Gestational diabetes and its implication for the future development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a very common complication of pregnancy. Although glucose tolerance returns to normal levels after delivery in the majority of women with GDM, this condition represents an early stage in the natural history of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Moreover, women with previous GDM exhibit an increased cardiovascular risk profile and a raised incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions might be able to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women with previous Gestational Diabetes, results are still not conclusive although encouraging. Pharmacological interventions are not yet recommended for prevention. Long term continuous program specifically addressed to women with previous GDM should be implemented, especially addressed to encourage them to regularly check glucose tolerance, lipid profile and other parameters related to cardiovascular diseases, aimed at improving women’s health. In this paper, we will review the relationship between type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and a history of GDM. KEY WORDS gestational diabetes; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular disease.