scholarly journals An Enhanced OLSR Protocol to Improve Performance of UAV in Wireless Mesh Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3562-3569
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Link State ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Over the past few decades, wireless mesh network is the main area of research in small and large sized network structure. Wireless mesh network is a radio based network scheme that needs minimal structure and organisation. It has the capability to integrate the wired system and can be prolonged at minimum cost without losing the mobile nature. Routing protocols mainly affects the performance of the WMN. Some of the advantages of the WMN are cost effective, easy management, robust and reliable service. It is utilised in numerous application areas such as hospitality and healthcare applications, rescue actions and disaster controlling, broadband connection services at home and institutions. In WMN , some challenges faced are, unsuitable number of alternate routes among the pair of the hops, entire capacity decreased due to interference among the multiple connections, effect on security due to complex networks. In a wireless mesh network, described about the optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) and works on network parameters. In routing protocol, an immediate routing is required so that the change in topology may lead to flooding of data to desirable hosts in the system. After that, routing, performance is evaluated with encryption method using DES. Data encryption standard (DES) is cryptographic method that is applied to block of information. In this research proposed work, developed a novel improved, optimised link state routing method to enhance the network performance end to delay, delivery rate and recover the loss of data from sender to receiver hop. Experimental analysis is done using various parameters metrices as end delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput. In this research, an improvement in discovery delay of PASER and FER is also increased. The frame error rate computed is based on the level ranges range from 0%, 10% and 20%. Moreover, packet delivery ratio is 70% and throughput is 81%.

scholarly journals Selfish Node Detection and Prevention Based on SDSR in Infrastructure-Less Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Chintam ◽  
A. Sra ◽  
T.V. Madhusudhan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Hosts ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Source

Abstract Wireless mesh network formed temporarily by using mobile hosts (nodes) without the help of any centralized and cooperate to dispatch the data packets through wireless links over the network. Due to this decentralization, each node act as both router as well as host for dispatching packets in the network. Because of a dynamic nature that is the mobility nature of the node in a network is vulnerable to various types of attacks. Some of the attacks are gray and black hole attacks. These attacks are advertised incorrect information regarding the shortest path to the sink node. This paper proposes a secure Dynamic Source Routing (SDSR) for providing a secure and safe route between the origin and sink nodes which identify and remove the gray and black hole nodes in the network. The proposed work is simulated by using the NS2 simulator tool and got the better performance for considered performance variables such as packet delivery ratio, throughput and node overhead. The simulation results give better performance compared to normal DSR and selfish DSR with increased packet delivery ratio and throughput and with decreased overhead of the network.

scholarly journals Analisis Routing Protokol Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Pada Raspberry Pi

AITI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Ulfa Septilia Permatasari ◽  
Indrastanti Ratna Widiasari
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Link State ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)is one of the two standard for mesh networks. OLSR is a link state routing protocol, which use hallo message and topology control (TC) to determine the link state information across the mobile ad-hoc network. OLSR is widely used in the wireless mesh network. Raspberry Pi is a mini computer which can be used as a node router to replace the function of a router in a wireless mesh network. In this research, Raspberry Pi is used as a router nodes to determine the performance of routing protocol OLSR. The parameters used to measure its performance is self-configure time, self-healing and bandwidth usage. The test results showed that the use of routing protocols OLSR on the Raspberry Pi in a wireless mesh network proved able to repair itself if there is a problem on the network since it has ability to self-configure and self-healing.

scholarly journals Model Optimasi Routing Protocol OSPF Pada Jaringan Wireless Mesh Dengan MPLS Traffic Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Medi Taruk ◽  
Masna Wati ◽  
Eny Maria
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Label Switching ◽  
Link State ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Proses pertukaran informasi dan komunikasi data antar pengguna internet yang dilakukan di lokasi berbeda dan dalam waktu yang bersamaan dapat mengakibatkan semakin tinggi lalu lintas pertukaran informasi dalam suatu jaringan internet. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya suatu mekanisme untuk menentukan dan pemilihan jalur lalu lintas data terbaik untuk dilalui paket data ketika proses pertukaran informasi dan komunikasi data berlangsung. Salah satu mekanisme untuk menentukan dan pemilihan jalur lalu lintas data tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan aturan pada perangkat router. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) merupakan salah satu routing protocol yang memiliki lisensi kode terbuka (open source), OSPF menggunakan mekanisme routing link-state, kinerja OSPF ditentukan pada kebutuhan dan konsumsi bandwidth. Model optimasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran awal bagaimana suatu routing protocol OSPF bekerja dengan menerapkan teknologi traffic engineering pada wireless mesh network (WMN) menggunakan model multi protokol label switching (MPLS). Kemudian dilakukan analisis dan penilaian terhadap faktor-faktor terkait optimasi routing protocol OSPF dengan membuat rancangan topologi routing protokol OSPF pada jaringan wireless mesh dengan model jaringan MPLS menggunakan tools simulator jaringan.

Catechize Global Optimization through Leading Edge Firefly Based Zone Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Sherin Zafar ◽  
Usha Batra
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Background: Zone Routing Protocol is evolving as an efficient hybrid routing protocol with an extremely high potentiality owing to the integration of two radically different schemes, proactive and reactive in such a way that a balance between control overhead and latency is achieved. Its performance is impacted by various network conditions such as zone radius, network size, mobility, etc. Objective: The research work described in this paper focuses on improving the performance of zone routing protocol by reducing the amount of reactive traffic which is primarily responsible for degraded network performance in case of large networks. The usage of route aggregation approach helps in reducing the routing overhead and also help achieve performance optimization. Methods: The performance of proposed protocol is assessed under varying node size and mobility. Further applied is the firefly algorithm which aims to achieve global optimization that is quite difficult to achieve due to non-linearity of functions and multimodality of algorithms. For performance evaluation a set of benchmark functions are being adopted like, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay to validate the proposed approach. Results: Simulation results depict better performance of leading edge firefly algorithm when compared to zone routing protocol and route aggregation based zone routing protocol. The proposed leading edge FRA-ZRP approach shows major improvement between ZRP and FRA-ZRP in Packet Delivery Ratio. FRA-ZRP outperforms traditional ZRP and RA-ZRP even in terms of End to End Delay by reducing the delay and gaining a substantial QOS improvement. Conclusion: The achievement of proposed approach can be credited to the formation on zone head and attainment of route from the head hence reduced queuing of data packets due to control packets, by adopting FRA-ZRP approach. The routing optimized zone routing protocol using Route aggregation approach and FRA augments the QoS, which is the most crucial parameter for routing performance enhancement of MANET.

scholarly journals Void Avoidance Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Rogaia Mhemed ◽  
Frank Comeau ◽  
William Phillips ◽  
Nauman Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Packet Delivery

Much attention has been focused lately on the Opportunistic Routing technique (OR) that can overcome the restrictions of the harsh underwater environment and the unique structures of the Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). OR enhances the performance of the UWSNs in both packet delivery ratio and energy saving. In our work; we propose a new routing protocol; called Energy Efficient Depth-based Opportunistic Routing with Void Avoidance for UWSNs (EEDOR-VA), to address the void area problem. EEDOR-VA is a reactive OR protocol that uses a hop count discovery procedure to update the hop count of the intermediate nodes between the source and the destination to form forwarding sets. EEDOR-VA forwarding sets can be selected with less or greater depth than the packet holder (i.e., source or intermediate node). It efficiently prevents all void/trapped nodes from being part of the forwarding sets and data transmission procedure; thereby saving network resources and delivering data packets at the lowest possible cost. The results of our extensive simulation study indicate that the EEDOR-VA protocol outperforms other protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy consumption

Analysis of Wireless Mesh Network Routing

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 4629-4632
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Tan ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wen Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
Communication Links

Since the wireless mesh network topology dynamics and the radio channels instable, the design of wireless mesh network routing protocol become one of the key factors to determine the performance. This paper mainly studied the existing several kinds of typical three-layer mesh network routing protocol (DSDV and AODV), aimed at the defects of three-layer routing limited to the network topology changes, the paper proposed a network model based on two-layer routing. Forwarding the packet, establishing and maintaining the communication links are accomplished on the Mac layer. Simulation tests showed that two-layer routing has a big improvement on the efficiency of packet forwarding, and it effectively reduced the routing overhead and end-to-end delay simultaneously.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja GPSR dan AODV pada VANET dengan Skema Pengimbangan Beban Trafik

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
RENDI DIAN PRASETIA ◽  
DOAN PERDANA ◽  
RIDHA MULDINA NEGARA
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

ABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan di kota-kota besar adalah kemacetan lalu lintas yang disebabkan karena tidak mencukupinya ruas jalan, volume kendaraan yang begitu besar, persebaran kendaraan yang tidak merata dan lain-lain. Salah satu solusinya adalah para pengendara dapat menggunakan aplikasi peta digital pada smartphone-nya. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai kinerja VANET yang menggunakan protokol routing GPSR dan AODV dengan skema pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan dengan pengaruh kepadatan node. Perancangan sistem simulasi terbagi menjadi dua subsistem yaitu subsistem mobilitas dan jaringan. Kemudian dilakukan pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan, dan kinerja VANET akan diamati. Performansi dievaluasi dengan average end to end delay, throughput, dan packet delivery ratio. Nilai rata-rata throughput, PDR, delay untuk GPSR adalah 142.21 Kbps, 87.47 %, dan 82.83 ms. Sedangkan AODV adalah 119.81 Kbps, 86.67 %, dan 103.21 ms. Dari hasil penelitian nilai QoS performansi dari routing protocol GPSR lebih baik dari pada AODV pada VANET.Kata kunci: Vanet, Pengimbangan Beban, GPSR, AODV.ABSTRACTOne of the problems in big cities is congestion. The congestion is caused byinsufficient road segment, large volume of vehicles, unbalanced spread ofvehicles and others. One solution is that riders can use digital map applications on their smartphones. Therefore it is necessary to balancing the traffic load of vehicles. In this research will be discussed about VANET performance using GPSR and AODV routing protocol with vehicle traffic load balancing scheme with node density influence. The design of the simulation system is divided into two subsystems namely mobility and network subsystem. Then balancing the vehicle traffic load, and VANET performance will be observed. Performance is evaluated with the average end to end delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. The mean value of throughput, PDR, delay for GPSR respectively 142.21 Kbps, 87.47%, and 82.83 ms. While AODV is 119.81 Kbps, 86.67%, and 103.21 ms. From the simulation results can be concluded that the performance of GPSR is better than AODV on VANET. Keywords: Vanet, Load Balancing, GPSR, AODV.

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