scholarly journals Needs of Effective Water Conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6643-6647
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture Modernization ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The One

The earth’s supply of fresh water is fixed. Its distribution is skewed spatially and temporarily. The maximum usage of water withdrawals is by agricultural sector for irrigation. It is socially, economically and culturally entwined with the lives of people. In the course of irrigation development many irrigation projects have been evolved across India. There are various irrigation techniques followed in different parts of India. The continued growth of population, industrialization, urbanization, climate change, emission of greenhouse gases and deforestation build up pressure on available water resources and arable land for food production. It is further worsened with crop production loss, deterioration of water sheds, disappearance of wetlands and reoccurrence of erratic monsoon. The fall of ground water table, deterioration of quality water, salinization, soil degradation, water logging and irrational use of water emphasized the need for conservation of irrigation water sources. While we have adopted many conservation measures like artificial recharge scheme, percolation ponds, check dams, irrigated agriculture modernization and rehabilitation works on the one side, the problem of irrigation water scarcity and shortage in the availability of quality water still persists. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the need s and effective management on conservation of irrigation water resources.

scholarly journals Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Shafi Uddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

scholarly journals Surface water resources of small agricultural watershed in the Kujawy region, central Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Miatkowski ◽  
Karolina Smarzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
The Mean ◽  
River Cross Section

AbstractThe goal of the paper was to determine surface water resources of an agricultural watershed representative for the areas of intensive crop production in the Kujawy region. This area is characterised by the lowest average annual precipitation in Poland and high water demands related to the intensive crop production.Hydrological studies were carried out in 2007–2011 in the upper Zgłowiączka River watershed located in the eastern part of the analysed region. Over 90% of the study area is used as an arable land.Water velocity in the river bed and water level were measured at the outlet of the watershed in the river cross-section Samszyce.The upper Zgłowiączka River has a snow-rainfall hydrological regime, strongly modified by anthropogenic activities related to the intensive crop production and installation of subsurface drainage system. The study period was characterised by very large temporal variability of hydrological conditions. The mean annual outflow coefficient amounted to 18% and varied highly in time: from 3% in the average years to 62% in the abnormally wet 2011. Average discharge (SSQ) in the Samszyce river cross-section was equal to 0.25 m3·s−1, and the mean unit outflow – to 3.2 dm3·s−1·km−2. The results of the study show that disposable surface water resources of the Kujawy region are very small, especially in the summer half-year. Thus, their utilization as a potential source of water for crop irrigation can be taken into account only, if water excesses will be retained within the watershed and used in conjunction with groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Integrated application of drones for soil management and precision agriculture in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Agbakoba Augustine Azubuike ◽  
Ema Idongesit Asuquo ◽  
Agbakoba Victor Chike
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Information And Communication

The recent push for precision agriculture has resulted in the deployment of highly sophisticated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) gadgets in various agricultural practices and methods. The introduction of ICT devices has been linked to significant improvements in agricultural activities. These devices have been shown to enhance the optimal management of critical resources such as water, soil, crop and arable land. Again, ICT devices are increasingly attractive due to their flexibility, ease of operation, compactness and superior computational capabilities. Especially when in comparison to the mundane methods previously used by most small- and large-scale farmers. For instance, ICT devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) also referred to as drones, are increasingly being deployed for remote sensing missions where they capture high quality spatial resolution images. The data generated by these UAVs provide much needed information that aids in early spotting of soil degradation, crop conditions, severity of weed infestation and overall monitoring of crop yield variability. This enables farmers to acquire on-the-spot information that will enhance decision making within a short period of time, which will in turn contribute to reduction in running cost and potentially increase yield. It is safe to say that full potentials of drones are yet to be fully utilized in the Nigerian agricultural sector. This is due to several factors; most notably are the numerous challenges that accompany the introduction and adoption of much new technologies. Other factors; include high cost of technology, inadequate or total lack of skilled labour, poor awareness and low-farmer literacy. Therefore, this review work highlights the global progress recorded as a result of the recent application of drones for soil management and efficient crop production. Furthermore, key discussions surrounding the application of drones for precision agriculture and the possible drawbacks facing the deployment of such technology in Nigeria has been covered in this work.

Soil, Water, and Agricultural Adaptations

2017 ◽  
pp. 739-757
Author(s):  
Gaius D. Eudoxie ◽  
Mark Wuddivira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Soil And Water

Threats to the Caribbean's diminishing soil and water resources will be heightened under predicted climate change scenarios for the Caribbean. Changes in climate change drivers, temperature, and precipitation present the greatest impact on soil and water resources. Predicted increases in air surface temperature would affect sea-level rise. Low total precipitation across both wet and dry seasons with increased incidence of drought and extreme storm events will pose challenges to agriculture. Erosion and land degradation are expected to increase, thereby reducing arable land acreage, and elevated temperatures will further reduce soil organic carbon contents. In this chapter, strategies to sustainably manage soil resources in the Caribbean are discussed and focus on (1) reducing the incidence of erosion and degradation and (2) increasing Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) contents. The authors also present some appropriate water conservation techniques including micro-irrigation and water harvesting, which are necessary to maintain consistency of food supply.

scholarly journals Managing water resources for crop production

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1356) ◽  
pp. 937-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Wallace ◽  
C. H. Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increasing crop production to meet the food requirements of the world's growing population will put great pressure on global water resources. Given that the vast freshwater resources that are available in the world are far from fully exploited, globally there should be sufficient water for future agricultural requirements. However, there are large areas where low water supply and high human demand may lead to regional shortages of water for future food production. In these arid and semi–arid areas, where water is a major constraint on production, improving water resource management is crucial if Malthusian disasters are to be avoided. There is considerable scope for improvement, since in both dryland and irrigated agriculture only about one–third of the available water (as rainfall, surface, or groundwater) is used to grow useful plants. This paper illustrates a range of techniques that could lead to increased crop production by improving agricultural water use efficiency. This may be achieved by increasing the total amount of water available to plants or by increasing the efficiency with which that water is used to produce biomass. Although the crash from the Malthusian precipice may ultimately be inevitable if population growth is not addressed, the time taken to reach the edge of the precipice could be lengthened by more efficient use of existing water resources.

scholarly journals Impact on Knowledge of Blackgram Growers in Periyar Vaigai Command Area of Madurai District

2021 ◽  
pp. 616-620
Author(s):  
K. Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Agriculture Modernization ◽  
Management Project

The World Bank Supported TN IAM (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization) Project is a follow up of IAMWARM presently it was called as (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies Restoration and Management) Project which has made significant development and impacts in the Tamil Nadu state by modernizing irrigation infrastructure, improving water use efficiency, enhancing yield and productivity of agriculture in a climate resilient production systems, diversification towards high-value crops, strengthening the institutional reforms through Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) and Water Users Association (WUA). Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.  The foremost objective of the study is to assess the knowledge level of respondents in the study area. According to crop production technology aspects revealed that (79.00%) of the beneficiaries possessed knowledge in using VBN 6 variety for cultivation. The study concluded that majority (80.00%) of the beneficiaries were possessed knowledge on (cultural control) fixation of light traps, crop rotation (77.50%) and sowing carry out in proper season.

scholarly journals Water Storage for Food Security in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
River Types ◽  
Development Paradigm

Increasing trend of water scarcity for drinking, irrigation, hydropower generation and other purposes has been a serious challenge for Nepal. As food need rises, the country's reliance on irrigated agriculture increases. The existing run-of-river types of irrigation systems provide little leverage in providing adequate, timely and equitable water supply to the farmers' fields. With the approval of the 2002 Water Resources Strategy, the country is in the process of changing its water development paradigm from sect oral to integrated water resource management. In this context, intensification of agriculture is the most viable option of achieving food security and this requires assured supply of irrigation water which is possible mainly through water storage systems.Key words: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM); Irrigation; Water storage; Agriculture intensification; NepalDOI: 10.3126/hn.v7i0.4234Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol 7, July, 2010Page: 35-37Uploaded date: 31 January, 2011

scholarly journals Agricultural irrigation in Hungary, with special regards to the water resources levy and agricultural water supply fee

Pro Futuro ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Bujdos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Supply ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One ◽  
Water Uses

The price of the agricultural irrigation is determined by the water resources levy and agricultural water supply fee, which are regulated under Article 15/A. (1) and Article 15/F. (1) of the Act LVII of 1995 on Water Management. A kind of dualism concerning the price of the irrigation can be observed in Hungary. On the one hand, the necessity to irrigate has to be reflected in the price due to the negative impacts of drought on crop production, although irrigation scores low on the hierarchy of water uses. On the other hand, the price must also express the value of water as an irreplaceable natural resource with limited renewable capacity. Based on the analysis of the said provisions, it can be concluded that though allowing derogations from paying for the agricultural irrigation can be justified in many cases,  concerns can be raised regarding their uniform application without involving discretion regardless, among others factors, of the differences in the economic situation of the farmers.

scholarly journals Water resource development and management for agricultural sustainability

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaman ◽  
Parveen Zaman ◽  
Sagar Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Rainfed Farming

Agricultural production can only be sustained on a long term basis if the land, water and forests on which it is based are not degraded further. Improvements in water resources management are essential to raise agricultural productivity and reduce land degradation and water pollution.  Salinization, alkalization and water logging should be addressed by a more careful approach to drainage and the regulation of water quantities through efficient use of irrigation water, which require that water be applied to growing crops at appropriate times and in adequate. The integrated management of water resources could only be possible through adoption of efficient and optimum use of irrigation water, which could only be ensured by judicious and economic use of irrigation potential whatsoever created to increase crop production. The integrated water resources management also includes the concept of rainwater management that has got an immense important on the way to develop the rainfed farming system. It has got relevancy particularly in installing small-scale irrigation system based on farmers’ participatory approach for sustainable crop production for maintaining sustainable growth and development of agriculture. Modern irrigation techniques like sprinkler and drip should be promoted when water is scarce and the topographic and soil conditions do not permit efficient irrigation by conventional methods.  Promotions of such water saving devices should be an objective of the national water policy.  Water resource management is a integrated and multidisciplinary activity, managing irrigation water that needs agronomy and crop husbandry, efficient methods and system of irrigation needs soils scientists and engineers. More than 98% of the irrigated lands are under the coverage of surface irrigation where more than 50% of water as considered as wastages wherein effective minimization of wastage of water used for irrigation and application of right quantity of water at right time will be the key to successful management of this crucial resource. So question of judicious management of water is pertinent while prioritizing researchable issues became of national importance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of crop water demand for sustainable crop production using geospatial tools in a canal command of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Laishram Kanta Singh ◽  
Madan K. Jha ◽  
V.M. Chowdary ◽  
Srikanta Sannigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Canal Command

The agricultural sector is the primary consumer of water resources around the world, and the need for additional food production for growing population further exerts more pressure on water resources. In this study, crop water demand was assessed spatially and temporally for a case study area, Damodar Canal Command (DCC) using geospatial techniques. Crop evapotranspiration was estimated for all the crop seasons using reference evapotranspiration and Fraction of Vegetation cover (FV) that was used as a surrogate for crop coefficient. The reference evapotranspiration (ET ) was calculated using the FAO o Penman-Monteith method. FV was computed based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from MODIS satellite imagery and its value ranges from 0 to 1. The maximum and minimum reference evapotranspiration values were estimated as 8.44 and 1.88 mmday-1 in May and September, respectively during the normal year 2004. The average monthly crop water demand was maximum in May i.e. 8.08 mmday-1. Among all crop seasons, Boro season has the maximum crop water demand followed by Aus and Aman seasons with maximum ET as 496, 438 and 328 mm, respectively. Total annual crop c water demand for normal year, 2004 was estimated at 1237 mmyr-1 in the study area. Spatially and temporally distributed crop water demand estimates help the irrigation planners to devise the strategies for effective irrigation management.

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