Array of Mach Zehnder Modulators for Realization of Parity Generator/Checker

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2732-2737
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Switching Device ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Parity Generator

The electro-optic effect is one of the most important techniques for modulation and switching purpose in optical communication. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure functioning on the principle of electro-optic effect behaves as the influential optical switching device. This paper contains discussion of electro-optic effect based MZI structure and its efficient application to construct parity generator and checker. Titanium (Ti) in-diffused lithium niobate profile of MZI through computer simulation has been used for this purpose. Basic 2*2 switch is transformed as MZI for the design of parity device over a functional wavelength range of 1.3 µm to 1.65µm. This simulated design is analyzed with different Ti-LiNbO3 stripe thicknesses, in order to attain the optimum Ti-LiNbO3 stripe thickness and also to improve the performance of the switch on its crosstalk, power imbalance, extinction ratio and transition losses. The simulation model of proposed optical parity device has been implemented using the OptiBPM and OptiSystem softwares have been used for suitable verification of the discussed schemes.

scholarly journals Computer simulation of metal co-doping in lithium niobate

2014 ◽  
Vol 470 (2171) ◽  
pp. 20140406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romel M. Araujo ◽  
Mário E. G. Valerio ◽  
Robert A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Defect Chemistry ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Electro Optic

Lithium niobate, LiNbO 3 , is an important technological material with good electro-optic, acousto-optic, elasto-optic, piezoelectric and nonlinear properties. Computer modelling provides a useful means of determining the properties of the material, including its defect chemistry, and the effect of doping on the structure. In this work, double-doped LiNbO 3 was studied, and the energetics of the solid-state reactions leading to incorporation of the dopants was calculated. The following combinations of dopants were studied: Fe and Cu; Ce and Cu; Ce and Mn; Fe and Rh; and Ru and Fe. For most of these combinations, the co-doping process decreases the energy required for incorporation of the dopants, and the final defect configurations are consistent with experimental results, where available.

scholarly journals An Integrated Photonic Electric-Field Sensor Utilizing a 1 × 2 YBB Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Modulator with a Titanium-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide and a Dipole Patch Antenna

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Applied Electric Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Electric Field Sensor ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Field Sensor

We studied photonic electric-field sensors using a 1 × 2 YBB-MZI modulator composed of two complementary outputs and a 3 dB directional coupler based on the electro-optic effect and titanium diffused lithium–niobate optical waveguides. The measured DC switching voltage and extinction ratio at the wavelength 1.3 μm were ~16.6 V and ~14.7 dB, respectively. The minimum detectable fields were ~1.12 V/m and ~3.3 V/m, corresponding to the ~22 dB and ~18 dB dynamic ranges of ~10 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, for an rf power of 20 dBm. The sensor shows an almost linear response to the applied electric-field strength within the range of 0.29 V/m to 29.8 V/m.

Design of multiplexing circuit using electro-optic effect based optical waveguides

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawna Sharma ◽  
Vivek Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Aditya Pratap ◽  
Amrindra Pal ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Output Line ◽  
Combinational Circuit ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Electro Optic

AbstractThe multiplexer is a combinational circuit that transfers multiple data inputs over a single output line. The input data are selected and transferred to the output line based on the selection line. In this work, 2 × 1 and 4 × 1 multiplexer is proposed. The proposed multiplexer has been worked out using the electro-optic principle. It is implemented using lithium niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (LN-MZI). LN-MZI is used as an optical switching device. The performance parameters extinction ratio, contrast ratio and insertion loss have been computed and found 31.31, 28.02 and 0.043 dB respectively.

Slow Light Investigation on Power Consumption of Lithium Niobate Phc Switch Based on Linear Electro-Optic Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaineb Gharsallah ◽  
Monia Najjar ◽  
Vijay Janyani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Slow Light ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Defect Mode ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Electro Optic

AbstractIn this work, an optical switch based on electro-optic effect is reported. We used defect mode in two-dimensional photonic crystal made of Lithium Niobate. Under an applied voltage of 3 V, a refractive index change of −0.0702 is obtained which has led to a transmittance contrast about 60% for the ON state and a high extinction ratio of about 20 dB. Moreover, Slow light structure performance is investigated to optimize proposed optic switch. Due to elliptic shape of holes, the applied voltage is decreased to 0.5 V. Also, a refractive index change decrease around −0.0481, a transmittance contrast increase 65 %, and an extinction ratio increase by 5 dB have been observed. We used plan wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods to analyze the structures performances. It is seen that a defect mode shift about 40 nm and a switching length of 6.48 μm are obtained with drive voltage of 3 V for simple structure and only 0.5 V for slow light structure.

Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based Optical Digital Magnitude Comparator and 1’s Complement Calculator

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Switching Activity ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Sequential Logic ◽  
Optical Domain ◽  
Electro Magnetic

AbstractThe optical switching activity is one of the most essential phenomena in the optical domain. The electro-optic effect-based switching phenomena are applicable to generate some effective combinational and sequential logic circuits. The processing of digital computational technique in the optical domain includes some considerable advantages of optical communication technology, e.g. immunity to electro-magnetic interferences, compact size, signal security, parallel computing and larger bandwidth. The paper describes some efficient technique to implement single bit magnitude comparator and 1’s complement calculator using the concepts of electro-optic effect. The proposed techniques are simulated on the MATLAB software. However, the suitability of the techniques is verified using the highly reliable Opti-BPM software. It is interesting to analyze the circuits in order to specify some optimized device parameter in order to optimize some performance affecting parameters, e.g. crosstalk, extinction ratio, signal losses through the curved and straight waveguide sections.

Design and modeling of multi-operation bit-manipulator logic circuit using lithium niobate waveguides

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kumari ◽  
Vivek Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Amrindra Pal ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Logic Circuit ◽  
Switching Element ◽  
Niobate Lithium

Abstract In this work, a high-performance multioperation bit-manipulator is presented. The presented electro-optical design can perform several bit-manipulations such as bidirectional bit-shifting, bit-rotation, multiply-by-2 and divide-by-2, and sequence designing operation. The technique relies on the electrooptic principle in lithium niobate. Lithium niobate-based waveguides have been used to design Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which is the fundamental optical switching element of the whole model. Extinction ratio, contrast ratio, and insertion loss values computed for the simulated results are 29.16 dB, 29.48 dB, and 0.77 dB, respectively.

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