-Thien and Tanner Model Applied to Thin Film Spherical Coordinates: Applications for Lubrication of Hip Joint Replacement

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tichy ◽  
Benyebka Bou-Saïd
Keyword(s):  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Squeezing Flow ◽  
Spherical Coordinates ◽  
Hip Joint Replacement ◽  
Ptt Model ◽  
Confined Fluid ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Human Joints ◽  
Viscoelastic Modeling

The Phan-Thien and Tanner (PTT) model is one of the most widely used rheological models. It can properly describe the common characteristics of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids. There is evidence that synovial fluid in human joints, which also lubricates artificial joints, is viscoelastic. Modeling the geometry of the total hip replacement, the PTT model is applied in spherical coordinates for a thin confined fluid film. A modified Reynolds equation is developed for this geometry. Several simplified illustrative problems are solved. The effect of the edge boundary condition on load-carrying normal stress is discussed. Solutions are also obtained for a simple squeezing flow. The effect of both the relaxation time and the PTT shear parameter is to reduce the load relative to a Newtonian fluid with the same viscosity. This implies that the Newtonian model is not conservative and may overpredict the load capacity. The PTT theory is a good candidate model to use for joint replacement lubrication. It is well regarded and derivable from molecular considerations. The most important non-Newtonian characteristics can be described with only three primary material parameters.

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