Current recommended immunizations for patients with diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Tassone, F.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Key Words Vaccination ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased susceptibility towards infectious diseases, with a more severe course of these diseases and with an increased risk of hospitalization and death. For these reasons all vaccinations are strongly recommended in diabetic people. In this paper, after a quick review of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the increased risk of infectious pathology in the diabetic patient, the main recommendations of the current guidelines on vaccination in diabetic patients will be reviewed. KEY WORDS vaccination; guidelines; influenza virus; Herpes Zoster.

scholarly journals Application of artificial intelligence in prediction of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A protocol of systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengameh Ferdosian ◽  
◽  
Hadi Zamanian ◽  
Sayed Ali Emami ◽  
Elahe Sedighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Review Question

Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate AI-based models in identifying predictors of cardiovascular events and risk predtion in patients with diabetes mellitus type2. Condition being studied: T2DM patients have an increased risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, lead to decreased quality of life and mortality. Considering the significance of cardiovascular complications in these patients, prediction of such events would be important. Different traditional statistical methods(such as regression) and new AI-besed algorithms are used to predict these complications in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Wearable Sensor for Assessing Gait and Postural Alterations in Patients with Diabetes: A Scoping Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Brognara ◽  
Antonio Mazzotti ◽  
Alberto Di Martino ◽  
Cesare Faldini ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Posture Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is considered a serious public health problem due to its high prevalence and related complications, including gait and posture impairments due to neuropathy and vascular alterations and the subsequent increased risk of falls. The gait of patients with diabetes is characterized by alterations of the main spatiotemporal gait parameters such as gait velocity, cadence, stride time and length, which are also known to worsen with disease course. Wearable sensor systems can be used for gait analysis by providing spatiotemporal parameters and postural control (evaluated from the perspective of body sway), useful for investigating the disease progression. Thanks to their small size and low cost of their components, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are easy to wear and are cheap tools for movement analysis. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to review articles published in the last 21 years (from 2000 to 2021) concerning the application of wearable sensors to assess spatiotemporal parameters of gait and body postural alterations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed, Ovid and Cochrane libraries. Results: One hundred and four articles were initially identified while searching the scientific literature on this topic. Thirteen were selected and analysed in this review. Wearable motion sensors are useful, noninvasive, low-cost, and objective tools for performing gait and posture analysis in diabetic patients. The IMUs can be worn at the lumber levels, tibias or feet, and different spatiotemporal parameters of movement and static posture can be assessed. Conclusions: Future research should focus on standardizing the measurement setup and selecting the most informative spatiotemporal parameters for gait and posture analysis.

scholarly journals Study of anemia in diabetes and its association with diabetic retinopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Kansal ◽  
Mahendra Chouhan ◽  
Neelima Singh ◽  
Sushma Trikha ◽  
Jijo Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Capillary Method ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Anemia is an increasingly recognized entity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Reduced hemoglobin levels identify diabetic patients with an increased risk of microvascular complications.Methods: A hospital based observational prospective study was conducted in Department of medicine, J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior from June 2014 to October 2015. Adults with diabetes mellitus both type 1 and type 2 were selected as subjects are included and anemia due to blood loss and anemia due to chronic kidney diseases were excluded from the study. Estimation of hemoglobin was done by using capillary method by calorimetric hemoglobinometer. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <13 g/dl in men and <12 g/ dl in women. All the patients were examined for diabetic retinopathy and graded as none, mild, moderate, severe and proliferative retinopathy as per International clinical diabetic retinopathy disease severity scale.Results: 100 patients were enrolled as subjects. Most of the patients 26 (26%) were in the age group 46-55 years. There were 53 males and 47 females. 42%, 45% and 13% had diabetes of <5 years, 5-10 years and > 10 years duration respectively. HbA1c levels were <7.5 in 74 (74%), 7.5-10 in 23 (23%) patients and > 10 in 3 (3%) patients. Overall 67 (67%) diabetics had anemia. Out of 53 males 30 (56.6%) had anemia and amongst females, out of 47 cases 37 (78.72%) had anemia P value 0.009. Anemia was more common in patients less than 50 years 36 (70.59%) compared to31 (63.2%) with anemia in patients more than 50 years. 65 (65%) patients had diabetic retinopathy (DR). 30 (46.1%) males and 35 (53.8%) females had diabetic retinopathy. All patients with diabetic retinopathy had anemia. Among 35 (35%) patients without DR only 2 (5.71%) had anemia. P value <0.001.Conclusions: Anemia is a common accompaniment to diabetes. Anemia was more common in females and in those less than 50 years. Anemia was frequently associated with diabetic retinopathy. The high prevalence of anaemia supports regular screening for anemia, alongside that for other diabetes-related complications. This might help to delay the progression of vascular complications in these patients.  

scholarly journals Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe MC Rosano ◽  
Cristiana Vitale ◽  
Petar Seferovic ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Negative Effect

Diabetes and heart failure are closely related: patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing heart failure and those with heart failure are at higher risk of developing diabetes. Furthermore, antidiabetic medications increase the risk of mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with and without pre-existing heart failure. When the two diseases are considered individually, heart failure has a much poorer prognosis than diabetes mellitus; therefore heart failure has to be a priority for treatment in patients presenting with the two conditions, and the diabetic patient with heart failure should be managed by the heart failure team. No specific randomised clinical trials have been conducted to test the effect of cardiovascular drugs in diabetic patients with heart failure, but a wealth of evidence suggests that all interventions effective at improving prognosis in patients with heart failure are equally beneficial in patients with and without diabetes. The negative effect of glucose-lowering agents in patients with heart failure or at increased risk of heart failure has become evident after the withdrawal of rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, from the EU market due to evidence of increased risk of cardiovascular events and hospitalisations for heart failure. An important issue that remains unresolved is the optimal target level of glycated haemoglobin, as recent studies have demonstrated significant reductions in total mortality, morbidity and risk of heart failure despite achieving HbA1c levels similar to those observed in the UKPDS study conducted some decades ago. Meta-analyses showed that intensive glucose lowering is not associated with any significant reduction in cardiovascular risk but conversely results in a significant increase in heart failure risk. Different medications have different risk: benefit ratios in diabetic patients with heart failure; therefore, the heart failure team must judge the required intensity of glycaemic control, the type and dose of glucose lowering agents and any change in glucose-lowering therapy, according to the clinical conditions present.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Modulation In Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kozhakhmetov ◽  
N. Mukhanbetzhanov ◽  
А.R Kushugulova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus are one of the major complex public health problems in the world, and in fact are becoming a global epidemic. It is associated with an increased risk of a large number of complications, including dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease. The microbiota modulates inflammation, metabolizes indigestible food components, affects intestinal permeability, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and overall energy homeostasis. The study investigated the effect of a multistrain probiotic on the intestinal microflora in diabetic patients. As a result of the work carried out, it was shown that the microbiome of patients with diabetes mellitus differs from normal and is depleted in bifidobacteria and some butyrate producers, such as Subdoligranulum, but enriched in Prevotella. The use of a multi-strain probiotic has led to an increase in the biodiversity of the intestinal microflora. Also, in the fecal samples, the content of acetate and butyrate increased, while the concentration of propionate decreased markedly.

scholarly journals The Management of Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rosano ◽  
Petar Seferovic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality

Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing heart failure and diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent amongst patients with heart failure, especially those with HFpEF. Diabetic patients with heart failure have an increased mortality and an increased risk of hospitalisations and the use of certain anti- diabetic agents increase the risk of mortality and hospitalisation in heart failure. Conversely, newer therapeutic agents have shown a significant reduction of mortality, morbidity and risk of developing heart failure in diabetic patients with proven cardiovascular disease. This highly important area is reviewed in this paper.

Intramuscular Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Alteration In Extraocular Muscles of Diabetic Mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Pachter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oculomotor Palsy ◽  
Third Nerve Palsy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Intramuscular Nerve ◽  
Oculomotor Nerves

Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).

scholarly journals A preliminary study on diabetes self-management education and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisokanth G. ◽  
Indrakumar J. ◽  
Prathapan S. ◽  
Joseph J. ◽  
Ilankoon I.M.P.S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in the improvement of glycemic control among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. The study was a prospective interventional study and conducted as a preliminary study at medical clinic, Base hospital, Kaluwanchikudy, Batticaloa. Thirty patients with T2DM were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured individual diabetes self-management education for 10 hours (one hour per week) was delivered to diabetic patients by the trained Nurse Health Educator. Glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed as a main outcome measure and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Body Mass Index (BMI) of each patient were also measured and recorded before and after the intervention. The respondent rate was 96.7% (n = 29). Majority of them were females (n = 25, 86.2%). A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that DSME had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c [8.60 (IQR 2.60) vs. 7.40 (IQR 2.10), p = .000] and FBS level [159.00 (IQR 77.50) vs. 134.00 (IQR 40.50), p = .002] at 3 months of intervention. The mean BMI at baseline was higher compared to 3 months of intervention [24.88 (SD ± 3.06) vs. 24.19 (SD ± 2.79)] which was statistically significant (p = .000). Majority of participants (n = 22, 75.9%) had improved their HbA1c level by ≥ 0.5% in 3 months. The diabetes self-management education is an effective measure in improving glycemic control and other clinical parameters among patients with T2DM. Thus, DSME needs to be implemented among clinic patients with T2DM for the better outcome and the preventions of complications.

scholarly journals When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Teny M. John ◽  
Ceena N. Jacob ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Perfect Storm

Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus—A Risk Factor for Unfavourable Outcome in COVID-19 Patients—The Experience of an Infectious Diseases Regional Hospital

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Egidia Miftode ◽  
Larisa Miftode ◽  
Ioana Coman ◽  
Cristian Prepeliuc ◽  
Maria Obreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Unfavourable Outcome ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Early research into the implications concerning the evolution of the infection caused by the new coronavirus in people with glucose metabolism dysfunction, in this case diabetics, shows that severe forms of the disease predominate in this risk category. Moreover, it seems that even in patients with normal glycaemic status, COVID-19 may predispose to the development of hyperglycaemia which modulates immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses, with direct effects on morbidity and mortality. Thus, taking into account these scientific data, as well as the increased frequency of diabetes in the general population, we aimed to assess the risk of an unfavourable outcome of diabetic patients, which is in a strong connection with the presence and severity of pulmonary disease such as interstitial pneumonia/bronchopneumonia, as well as the effectiveness of Tocilizumab administration. The results of our study indicate a three-fold higher risk of death in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 (RR = 3.03; IC95%: 2.37–3.86; p = 0.001),compared to nondiabetic patients, and the risk of developing severe forms of acute respiratory failure was 1.5 times higher in the first studied category. In conclusion, we can say that the diabetic diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection is more predisposed to immunological and organic dysfunctions that may ultimately result in death, and treatment with monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies was more effective in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of Tocilizumab was significant in both studied groups, but diabetic patients responded better to this therapy compared to non-diabetes-mellitus (DM) ones (76.7% vs. 35% p = 0.001).

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