PROFICIENT STRIDES AND INHERENT LIMITATIONS IN CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY OF BREAST MASS

Breast masses might be a mass discovered by patients incidentally during breast self-examination or else by the physician during routine physical examination. These masses have a variable etiology and nature. while, Fibroadenoma considered the most common benign breast mass, contrary, invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignancy [1]. Although, the vast majority of these masses are benign, still breast cancer is the furthermost frequently resulting malignancy in females worldwide having an age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 39.0 per 100,000 females, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women [2-4]. In spite of most breast cancers occur in women older than 50 years, one third of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1996 and 2000 were younger than 50 years [5,6]. Contempt of medical advances and assuring treatment regime, morbidity and mortality due to breast cancer has seen no signicant changes in developing countries. In the US in 2020, estimations reach 276,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer in women ,and an additional 48,530 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed in women [7]. Also, an estimated mortality of 42,170 female patients with breast cancer will occur in 2020. Invasive female breast cancer incidence rates trends increased slightly, by 0.3% per year [2,6,8]. This might probably be due to lack of systematic screening and early detection

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Global Burden of Female Breast Cancer: Age-period-cohort Analysis of Incidence Trends from 1990 to 2019 and Forecasts for 2035

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1020184/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yizhen Li ◽

Jinxin Zheng ◽

Yujiao Deng ◽

Xinyue Deng ◽

Weiyang Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Global Burden ◽

World Population ◽

Uncertainty Interval ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Female Breast

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer globally, analyze the change pattern of the incidence rates and the disease’s association with age, period, and birth cohort, and subsequently present a forecast of breast cancer incidence.Methods Data for analysis were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 and World Population Prospects 2019 revision by the United Nations (UN). We described the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1990 to 2019 and then calculated the relative risks of period and cohort using an age-period-cohort model, and predicted the trends of ASIRs to 2035.Results In 2019, the global incidence of breast cancer in women increased to 1,977,212 (95% uncertainty interval = 1 807 615 to 2 145 215), with an ASIR of 45.86 (41.91 to 49.76) per 100 000 persons. Among the six selected countries facing burdensome ASIRs, only the USA showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, whereas the others showed an increasing or stable trend. The overall net drift was similar in Japan (1.78%), India (1.66%), and Russia (1.27%), reflecting increasing morbidity from 1990 to 2019. The increase in morbidity was particularly striking in China (2.60%) and not significant in Germany (0.42%). The ASIRs were predicted to continue to increase globally, from 45.26 in 2010 to 47.36 in 2035. In most countries and regions, the age specific incidence rate is the highest in those aged over 70 years and will increase in all age groups until 2035. In high-income regions, the age specific incidence rates are expected to decline in women aged over 50 years. Conclusions The global burden of female breast cancer is becoming more serious, especially in developing countries. Raising awareness of the risk factors and prevention strategies for female breast cancer is necessary to reduce future burden.

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Abstract A60: Second primary breast cancer incidence rates among black and white female breast cancer survivors

10.1158/1055-9965.disp-11-a60 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Hala Nsouli-Maktabi ◽

Donald E. Henson ◽

Naji Younes ◽

Heather A. Young ◽

Sean D. Cleary

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

White Female ◽

Second Primary ◽

Black And White ◽

Female Breast ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

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Bilateral breast cancer: a case study

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396919000761 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 305-308

Author(s):

Rajanigandha Tudu ◽

Anup Kumar ◽

Rashmi Singh ◽

Payal Raina

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Primary Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Bilateral Breast Cancer ◽

Late Presentation ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

Cancer Management

AbstractBackground:Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide. Increasing breast cancer incidence rates, improved diagnosis and management modalities and growing life expectancy have resulted in increasing numbers of women at risk of developing contralateral primary breast cancer. Bilateral breast cancer can occur synchronously or metachronously.Material and methods:This study reports three cases of bilateral breast cancer patients treated at our oncology department between March 2018 and March 2019. The features of presentation, investigation, diagnosis and follow-up care are the highlights of this study.Results:Bilateral breast cancer was noted in three patients among the study population in the age group of 35 –55 years. Two of these patients had metachronous bilateral breast cancer, and one patient developed cancer in the second breast during the course of management. The second breast cancers differed histologically from primary breast cancer.Conclusion:Poor awareness on breast cancer care and the lack of national screening guidelines and programmes, and poor infrastructure, all contribute to late presentation and difficult breast cancer management. Proper history, clinical examination and imaging of opposite breast should be done to ensure adequate and timely management of bilateral breast cancer.

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A comparative analysis of angiogenesis between male and female breast cancers

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21101 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 21101-21101

Author(s):

R. Bakkar ◽

Z. Nahleh ◽

H. Bui ◽

S. Samaan ◽

J. Sanders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Median Survival ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Male Breast ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Therapeutic Modalities ◽

Female Breast ◽

Male Patients

21101 Background: Tumor angiogenesis and vascularization are essential for the growth and metastasis of tumors. VEGF-C expression and peritumoral lymphocyte density (PLD) are markers of angiogenesis. They have been correlated with poor prognosis in female breast cancer (FBC). The purpose of this study is to characterize VEGF-C expression and PLD in MBC and correlate with FBC specimens. Method: We reviewed records of patients diagnosed with MBC and FBC at the Cincinnati VAMC, from 1989 to 2006. Pathology slides were retrieved. We used VEGF-C (Host Rabbit, PAD: Z-CVC7) . Imunohistochemical stains of VEGF-C were given scores of 0 to 3+ based on nuclear stains. PLD was analyzed based on the number of lymphocyte cells surrounding the tumor; score of 0 to 3+. Slides were reviewed independently by two pathologists. Results: We found nine MBC cases and selected 9 FBC cases. Mean age was 72 in the male patients and 62 in the females. Stages of disease were distributed as follows in MBC versus FBC, 11% versus 22% stage 0, 23% versus 23% stage I, 44% versus 44% stage II, and 22% versus 11% stage IV. Ductal carcinoma was the predominant histology in 88% of FBC and 88% MBC. Other histological types included papillary (1 MBC) and lobular (1 FBC). Among the invasive MBC tumors , 75 % were ER+/PR +, 13% ER+/PR-, and 12% ER -/PR- , compared to 72 % ER+/PR+, 14% ER+/PR-, and 14% ER-/PR- in FBC. Eight out of the 9 MBC cases (89%) stained positive for VEGF-C expression, compared to one FBC case (11%). The 1 male breast intraductal carcinoma was positive for VEGF-C expression, compared to none of the two intraductal FBC. PLD was more intense in male than female tumors : score 0 or 1+: 44% in MBC versus 67% in FBC , score 2+: 22% in MBC Versus 22% in FBC, and score 3+: 22% in MBC versus 11% in FBC. VEGF-C expression did not seem to correlate with ER/PR status. The median survival for patients with MBC was 4.5 years and for patients with FBC 6.9 years. Conclusion: VEGF-C expression and PLD were more pronounced in MBC versus FBC. This finding may correlate with more aggressive behavior of breast tumor cells in male patients, more intense angiogenic reaction and lower median survival. Further studies are warranted to further elucidate the role of angiogenesis in male breast cancer and explore potential antiangiogenic therapeutic modalities. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Qatar experience of standard risk breast cancer screening program (BCSP).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2014.32.26_suppl.18 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (26_suppl) ◽

pp. 18-18

Author(s):

Salha M. Bujassoum ◽

Reena Alassam ◽

Hekmat Bugrein

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Screening Program ◽

Arab World ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Distributed Model ◽

Age Group ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Triple Assessment

18 Background: Qatar has one of the highest age-adjusted breast cancer incidences in the Arab world. Although this is much lower than the incidence in the West. Breast-cancer incidence in Qatar was 45 per 100,000 in 2003 to 2007.These higher incidence rates in Qatar are mainly due to the growing population. The prevalent age group, for Qatari and non-Qatari patients, was age 40 to 50. This suggests that the age-specific incidence of breast cancer in Qatari women is unlike the pattern usually seen in Western nations where median age at diagnosis is 61 years, moreover the diagnosis is often at advanced stages of breast cancer. These factors led to establishment the first hospital based (BCSP) in Qatar. It uses a distributed model of mammography service. The program launched 2008, accepts eligible asymptomatic women at ages 40 to 69. Methods: Retrospective study was done during the period from April 2008 to December 2013. Our aim is to describe our experience of (BCSP) in Qatar and to monitor performance indicators. Our (BCSP) includes an office call and recall as well as triple assessment. We also discuss positive cases in multidisciplinary meeting. Results: Total number of screened women was 4,264 with an increasing participation, year by year. Out of these, Qatari patient’s accounts for 1,145, and non Qatari for 3,119. The age group of cases was (43 to 51). Total breast biopsies were 82, of which 45 were positive of breast carcinomas, (37) invasive ductal carcinoma, (8) noninvasive ductal carcinoma. The invasive cancer detection rate was 8.2 %. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 46%. Sensitivity value has improved from 51% in 2008 to 70% in 2012 as well as specificity value that has increased from 77% in 2008 to 83% in 2012. Conclusions: Public acceptance of (BCSP) in Qatar gradually increased and detection rates are higher than western countries. We’re detecting biologically aggressive tumors at younger age groups. We’ve a unique population and we need to utilize our data and evidence based medicine to guide policy makers and women to make the correct decision towards (BCSP).

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Effect of Changing Breast Cancer Incidence Rates on the Calibration of the Gail Model

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.25.2767 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (14) ◽

pp. 2411-2417 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sara J. Schonfeld ◽

David Pee ◽

Robert T. Greenlee ◽

Patricia Hartge ◽

James V. Lacey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Invasive Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Gail Model ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Purpose The Gail model combines relative risks (RRs) for five breast cancer risk factors with age-specific breast cancer incidence rates and competing mortality rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 1983 to 1987 to predict risk of invasive breast cancer over a given time period. Motivated by changes in breast cancer incidence during the 1990s, we evaluated the model's calibration in two recent cohorts. Methods We included white, postmenopausal women from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) –AARP Diet and Health Study (NIH-AARP, 1995 to 2003), and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO, 1993 to 2006). Calibration was assessed by comparing the number of breast cancers expected from the Gail model with that observed. We then evaluated calibration by using an updated model that combined Gail model RRs with 1995 to 2003 SEER invasive breast cancer incidence rates. Results Overall, the Gail model significantly underpredicted the number of invasive breast cancers in NIH-AARP, with an expected-to-observed ratio of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.89), and in PLCO, with an expected-to-observed ratio of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.90). The updated model was well-calibrated overall, with an expected-to-observed ratio of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.05) in NIH-AARP and an expected-to-observed ratio of 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.06) in PLCO. Of women age 50 to 55 years at baseline, 13% to 14% had a projected Gail model 5-year risk lower than the recommended threshold of 1.66% for use of tamoxifen or raloxifene but ≥ 1.66% when using the updated model. The Gail model was well calibrated in PLCO when the prediction period was restricted to 2003 to 2006. Conclusion This study highlights that model calibration is important to ensure the usefulness of risk prediction models for clinical decision making.

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Breast cancer incidence among women of Branicevo region in the period 1991 - 2000

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0410467s ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 57 (9-10) ◽

pp. 467-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandra Sipetic ◽

Vesna Petrovic ◽

Zorica Milic ◽

Hristina Vlajinac

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Incidence Rate ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence Rate ◽

Female Breast ◽

The World

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, the second leading cause of cancer death, and the third most common cancer overall, throughout the world. In 1996, 910.000 new cases were diagnosed worldwide (about 9% of all new cases). Over 50% of breast cancer incidence occurred in the developed world. The aims of this study were to study breast cancer incidence during 1991-2000 in the region of Branicevo and to analyze differences in incidence rate for breast cancer in two periods of time 1991-1991 and 1996-2000. Material and methods This was a descriptive study. Routine national incidence data were used from the Republic Statistical Office. The analysis was restricted to the region of Branicevo. Age adjustment of annual incidence rates was carried out using five-year intervals and the distribution of the World population by Sega as the standard. Results A total of 542 women affected with breast cancer were evidenced in the Region of Branicevo during the period 1991- 2000, accounting for 25.3% of all malignant cases. Over the studied ten-year period the average standardized incidence rate (1:100,000) for breast cancer was 27.4. Based on the average age-specific incidence rates (1:100,000) female breast cancer was least frequently evidenced in women up to 34 years of age, while it was most frequent in groups aged 45 - 49 and 70 - 74 years. Over the period 1991-1995, female breast cancer accounted for 32.0% and in the period 1996-2000 for 22.2% of all mlignancies, with the average standardized incidence rates (1:100,000) being 22.5% and 32.4%, respectively. Discussion The average standardized incidence rate (1:100,000) for breast cancer was 27.4, which is similar to the rates evidenced in Eastern European countries, such as Poland (38.7), Slovakia (34.5), Hungary (29.6), Romania (31.1), Belarus (24.7) and Russia (40.6). Increase of breast cancer incidence rate, evidenced in the Region of Branicevo, is also evidenced in most countries with previously low incidence rates. Increase of breast cancer incidence rate is also detected in our neighboring countries, Bulgaria and Slovenia. Conclusions An increasing trend of breast cancer incidence rate was evidenced in the Region of Branicevo over the period 1991 - 2000, partially due to well kept registries and partially due to actual increase in the number of patients affected with malignant diseases.

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Male Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Comparison With Female Breast Cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.23.8162 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 232-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 213

Author(s):

William F. Anderson ◽

Ismail Jatoi ◽

Julia Tse ◽

Philip S. Rosenberg

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Male Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Male Breast ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Men And Women ◽

Female Breast ◽

Estrogen Receptor Positive ◽

Over Time

Purpose Because of its rarity, male breast cancer is often compared with female breast cancer. Patients and Methods To compare and contrast male and female breast cancers, we obtained case and population data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for breast cancers diagnosed from 1973 through 2005. Standard descriptive epidemiology was supplemented with age-period-cohort models and breast cancer survival analyses. Results Of all breast cancers, men with breast cancer make up less than 1%. Male compared with female breast cancers occurred later in life with higher stage, lower grade, and more estrogen receptor–positive tumors. Recent breast cancer incidence and mortality rates declined over time for men and women, but these trends were greater for women than for men. Comparing patients diagnosed from 1996 through 2005 versus 1976 through 1985, and adjusting for age, stage, and grade, cause-specific hazard rates for breast cancer death declined by 28% among men (P = .03) and by 42% among women (P ≈ 0). Conclusion There were three intriguing results. Age-specific incidence patterns showed that the biology of male breast cancer resembled that of late-onset female breast cancer. Similar breast cancer incidence trends among men and women suggested that there are common breast cancer risk factors that affect both sexes, especially estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Finally, breast cancer mortality and survival rates have improved significantly over time for both male and female breast cancer, but progress for men has lagged behind that for women.

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Synchronous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Breast Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report

Case Reports in Clinical Practice ◽

10.18502/crcp.v6i1.5950 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hedieh Moradi Tabriz ◽

Arezoo Eftekhar Javadi ◽

Atieh Zandnejadi ◽

Adel Yazdankhah ◽

Reza Hajebi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Primary Tumors

Breast cancer was the most frequent cause of cancer-induced death among middle-aged (20- 59) women in the last decade. In contrast, the incidence rates of thyroid cancer have begun to stabilize in recent years. The synchronous neoplasms of thyroid and breast cancers are very rare in clinical settings. The current study presented a case of synchronous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) and breast ductal carcinoma in a 37-year-old woman. It is proposed that the mechanism of these synchronous primary tumors is associated with an interaction between the breast and thyroid hormonal responses. It is essential to examine breast tissue in patients with thyroid carcinoma or vice versa. In our case, although axillary sentinel lymph node was free from the tumor, cervical lymph nodes were involved by breast carcinoma; suggesting the importance of cervical examination in breast cancer patients.

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