scholarly journals Localised FM Digital Audio Broadcasting using WiFi Mesh Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Verma ◽  
Somesh Kar ◽  
Priyanshi Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Digital Audio Broadcasting ◽  
Novel Approach

<div>Digital Audio Broadcasting via FM radio continues to be popular, even today, owing to its accessibility, especially in rural areas where even common feature phones and affordable radio receivers are able to freely receive both, mainstream and local vernacular transmissions without any subscription charge. Additionally, it is established that broadcasts undertaken at a local level can play an instrumental role in facilitating cultural expression and aiding information delivery at a local level However, local broadcasts via the current Community Radio Stations (CRS) are not only expensive but also unsuitable for remote, isolated regions with their rugged terrains. </div><div><br></div><div>The authors hereby propose a novel approach to help address these current problems through a distributed system for Digital Audio Broadcasting. Multiple FM transmitting nodes (using VHF II: 87.5-100 MHz) form a WiFi Mesh Network to receive digital audio signals to broadcast from 1 hub node. The components used are off-the-shelf, cost-effective, and modular. It is more cost-effective than current CRS systems for mid-scale local broadcasts, with essentially no data loss between the transmitter units in deployment. Additionally, unlike relays, an existing alternative, built-in redundancy in the system ensures reliability, and caching protects against minor network disturbances when recordings are being broadcast. This approach allows for flexible and efficient deployments with wide, precise and accurate coverage, notably remaining equally effective in areas with an uneven terrain, thereby expanding its potential applications. </div><div><br></div><div>Experiments involving the system were conducted by varying the audio samples and the conditions, for which the evaluation metrics included the PSNR, PSD spectrograms, DFTs, signal strength, and data transmission rate to gauge the transmission quality, range and scalability. Results included a moderate data rate of 12 mbits/s at a 100 metres separation with obstacles from the transmitter, which is sufficient for the broadcasting and fast caching of high-fidelity audio. </div>

Searching digital audio broadcasting radio stations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Camilli ◽  
Massimiliano Dibitonto ◽  
Alessandro Vona ◽  
Roberta Grimaldi ◽  
Francesco Di Nocera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Audio ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Digital Audio Broadcasting

scholarly journals Application of an Queuing Model to WiMAX-Based Wireless Mesh Networks: Grid Topology Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vahid Sattari Naeini ◽  
Naser Movahhedinia
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Mesh Structure ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Wireless mesh networking is an effective approach to reach high performance in the last mile of broadband Internet access. The mesh structure is the basic step toward providing cost-effective, dynamic, and high-bandwidth wireless connection. In this paper, WiMAX-like wireless mesh network is considered, emphasizing the grid arrangement which is the general topology described in the literature. To evaluate the performance of the conventional and proposed scheduling algorithms, each link is modeled using an M/D/1 queue and a virtual node concept is introduced to describe comparable performance metrics for the system. Performance measures of the system in addition to the simulation results are assessed in terms of the network length and the arrival rates.

scholarly journals Centralized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Mesh Networks Placement Scheme: A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Sabino ◽  
António Grilo
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Multi Objective

In the past, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) were mostly used in the military operations to prevent pilot losses. Nowadays, the fast technological evolution enables the production of a class of cost-effective UAVs which can service a plethora of public and civilian applications, specially when configured to work cooperatively to accomplish a task. However, designing a communication network among the UAVs is challenging task. In this article, we propose a centralized UAV placement strategy, where UAVs are used as flying access points forming a mesh network, providing connectivity to ground nodes deployed in a target area. The geographical placement of UAVs is optimized based on a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA). The goal of the proposed scheme is to cover all ground nodes using a minimum number of UAVs, while maximizing the fulfillment of their data rate requirements. The UAVs can employ different data rates depending on the channel conditions, which are expressed by the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR). In this work, elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to find a set of optimal positions to place UAVs, given the positions of the ground nodes. We evaluate the trade-off between the number of UAVs used to cover the target area and the data rate requirement of the ground nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can optimize the UAV placement given the requirement and the positions of the ground nodes in the geographical area.

scholarly journals Localised FM Digital Audio Broadcasting using WiFi Mesh Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Verma ◽  
Somesh Kar ◽  
Priyanshi Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Community Radio ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transforms ◽  
Digital Audio Broadcasting ◽  
Transmission Quality

<div>Digital Audio Broadcasting via FM radio transmission on the VHF-II Band remains widely in use despite advancements in other wireless technologies due to its accessibility, particularly in rural areas where CRS help facilitate cultural expression and aid local information delivery. Current CRS are expensive and power-intensive while remaining challenging to scale, especially across hilly environments and uneven terrain.</div><div><br></div><div>This paper first examines the need for a low-cost, scalable CRS in 2 regions, namely India and African countries, using recent social science literature and reporting. Then, we evaluate the performance of the proposed community radio mesh system for range, scalability, and transmission quality. The system consists of low-cost and modular FM transmitter units connected to each other via a WiFi MeshNet which is used to transmit digital audio signals from the hub node. Each transmitter unit then broadcasts this digital audio signal in the VHF-II band, supported by standard feature phones and other FM receivers. The transmitter units consist of COTS components running on open-source software.</div><div><br></div><div>The transmission quality has been analyzed using objective metrics such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio and interpreted from PSD spectrograms and the output of Discrete Fourier Transforms. While field trials and further research are necessary, the approach seems promising for rolling out mid-to-large scale community radio mesh systems.</div>

scholarly journals Audio digital de emisoras en la web [Digital audio broadcasting on the web]

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Eliécer Tovar Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Digital Audio ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Digital Audio Broadcasting ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
A Company ◽  
Audio System ◽  
The Web

Resumen El artículo recoge experiencias del manejo e implementación del sistema de audio digital de en las emisoras de una empresa radial colombiana, empresa que cuenta en la actualidad con una versión mejorada del software audio digital desarrollado por sus ingenieros, es una versión muy amigable en pantalla y que contiene dos tarjetas de audio profesionales, y la propia del computador, para emitir y mezclar audios por tres canales diferentes de consola desde un mismo computador. Esta mejora unida a las redes (LAN y WAN) de la empresa y aprovechando adelantos tecnológicos como el streaming son la base para subir a internet el audio en vivo de todas las emisoras con que cuenta la empresa para que cualquier ciudadano, de cualquier parte del país y en cualquier lugar del mundo donde tenga conectividad a internet, pueda enterarse al instante de lo que pasa en su región. Palabras ClavesAudio digital, Software, LAN, WAN, Estaciones de radio, Streaming   Abstract The article recounts experiences of managing and implementing the digital audio system in the stations of a Colombian radio company, a company that has at present with an enhanced version of digital audio software developed by its engineers, is a very friendly version on screen and containing two professional audio cards and the computer itself to issue and mixing audio for three different channels from the same computer console. This improvement coupled with the networks (LAN and WAN) of the company and leveraging technological advances such as streaming are the basis for internet upload the live audio of all stations available to the company so that any citizen, anywhere in the country and anywhere in the world where you have internet connectivity, can find out instantly what's happening in your area. Keywords Audio digital, Software, LAN, WAN, Radio stations, Streaming

scholarly journals The Dubrava Model—A Novel Approach in Treating Acutely Neurotraumatized Patients in Rural Areas: A Proposal for Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
Darko Orešković ◽  
Marina Raguž ◽  
Fadi Almahariq ◽  
Domagoj Dlaka ◽  
Dominik Romić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Rich Countries

Abstract Introduction Neurotrauma is one of the leading causes of death and disabilities nowadays and represents one of the largest socioeconomic problems in rich countries, as well as developing ones. A satisfying, medically viable, and cost-effective model of managing acutely neurotraumatized patients, especially ones who come from distant and/or rural areas, has yet to be found. Patient outcome after acute neurotrauma depends on many factors of which the possibility of urgent treatment by an experienced specialist team has a crucial role. Here, we present our own way of managing acutely neurotraumatized patients from distant places which is unique in Croatia, the Dubrava model. Methods We present our 5-year experience cooperating with general hospitals in four neighboring cities (Ĉakovec, Bjelovar, Sisak, and Koprivnica) in managing, operating, and taking care of acutely neurotraumatized patients. Results More than 300 surgeries have been performed in these hospitals through the Dubrava model. Our experience so far provides encouraging results that this system could also be successfully implemented in other institutions. Furthermore, we recorded an increased number of surgeries each year, as well as a good mutual cooperation with the local general hospitals. Discussion This trauma managing model is one of a kind in Croatia. We argue that it is not only better for the patients, providing them with better chances of survival, and disability-free recovery, but is also far superior in many ways to the dominant and currently prevalent way of treating these patients in other parts of Croatia. Conclusion The Dubrava model of treating patients in rural and distant areas is a reliable and proven model with many benefits and as such its implementation should be considered in other institutions as well.

scholarly journals Localised FM Digital Audio Broadcasting using WiFi Mesh Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Verma ◽  
Somesh Kar ◽  
Priyanshi Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Community Radio ◽  
Discrete Fourier Transforms ◽  
Digital Audio Broadcasting ◽  
Transmission Quality

Digital Audio Broadcasting via FM radio transmission on the VHF-II Band remains widely in use despite advancements in other wireless technologies due to its accessibility, particularly in rural areas where CRS help facilitate cultural expression and aid local information delivery. Current CRS are expensive and power-intensive while remaining challenging to scale, especially across hilly environments and uneven terrain. This paper first examines the need for a low-cost, scalable CRS in 2 regions, namely India and African countries, using recent social science literature and reporting. Then, we evaluate the performance of the proposed community radio mesh system for range, scalability, and transmission quality. The system consists of low-cost and modular FM transmitter units connected to each other via a WiFi MeshNet which is used to transmit digital audio signals from the hub node. Each transmitter unit then broadcasts this digital audio signal in the VHF-II band, supported by standard feature phones and other FM receivers. The transmitter units consist of COTS components running on open-source software. The transmission quality has been analyzed using objective metrics such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio and interpreted from PSD spectrograms and the output of Discrete Fourier Transforms. While field trials and further research are necessary, the approach seems promising for rolling out mid-to-large scale community radio mesh systems.<br>

scholarly journals An Improved Dynamic Load Balancing Routing Protocol Based on Mesh Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Dynamic Load Balancing ◽  
Link State

An improved dynamic load balancing routing protocol is proposed based on mesh networks. A cost-effective integrated link state routing algorithm is designed in this protocol, and the mechanism of real-time monitoring and adjustment is adopted in this algorithm for the link state. The source nodes with routing redundancy are notified actively, and the secondary routing is used or focused when the link changes greatly. Moreover, a real-time backoff algorithm is proposed in this protocol. The network fairness problem is solved when the multi-path task and the single-path task compete for the link. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can effectively avoid the congestion of network nodes. Better dynamic load balancing effect can be achieved, and the utilization of network resources is improved.

scholarly journals Analysis of Denial of Service Impact on Data Routing in Mobile eHealth Wireless Mesh Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaker Alanazi ◽  
Kashif Saleem ◽  
Jalal Al-Muhtadi ◽  
Abdelouahid Derhab
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Information Transfers

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising technology that has emerged with the combination of several wireless networks. These wireless networks and devices communicate in a mesh network manner, to provide edge-to-edge, easy, and cost-effective data communication. Many current and future promising applications depend on WMN and one of the most important applications is eHealthcare, where the confidential information transfers with the help of WMN. WMN devices communicate over a wireless medium, which opens the system to a number of vulnerabilities; thus, an intruder can launch malicious activities through many types of attacks that can result in denial of service (DoS). In this paper, the available solutions to overcome these attacks are simulated and evaluated in terms of data packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and network throughput and under different cases of static and mobile WMNs, which helps in providing suggestions to enhance existing protocols and mitigate the effect of DoS caused by such attacks.

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