scholarly journals Shear Strength Parameters of Cement Stabilized Amorphous Peat of Various Water Additive Ratios at Different Natural Moisture Contents under Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Shear Characteristic ◽  
Ductile Behavior ◽  
Problematic Soil

Peat is a problematic soil which has a low shear strength characteristic. Addition of cement can improve the properties and strength of peat soil. This paper presents the findings of the shear characteristic of cement stabilized amorphous peat under consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial test. Three different natural moisture contents of peat which are 1210%, 803% and 380%, were stabilized using cement with water to additive (W/A) ratio of 2.0 and 3.0. CU triaxial test was conducted to the specimens after cured for 90 days. The shear parameters and characteristics were investigated towards the change of W/A ratio of the samples with different moisture contents. The result shows that the stabilized peat specimens exhibited ductile behavior and were sensitive to the over consolidation. The total and effective cohesion (ccu, c′) of the stabilized peat were found to be greater at W/A ratio of 2.0 compared to W/A ratio of 3.0, and greater at lower initial moisture content specimens. The total and effective friction angles (φcu, φ′) are ranged from 14o to 27o and 36o to 47o consecutively and found to be increased upon the increase of W/A ratio except for the specimens with moisture content 1210% and 803% in term of total friction angle.

Characterization of Shear Strength and Interface Friction of Organic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Majid Hamed ◽  
Waleed S. Sidik ◽  
Hanifi Canakci ◽  
Fatih Celik ◽  
Romel N. Georgees
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Interface Friction

This study was undertaken to investigate some specific problems that limit a safe design and construction of structures on problematic soils. An experimental study was carried out to examine the influence of loading rate and moisture content on shear strength of organic soil. Influece of moisture content on interface friction between organic soil and structural materials was also attempted. A commonly used soil in Iraq was prepared at varying moisture contents of 39%, 57% and 75%. The experimental results showed that the increase in water content will decrease the shear stress and the internal friction angle. An increase of the shearing rate was found to decrease the shear stress and internal friction angle for all percetanges of water contents. Further, direct shear tests were carried out to detect the interface shear stress behavior between organic soil and structural materials. The results revealed that the increase in water content was shown to have significant negetavie effects on the interface internal friction and angle shear strength.

Stability of Thiamine and Riboflavin During Extrusion Processing of Triticale

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BEETNER ◽  
T. TSAO ◽  
A. FREY ◽  
K. LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
The Relationship

Triticale kernels were extruded using a Brabender Plasticorder extruder with ¾-inch rifled barrel and 1:1 flight depth ratio screw. Whole grain samples were extruded at initial moisture contents of 15, 20, and 25%. Debranned samples were extruded at an initial moisture content of 22%. Barrel temperatures of 350, 400, and 450 F and nozzle openings of 1/8 inch and 1/16 inch were used. The products were analyzed for thiamine and riboflavin content. Results were corrected for final moisture content and expressed as fraction retained. A multiple regression was done to determine the relationship between independent and derived variables, and the retention. Riboflavin retention was correlated simply as a function of barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the debranned material was correlated as a function of nozzle size and barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the whole grain samples was correlated for nozzle size, first and second order temperature effects, and confounding between nozzle size and temperature.

scholarly journals Shear Strength Characterization of Bauxite Deposits in Kuantan, East Coast Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Index Tests ◽  
Strength Characterization ◽  
The Relationship

Engineering characterization which are useful for "temperate" zone soils usually fail to predict the field performance of bauxitic soils, because the index tests upon which the characterization are based are not always reproducible for bauxitic soils. Fifteen (15) bauxitic soil of undisturbed and disturbed samples from 3 distinct sites in Kuantan, all derived from basalt parent rock but representing various stages of weathering were subjected to engineering and mineralogic tests. Values for cohesion and friction angles are evaluated. Soils from Semambu has the highest moisture content of 33.27%, the cohesion value is however lower compared to Bukit Goh which has moisture content of 21.74%. Study are further done to discover the relationship with cohesion and friction angles. Thus, by measuring the cohesion and friction angle can evaluate the performance of bauxite shear strength.

scholarly journals Effect of Stored Humidity and Initial Moisture Content on the Qualities and Mycotoxin Levels of Maize Germ and Its Processing Products

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Yun-qi Wen ◽  
Li-li Xu ◽  
Chang-hu Xue ◽  
Xiao-ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Maize Germ

With high fat and protein content, maize germ is easily infected with fungus and mycotoxins during its storage. The qualities and safety of germ and its processing products may be affected by the storage. However, studies on the effect of storage on quality and polluted mycotoxin level of maize germ are limited. In this study, maize germ was stored with different initial moisture contents (5.03, 9.07, 11.82 and 17.97%) or at different relative humidity (75, 85 and 95%) for 30 days. The quality indices of germ (moisture content and crude fat content) and their produced germ oils (color, acid value and peroxide value) as well as the zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of germ, oils and meals were analyzed. Results showed that maize germ with high initial moisture contents (11.82, 17.97%) or kept at high humidity (95%) became badly moldy at the end of storage. Meanwhile, the qualities of these germ and oils showed great changes. However, the ZEN and DON contents of this maize germ, oils and meals stayed at similar levels (p < 0.05). Therefore, the storage could produce influence on the qualities of germ and oils, but showed limited effect on the DON and ZEN levels of germ and their processing products. According to this study, the storage condition of germ with no more than 9% moisture content and no higher than 75% humidity was recommended. This study would be benefit for the control of germ qualities and safety during its storage.

scholarly journals VOLUME CHANGE BEHAVIOUR OF BANTING CLAY BY THE CONCEPT OF EFFECTIVE STRESS AND SHEAR STRENGTH INTERACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahmizzi Ifwat Bin Azharnim ◽  
Mohd Jamaludin Md. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Effective Stress ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Actual Volume ◽  
Unique Relationship

Effective stress and shear strength interaction which the stress – strain curves and mobilised shear strength envelope explained the actual volume change behaviour of the soils. The interaction that useful in prediction of stress – strain curves and unique relationship between Effective Mobilised Minimum Friction Angle and Axial Strain is important to predict the settlement at any effective stresses include the effective stress that not conducted in laboratory test. Consolidated drained triaxial test is conducted for saturated Banting CLAY and the volume change behaviour of Banting CLAY is presented from the concept of effective stress and shear strength interaction with the establishment of unique relationship between effective mobilised minimum friction angle with respect to axial strain and prediction of stress – strain curves for the saturated Banting CLAY.

scholarly journals Forma e tamanho de grãos de soja para diversos teores de água

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Wilker Alves Morais ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽  
Vitor Marques Vidal ◽  
Nelmício Furtado da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Grain Moisture

Physical properties of soybean grains present differences as a function of cultivars and moisture content, with the correlation between physical properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics related to the physical properties of grains with different moisture contents of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications, consisting of three soybean cultivars (6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001) and six grain moisture contents (11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21% wb). Soybean grains presented an initial moisture content of 11.0, 11.0, and 10.8% wb, respectively for 6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001. The other moisture contents were obtained by soaking in a BOD chamber maintained at 25 °C and 93% of relative humidity. We assessed volume, roundness, sphericity, surface area, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric shrinkage rate. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F-test (p < 0.05) and when significant, regression analysis was performed for grain moisture contents and the means of cultivars were compared by the Tukey’s test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also carried out to represent the linearity between grain physical properties. The cultivar BMX Potência RR obtained the highest results for volume, roundness, sphericity, and surface area. Volume and surface area increased as the moisture content of soybean grains increased; the opposite was observed for roundness and sphericity. A linear increase in volumetric shrinkage was observed as moisture content increased. The values of the correlation coefficients of the linear regression models can be used to describe the relationships between physical properties.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Freezing and Thawing on the Shear Strength of the Frozen Soil in Qinghai-Tibet Railway Embankment

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
B. Wang ◽  
J. H. Gao ◽  
Y. Q. Wang ◽  
X. J. Quan ◽  
Y. W. Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

The direct shear tests of different dry density and moisture content samples at different temperatures of the frozen soil in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankment between Tanggula South and Anduo section were carried out to analyze the influence rules of each experimental factor on the mechanical properties of frozen soil during the freeze-thaw process. The results show the following. (1) When the frozen soil temperature is below 0°C and continues to drop during the freezing and thawing process, each sample shows the law of a significant increase in cohesion and a slight decrease in the internal friction angle. In the meantime, the cohesion obtained during the thawing process of the sample at the same temperature point is higher than that obtained during the freezing process. In contrast, the internal friction angles exhibit an opposite law, where the internal friction angle during the melting process is lower than the internal friction angle during the freezing process. After freezing-thawing action, it deserves to be mentioned that the cohesion increases slightly while the internal friction angles present a slight decrease trend compared to the initial state. (2) With the decrease in temperature and the gradual increase in cohesion, the temperature curve can be divided into a fast-growing section from 0 to −2°C, a slow-growing section from −2 to −8°C, and a second fast-growing section from −8 to −10°C owing to the combined effect of the pressure-thawing action and ice-water phase change. In addition, the rate of decrease in the internal friction angle also shows a similar pattern. (3) The cohesion and the internal friction angle of samples both tend to increase first and then decrease with the rise of the initial moisture content, and the critical initial moisture content is near the optimal moisture content of 15%. (4) Both the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the samples increase with dry density growth. The growth rate of cohesion will gradually increase as the temperature decreases. Moreover, the growth rate of cohesion of low dry density samples is more susceptible to temperature, while the internal friction angle growth rate is not affected by temperature.

scholarly journals Measurement of Peat Soil Shear Strength Using Wenner Four-Point Probes and Vane Shear Strength Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmad Afip ◽  
Siti Noor Linda Taib ◽  
Kamaruzaman Jusoff ◽  
Liyana Ahmad Afip
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Soil Shear Strength ◽  
The Relationship

The general objective of this research was to measure the peat soil shear strength using Wenner four-point probes and vane shear strength methods. Specifically, the objective of this study was two-fold, namely, (a) investigating the relationship between laboratory soil resistivity and undrained shear strength and (b) determineing the relationship between in-situ soil resistivity and undrained shear strength. Data were randomly collected over six locations in Meranek, Sarawak, for in-situ test and three repetitions for each data were set based on three parameters. The selected parameters were soil density, moisture content, and salinity for both laboratory and in-situ test using Wenner four-point probes and vane shear method. The soil resistivity and vane shear strength readings for laboratory test were correlated with soil salinity, moisture content, and density. The R2 values showed a good correlation for soil salinity (R2 =0.8468) and density (R2 =0.9475), respectively. However, a weak correlation of R2 =0.1205 was observed for soil moisture. The R2 value for in-situ correlation between soil resistivity and three parameters (soil salinity, moisture content, and density) was R2 =0.8916. It can be concluded that the peat soil shear strengths of the study area using Wenner four-point probes from in-situ were (4.38 ohm.m) and laboratory was (2.47 ohm.m) and when using the vane shear strength method, in-situ was (23 kPA) and laboratory was (5 kPA). This study implies that the peat soil of the study area can be categorized as texture (soft loamy soil) and it is suitable for agriculture instead of construction. The relationship established between Wenner four-point probes and vane shear method can be beneficial for ground engineering design to enhance investigation on site suitability. Future work on DUALEM-421 technique should be emphasised for better subsurface exploration accuracy and resolve peat depth for an in-situ test.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Moisture Content Effect on Geotechnical Properties of Solidified Municipal Sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Xingxing He ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
Xun Tan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Mercury Intrusion

Moisture content is an important factor affecting the geotechnical properties of solidified municipal sludge (MMS). Typical municipal sludge in China was chosen to investigate the effects of initial moisture content (defined as w0) on geotechnical properties of MMS solidified by self-developed CERSM solidifying agent. In addition, the microstructure changes of solidified sludge samples in this study were explored with scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Mechanical experiment results showed that the unconfined compressive strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the MMS increased with the decrease in initial moisture content, but the permeability coefficient changed oppositely. The permeability coefficient of solidified sludge samples was between 10−8 and 10−10 cm/s. But after the drying-saturated process, the permeability coefficient of MMS can be increased up to 4 times, mainly due to the formation of a considerable number of microconnected pores and microcracks in the process of drying. The research results are of great significance to the safe disposal and utilization of municipal sewage sludge in China.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Properties of Baled Switchgrass and Miscanthus

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145-1155
Author(s):  
Drew F. Schiavone ◽  
Michael D. Montross
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Infiltration Tests

Abstract. This study characterized the hydraulic properties within baled switchgrass ( L., variety Alamo) and miscanthus (×), thereby enabling a better understanding of moisture changes in baled biomass during on-farm storage and/or high-solids bioconversion. Fully saturated bales were drained by gravity, and the moisture content was determined over 60 h. The average initial moisture content ranged between 55.9% and 71.9% (w.b.) for switchgrass and between 60.5% and 73.9% (w.b.) for miscanthus bales depending on the dry bale density. As the bale drained by gravity, rapid leaching of water was observed within the first 0.1 h, with a reduction in moisture content of 7.3 and 7.0 percentage points (w.b.) for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Leaching then continued at a steady rate until termination of the experiment, with further reductions of 4.3 and 4.4 percentage points (w.b.) for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Final moisture contents after 60 h ranged from 45.8% to 58.3% for switchgrass and from 48.7% to 60% for miscanthus, with the higher moisture contents observed in the lowest density bales. Hydraulic conductivity tests were carried out with bales of switchgrass and miscanthus with a constant head system. The average saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.103 and 0.616 cm s-1 for baled switchgrass and between 0.219 and 0.658 cm s-1 for baled miscanthus depending on the bale density. The matric suction of baled switchgrass was also assessed at variable densities and moisture contents using the contact filter paper method. The van Genuchten parameters were found to range between 0.235 and 0.270 m-1 for a and between 5.415 and 10.345 for n, depending on the density. Infiltration tests were also carried out on baled switchgrass at variable densities and moisture contents using a minidisk infiltrometer. The curve-fitting parameters of Philip’s two-term equation ranged between 0.086 × 10-6 and 0.779 × 10-6 cm s-1 for C1 and between 0.200 and 5.805 × 10-6 cm s-1/2 for C2, depending on the density and moisture content. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.019 and 0.272 cm s-1, while sorptivity ranged between 0.048 and 2.103 cm s-1/2, depending on the density and moisture content. These results provide data required to evaluate water flow through variable-density rectangular bales and indicate a potential to remove end-products of biomass conversion from baled biomass. Keywords: Biomass, Bioprocessing, Flushing, High solids.

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