scholarly journals Survey of Flight Anomaly Detection Methods: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Rowoli Igenewari ◽  
Zakwan Skaf ◽  
Ian K. Jennions
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Component Faults ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Safety enhancement is a major goal of the aviation industry owing to the predicted increase in air travel. There is also the need to prevent fatalities, increase reliability and reduce monetary costs suffered as a result of delays and accidents that still occur. Accidents today are complex as a result of many causal factors acting alone but more often as a combination with other contributing factors. In tackling this trend, proactive measures have been put in place to find hazardous combinations that occur during flights in order to mitigate them before accidents occur. Flight Anomaly Detection (AD) methods are aimed at highlighting abnormal occurrences of a flight, that are different from the norm. As an improvement on the current state-of-the-art method, previous works have proposed different AD techniques for detection of previously unknown flight risks such as component faults, aircraft operational inefficiencies and some abnormal crew behaviour. However, current AD methods individually have limitations that prevent them from detecting certain significant anomalies in flight data. This paper surveys current flight AD approaches, their strengths and limitations as well as brings to light the benefits of a hybrid AD method to extend previous work and find safety-critical events, particularly those related to abnormal crew activity: a class of events known to amount for a substantial number of accidents/incidents today. It also highlights another emerging AD application opportunity, its challenges and how AD is beneficial in addressing them.

SAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1717-1729
Author(s):  
Paul Boniol ◽  
John Paparrizos ◽  
Themis Palpanas ◽  
Michael J. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Entire Dataset

With the increasing demand for real-time analytics and decision making, anomaly detection methods need to operate over streams of values and handle drifts in data distribution. Unfortunately, existing approaches have severe limitations: they either require prior domain knowledge or become cumbersome and expensive to use in situations with recurrent anomalies of the same type. In addition, subsequence anomaly detection methods usually require access to the entire dataset and are not able to learn and detect anomalies in streaming settings. To address these problems, we propose SAND, a novel online method suitable for domain-agnostic anomaly detection. SAND aims to detect anomalies based on their distance to a model that represents normal behavior. SAND relies on a novel steaming methodology to incrementally update such model, which adapts to distribution drifts and omits obsolete data. The experimental results on several real-world datasets demonstrate that SAND correctly identifies single and recurrent anomalies without prior knowledge of the characteristics of these anomalies. SAND outperforms by a large margin the current state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy while achieving orders of magnitude speedups.

scholarly journals DNA Methods: Critical Review of Innovative Approaches

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-800
Author(s):  
Esther J Kok ◽  
Henk J M Aarts ◽  
A M Angeline van Hoef ◽  
Harry A Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Gmo Detection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Labeling Requirements

Abstract The presence of ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products in the market place is subject to a number of European regulations that stipulate which product consisting of or containing GMO-derived ingredients should be labeled as such. In order to maintain these labeling requirements, a variety of different GMO detection methods have been developed to screen for either the presence of DNA or protein derived from (approved) GM varieties. Recent incidents where unapproved GM varieties entered the European market show that more powerful GMO detection and identification methods will be needed to maintain European labeling requirements in an adequate, efficient, and cost-effective way. This report discusses the current state-of-the-art as well as future developments in GMO detection.

scholarly journals Biohorology and biomarkers of aging: Current state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 101050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Galkin ◽  
Polina Mamoshina ◽  
Alex Aliper ◽  
João Pedro de Magalhães ◽  
Vadim N. Gladyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

A Perspective on Incentive Design: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-338
Author(s):  
Lillian J. Ratliff ◽  
Roy Dong ◽  
Shreyas Sekar ◽  
Tanner Fiez
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Incentive Design ◽  
New Class ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

The increasingly tight coupling between humans and system operations in domains ranging from intelligent infrastructure to e-commerce has led to a challenging new class of problems founded on a well-established area of research: incentive design. There is a clear need for a new tool kit for designing mechanisms that help coordinate self-interested parties while avoiding unexpected outcomes in the face of information asymmetries, exogenous uncertainties from dynamic environments, and resource constraints. This article provides a perspective on the current state of the art in incentive design from three core communities—economics, control theory, and machine learning—and highlights interesting avenues for future research at the interface of these domains.

scholarly journals Highlights from Faraday Discussion on Designing Nanoparticle Systems for Catalysis, London, UK, May 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (68) ◽  
pp. 9385-9393
Author(s):  
Rosa Arrigo ◽  
Andrew J. Logsdail ◽  
Laura Torrente-Murciano
Keyword(s):  
Computational Chemistry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Nanomaterial Synthesis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rational Catalyst Design

The 2018 Faraday Discussion on “Designing Nanoparticle Systems for Catalysis” brought together leading scientists to discuss the current state-of-the-art in the fields of computational chemistry, characterization techniques, and nanomaterial synthesis, and to debate the challenges and opportunities going forward for rational catalyst design.

scholarly journals Therapy of Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Margoni ◽  
Francesca Rinaldi ◽  
Paola Perini ◽  
Paolo Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Treatment of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) has been tailored after observational studies and data obtained from clinical trials in adult-onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS) patients. There are an increasing number of new therapeutic agents for AOMS, and many will be formally studied for use also in POMS. However, there are important efficacy and safety concerns regarding the use of these therapies in children and young adults. This review will discuss the current state of the art of POMS therapy and will focus on the newer therapies (oral and infusion disease-modifying drugs) and on those still currently under investigation.

scholarly journals Challenges in Application of Petri Nets in Manufacturing Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Iwona Grobelna ◽  
Andrei Karatkevich
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Deadlock Prevention ◽  
Current State ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
University Level ◽  
Made In

Petri nets are a useful mathematical formalism for specification of manufacturing systems, supported by various analysis and verification methods. The progress made in automating control systems and the widespread use of Industry 4.0 pose a number of challenges to their application, starting from the education at university level and ending with modelling of real case studies. The paper aims to present and analyse the most relevant challenges and opportunities related to the use of Petri nets as a modelling technique of manufacturing systems. The review of the literature is primarily based on the years 2019–2020 to reflect the current state of the art. The newest approaches to deadlock prevention and recovering, but also other important analysis problems and difficulties in modelling real industrial processes are discussed. Trends for the future are also identified.

Electrochemical immunosensors, genosensors and phagosensors for Salmonella detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 8858-8873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Liébana ◽  
Delfina Brandão ◽  
Salvador Alegret ◽  
María Isabel Pividori
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Recent Developments

This review discusses the current state of the artSalmonelladetection methods. In this perspective, emphasis is given to the recent developments in biosensors, in particular electrochemical immunosensors, genosensors and phagosensors.

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