scholarly journals The Dubrava Model—A Novel Approach in Treating Acutely Neurotraumatized Patients in Rural Areas: A Proposal for Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
Darko Orešković ◽  
Marina Raguž ◽  
Fadi Almahariq ◽  
Domagoj Dlaka ◽  
Dominik Romić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Rich Countries

Abstract Introduction Neurotrauma is one of the leading causes of death and disabilities nowadays and represents one of the largest socioeconomic problems in rich countries, as well as developing ones. A satisfying, medically viable, and cost-effective model of managing acutely neurotraumatized patients, especially ones who come from distant and/or rural areas, has yet to be found. Patient outcome after acute neurotrauma depends on many factors of which the possibility of urgent treatment by an experienced specialist team has a crucial role. Here, we present our own way of managing acutely neurotraumatized patients from distant places which is unique in Croatia, the Dubrava model. Methods We present our 5-year experience cooperating with general hospitals in four neighboring cities (Ĉakovec, Bjelovar, Sisak, and Koprivnica) in managing, operating, and taking care of acutely neurotraumatized patients. Results More than 300 surgeries have been performed in these hospitals through the Dubrava model. Our experience so far provides encouraging results that this system could also be successfully implemented in other institutions. Furthermore, we recorded an increased number of surgeries each year, as well as a good mutual cooperation with the local general hospitals. Discussion This trauma managing model is one of a kind in Croatia. We argue that it is not only better for the patients, providing them with better chances of survival, and disability-free recovery, but is also far superior in many ways to the dominant and currently prevalent way of treating these patients in other parts of Croatia. Conclusion The Dubrava model of treating patients in rural and distant areas is a reliable and proven model with many benefits and as such its implementation should be considered in other institutions as well.

scholarly journals Localised FM Digital Audio Broadcasting using WiFi Mesh Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Verma ◽  
Somesh Kar ◽  
Priyanshi Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Digital Audio Broadcasting ◽  
Novel Approach

<div>Digital Audio Broadcasting via FM radio continues to be popular, even today, owing to its accessibility, especially in rural areas where even common feature phones and affordable radio receivers are able to freely receive both, mainstream and local vernacular transmissions without any subscription charge. Additionally, it is established that broadcasts undertaken at a local level can play an instrumental role in facilitating cultural expression and aiding information delivery at a local level However, local broadcasts via the current Community Radio Stations (CRS) are not only expensive but also unsuitable for remote, isolated regions with their rugged terrains. </div><div><br></div><div>The authors hereby propose a novel approach to help address these current problems through a distributed system for Digital Audio Broadcasting. Multiple FM transmitting nodes (using VHF II: 87.5-100 MHz) form a WiFi Mesh Network to receive digital audio signals to broadcast from 1 hub node. The components used are off-the-shelf, cost-effective, and modular. It is more cost-effective than current CRS systems for mid-scale local broadcasts, with essentially no data loss between the transmitter units in deployment. Additionally, unlike relays, an existing alternative, built-in redundancy in the system ensures reliability, and caching protects against minor network disturbances when recordings are being broadcast. This approach allows for flexible and efficient deployments with wide, precise and accurate coverage, notably remaining equally effective in areas with an uneven terrain, thereby expanding its potential applications. </div><div><br></div><div>Experiments involving the system were conducted by varying the audio samples and the conditions, for which the evaluation metrics included the PSNR, PSD spectrograms, DFTs, signal strength, and data transmission rate to gauge the transmission quality, range and scalability. Results included a moderate data rate of 12 mbits/s at a 100 metres separation with obstacles from the transmitter, which is sufficient for the broadcasting and fast caching of high-fidelity audio. </div>

Features of support of agriculture (the case of the Tyumen Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-48
Author(s):  
Aleksandra G. Balakhnina ◽  
Gulnara F. Romashkina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Support ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Programs

This article systematizes the legal framework, forms, and volumes of support for agriculture from the federal budget of Russia and the regional budget (on the example of the Tyumen Region). The authors have performed a detailed analysis of the directions of such support for 2016-2019. The historical, economic and social features of the relationship between the state and agriculture are shown. State support for agriculture is objectively necessary, and competent budget planning makes it possible to develop. However, the dominance of direct forms of spending support does not stimulate cost-effective and innovative activities, which in the future can bring the industry to a competitive level. There is very little and irregular support for social forms, the development of farming and other forms of private farming in rural areas. The authors conclude that the policy of state support is sufficiently provided by legislative acts, resolutions and state programs. Many programs are updated, and new versions are adopted even before the previous ones expire. Such strong volatility hurts strategic projects and agricultural initiatives. Less expensive forms of activity-mediation and trade turn profitable. Living conditions in the villages significantly stay behind in quality and opportunities, which leads to the human capital leaving rural areas. The authors propose to pay more attention to the development of indirect forms of support, to stimulate economic activity and small businesses.

A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Sialolithiasis that Preserves Salivary Duct Anatomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110189
Author(s):  
Gani Atilla Şengör ◽  
Ahmet Mert Bilgili
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Pneumatic Lithotripsy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Salivary Gland Stones

Objective: The sialendoscopy era in the treatment of salivary gland stones has reduced the use of classical surgical methods. However, the miniature ducts and tools may cause difficulties in removing large sialoliths. Therefore, invasive combined oral surgeries or gland resection may be considered. We searched for the most suitable method in order to stay in line with the minimally invasive approach that preserves the ductus anatomy, and that can reduce the surgical fears of patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 84 cases (23 parotid and 61 submandibular) in whom stones were fragmented by pneumatic lithotripsy and removed between January 2015 and January 2020. The parotid cases comprised 7 females and 16 males, and the submandibular cases comprised 25 females and 36 males. Intraductal lithotripsy was performed using pneumatic lithotripter. This study has fourth level of evidence. Results: Based on total number of cases (n = 84), success rate was 67/84 (79.7%) immediately after sialendoscopy, and overall success rate was 77/84 (91.6%). Based on number of stones treated (n = 111), our immediate success rate was 94/111 (84.6%), and overall success rate was 104/111 (93.7%). The success criteria were complete removal of the stone and fragments in a single sialendoscopy procedure and resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: We successfully treated salivary gland stones, including L3b stones, in our patient cohort with sialendoscopy combined with pneumatic lithotripsy. The lithotripsy method that we have adapted seems to be more useful and cost-effective compared to its alternatives. We were also able to preserve the ductus anatomy and relieve patients’ concerns. Level of Evidence: Level IV

scholarly journals The design of Lil’Flo, a socially assistive robot for upper extremity motor assessment and rehabilitation in the community via telepresence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205566832110018
Author(s):  
Michael J Sobrepera ◽  
Vera G Lee ◽  
Michelle J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Motor Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Care ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Assistive Robot ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Socially Assistive Robot ◽  
Assistive Robotic

Introduction We present Lil’Flo, a socially assistive robotic telerehabilitation system for deployment in the community. As shortages in rehabilitation professionals increase, especially in rural areas, there is a growing need to deliver care in the communities where patients live, work, learn, and play. Traditional telepresence, while useful, fails to deliver the rich interactions and data needed for motor rehabilitation and assessment. Methods We designed Lil’Flo, targeted towards pediatric patients with cerebral palsy and brachial plexus injuries using results from prior usability studies. The system combines traditional telepresence and computer vision with a humanoid, who can play games with patients and guide them in a present and engaging way under the supervision of a remote clinician. We surveyed 13 rehabilitation clinicians in a virtual usability test to evaluate the system. Results The system is more portable, extensible, and cheaper than our prior iteration, with an expressive humanoid. The virtual usability testing shows that clinicians believe Lil’Flo could be deployed in rural and elder care facilities and is more capable of remote stretching, strength building, and motor assessments than traditional video only telepresence. Conclusions Lil’Flo represents a novel approach to delivering rehabilitation care in the community while maintaining the clinician-patient connection.

scholarly journals Facilitating co-production in public services: Empirical evidence from a co-design experience with family caregivers living in a remote and rural area

2020 ◽  
pp. 095148482097145
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gheduzzi ◽  
Niccolò Morelli ◽  
Guendalina Graffigna ◽  
Cristina Masella
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Care Agency ◽  
Home Care Agency ◽  
Design Experience

The involvement of vulnerable actors in co-production activities is a debated topic in the current public service literature. While vulnerable actors should have the same opportunities to be involved as other actors, they may not have the needed competences, skills and attitudes to contribute to this process. This paper is part of a broader project on family caregivers’ engagement in remote and rural areas. In particular, it investigates how to facilitate co-production by looking at four co-design workshops with family caregivers, representatives of a local home care agency and researchers. The transcripts of the workshops were coded using NVivo, and the data were analysed based on the existing theory about co-production. Two main findings were identified from the analysis. First, the adoption of co-production by vulnerable actors may occur in conjunction with other forms of engagement. Second, the interactions among facilitators and providers play a crucial role in encouraging the adoption of co-production. We identified at least two strategies that may help facilitators and providers achieve that goal. However, there is a need for an in-depth understanding of how facilitators and providers should interact to enhance implementation of co-production.

scholarly journals Gas Detection and Identification Using Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Based Sensor Fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Parag Narkhede ◽  
Rahee Walambe ◽  
Shruti Mandaokar ◽  
Pulkit Chandel ◽  
Ketan Kotecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Single Sensor

With the rapid industrialization and technological advancements, innovative engineering technologies which are cost effective, faster and easier to implement are essential. One such area of concern is the rising number of accidents happening due to gas leaks at coal mines, chemical industries, home appliances etc. In this paper we propose a novel approach to detect and identify the gaseous emissions using the multimodal AI fusion techniques. Most of the gases and their fumes are colorless, odorless, and tasteless, thereby challenging our normal human senses. Sensing based on a single sensor may not be accurate, and sensor fusion is essential for robust and reliable detection in several real-world applications. We manually collected 6400 gas samples (1600 samples per class for four classes) using two specific sensors: the 7-semiconductor gas sensors array, and a thermal camera. The early fusion method of multimodal AI, is applied The network architecture consists of a feature extraction module for individual modality, which is then fused using a merged layer followed by a dense layer, which provides a single output for identifying the gas. We obtained the testing accuracy of 96% (for fused model) as opposed to individual model accuracies of 82% (based on Gas Sensor data using LSTM) and 93% (based on thermal images data using CNN model). Results demonstrate that the fusion of multiple sensors and modalities outperforms the outcome of a single sensor.

Efferocytosis during myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chikashi Yoshimura ◽  
Akiomi Nagasaka ◽  
Hitoshi Kurose ◽  
Michio Nakaya
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Related Cell

Abstract Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Many heart cells die during myocardial infarction through various processes such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy-related cell death, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. These dead cells in infarcted hearts expose the so-called ‘eat-me’ signals, such as phosphatidylserine, on their surfaces, enhancing their removal by professional and non-professional phagocytes. Clearance of dead cells by phagocytes in the diseased hearts plays a crucial role in the pathology of myocardial infarction by inhibiting the inflammatory responses caused by the leakage of contents from dead cells. This review focuses on the rapidly growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dead cell phagocytosis, termed efferocytosis, during myocardial infarction, which contributes to the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals A Pioneering Tactic for Sustainable Waste Management: Design of a Cost-Effective Recycling Machine

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
A. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
General Public ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Project Study ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Assembly Operations

In this paper we discussed the new design, fabrication and testing of a mechanical can crusher taking into deliberation the force analysis and ergonomic factors that will enable people to use this mechanical can crusher especially in Botswana rural areas. The process of crushing cans is of vital importance as it saves a percentage of space for can disposal and also makes it easier for these cans to be transported to recycling centers or landfill areas. The methods and processes used to bring this project to life include welding, cutting, bending, drilling and assembly operations. This project study is mainly about generating a new concept of a mechanical can crusher that is compact to transport from one location to another and makes can crushing easy and fascinating to the general public so as to promote people buy into crushing in Sub-Sahara market. Even though there are numerous sorts of the mechanical would crusher be able to as of now in presence, this model provides a more practical usage than previous one with the desired mechanical advantage of 10, machinability to crush the entire cans to 25% of their original size and 100% efficiency for the entire rounds.

scholarly journals Implementation of Fused Filament Fabrication in Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6444
Author(s):  
Jörg Lüchtenborg ◽  
Felix Burkhardt ◽  
Julian Nold ◽  
Severin Rothlauf ◽  
Christian Wesemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
Novel Approach

Additive manufacturing is becoming an increasingly important technique for the production of dental restorations and assistive devices. The most commonly used systems are based on vat polymerization, e.g., stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP). In contrast, fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known under the brand name fused deposition modeling (FDM), is rarely applied in the dental field. This might be due to the reduced accuracy and resolution of FFF compared to vat polymerization. However, the use of FFF in the dental sector seems very promising for in-house production since it presents a cost-effective and straight forward method. The manufacturing of nearly ready-to-use parts with only minimal post-processing can be considered highly advantageous. Therefore, the objective was to implement FFF in a digital dental workflow. The present report demonstrates the production of surgical guides for implant insertion by FFF. Furthermore, a novel approach using a temperature-sensitive filament for bite registration plates holds great promise for a simplified workflow. In combination with a medical-grade filament, a multi-material impression tray was printed for optimized impression taking of edentulous patients. Compared to the conventional way, the printed thermoplastic material is pleasant to model and can allow clean and fast work on the patient.

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