scholarly journals Fully Flexible, Polymer based Microwave Devices Part I: Materials, Fabrication Technique, and Application to Transmission Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Cherukhin
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Microwave Devices ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Microwave Electronics ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Significant Performance

To achieve fully flexible microwave devices, we investigated flexible polymers in terms of chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Moreover, the fabrication techniques for polymer-based microwave devices have been developed to address chemical adhesion and demolding issues. Finally, based on formulated criteria, we have developed recipes for low-loss (0.001), low-Dk (1.73) flexible dielectric materials and applied them to the microstrip and CPW transmission lines. The microstrip and CPW lines' transmission loss is as low as 0.065 and 0.034 dB/cm at 2.5 GHz, respectively. The effects of various materials on microwave performance have been analyzed, from which we show acceptable limits for fully flexible microwave devices in S and L bands. The proposed molding process allows us to step out from 2D PCB designs and build 3D structures or hybrid PCB-3D components with a certain freedom in material properties. Additionally, the new material exhibits unique mechanical properties, which extends the material application to other fields. This work demonstrates that polymer-based flexible microwave electronics can have a competitive performance compared to rigid PCB technology. Additionally, it has been found that the polymer-based devices have significant performance improvements at elevated temperatures, which can be exploited in a high-temperature application.

scholarly journals Fully Flexible, Polymer based Microwave Devices Part I: Materials, Fabrication Technique, and Application to Transmission Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Cherukhin
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Microwave Devices ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Microwave Electronics ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Significant Performance

To achieve fully flexible microwave devices, we investigated flexible polymers in terms of chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Moreover, the fabrication techniques for polymer-based microwave devices have been developed to address chemical adhesion and demolding issues. Finally, based on formulated criteria, we have developed recipes for low-loss (0.001), low-Dk (1.73) flexible dielectric materials and applied them to the microstrip and CPW transmission lines. The microstrip and CPW lines' transmission loss is as low as 0.065 and 0.034 dB/cm at 2.5 GHz, respectively. The effects of various materials on microwave performance have been analyzed, from which we show acceptable limits for fully flexible microwave devices in S and L bands. The proposed molding process allows us to step out from 2D PCB designs and build 3D structures or hybrid PCB-3D components with a certain freedom in material properties. Additionally, the new material exhibits unique mechanical properties, which extends the material application to other fields. This work demonstrates that polymer-based flexible microwave electronics can have a competitive performance compared to rigid PCB technology. Additionally, it has been found that the polymer-based devices have significant performance improvements at elevated temperatures, which can be exploited in a high-temperature application.

scholarly journals Fully Flexible, Polymer based Microwave Devices Part II: Flexible Antennas and Performance Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Cherukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Modified Polymers ◽  
Flexible Antennas ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fringing Fields ◽  
Bow Tie

In this work, we have investigated polymer-based flexible antennas from commercial and modified polymers, which are competitive to rigid PCB technology. Classical designs of the patch and bow-tie antennas have been realized and showed that the realized gain can get up to 9.16dBi for the patch and 7.9dBi for the bow-tie antennas. The effects of the dielectric loss and conductivity on the antennas’ performance in S-band have been analyzed in order to find limits for further material engineering and the optimum trade-off between microwave and mechanical performance. The bending effects have been investigated, and it has been found that E-plane bend inside can boost the antenna gain from 8.6dBi to 10.1dBi with the frequency shift from 2.5 GHz to 2.4 GHz for the patch and 7.9dBi to 11.3dBi at 3.1 GHz for the bow-tie antennas. The non-classical π-shaped conductors’ edges lead to additional fringing fields, which have an effect on the antenna’s gain and can be explored and exploited for further performance improvements. The new recipes for low-loss, low-Dk dielectric materials, and chemical integration between conducting

scholarly journals Fully Flexible, Polymer based Microwave Devices Part II: Flexible Antennas and Performance Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Cherukhin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Modified Polymers ◽  
Flexible Antennas ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fringing Fields ◽  
Bow Tie

In this work, we have investigated polymer-based flexible antennas from commercial and modified polymers, which are competitive to rigid PCB technology. Classical designs of the patch and bow-tie antennas have been realized and showed that the realized gain can get up to 9.16dBi for the patch and 7.9dBi for the bow-tie antennas. The effects of the dielectric loss and conductivity on the antennas’ performance in S-band have been analyzed in order to find limits for further material engineering and the optimum trade-off between microwave and mechanical performance. The bending effects have been investigated, and it has been found that E-plane bend inside can boost the antenna gain from 8.6dBi to 10.1dBi with the frequency shift from 2.5 GHz to 2.4 GHz for the patch and 7.9dBi to 11.3dBi at 3.1 GHz for the bow-tie antennas. The non-classical π-shaped conductors’ edges lead to additional fringing fields, which have an effect on the antenna’s gain and can be explored and exploited for further performance improvements. The new recipes for low-loss, low-Dk dielectric materials, and chemical integration between conducting

Materials Issues and Characterization of Low-k Dielectric Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Todd Ryan ◽  
Andrew J. McKerrow ◽  
Jihperng Leu ◽  
Paul S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
General Criterion ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Interlayer Dielectrics ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance

Continuing improvement in device density and performance has significantly affected the dimensions and complexity of the wiring structure for on-chip interconnects. These enhancements have led to a reduction in the wiring pitch and an increase in the number of wiring levels to fulfill demands for density and performance improvements. As device dimensions shrink to less than 0.25 μm, the propagation delay, crosstalk noise, and power dissipation due to resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling become significant. Accordingly the interconnect delay now constitutes a major fraction of the total delay limiting the overall chip performance. Equally important is the processing complexity due to an increase in the number of wiring levels. This inevitably drives cost up by lowering the manufacturing yield due to an increase in defects and processing complexity.To address these problems, new materials for use as metal lines and interlayer dielectrics (ILDs) and alternative architectures have surfaced to replace the current Al(Cu)/SiO2 interconnect technology. These alternative architectures will require the introduction of low-dielectric-constant k materials as the interlayer dielectrics and/or low-resistivity conductors such as copper. The electrical and thermomechanical properties of SiO2 are ideal for ILD applications, and a change to material with different properties has important process-integration implications. To facilitate the choice of an alternative ILD, it is necessary to establish general criterion for evaluating thin-film properties of candidate low-k materials, which can be later correlated with process-integration problems.

Pengembangan Mesin Pencacah Sampah/Limbah Plastik Dengan Sistem Crusher dan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Junaidi - ◽  
Ichlas Nur ◽  
Nofriadi - ◽  
Rusmardi -
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Lower Frame

Waste plastic mounting, but can be recycled into other products in the form of granules before further processed into pellets and seed injection molding process produces products such as buckets, plates, bottles and other beverages. To be processed into the required form of granules of plastic thrasher. Though so small plastic recycling industry is still constrained in plastic enumeration process because the machine used was not optimal ability. The purpose of this research is the development of the system thrasher plastic crusher and cutter cylinder-type reel and technical evaluation. This study was conducted over two years, the first year the design and manufacture of machinery, the second year is a technical evaluation of the engine, engine performance improvements and economic analysis of granular plastic products.From the results obtained engine design capacity of the machine ± 350 kg / h, the engine size is 50 cm x 120 cm x 30 cm, power motor of 10 HP at 1450 RPM rotation with 3 phase. Some of the major components of the engine that is, counter crusher unit consists of two counter rotating cylinders opposite, counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 58 cm, blade chopper Ø 17 cm x 2 cm with the number of teeth / blades 7 pieces and the number of blades along shaft 7 pieces, buses retaining Ø 10 cm x 2 cm. Counter-cylinder unit consists of a reel-type cutter counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 90 cm, the middle shaft mounted cylinder with Ø 17 cm x 40 cm as the holder of the chopper blades. Chopper blade consists of 4 pieces with a size of 40 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm with ASSAB materials. Furthermore, as the blade retaining bedknife shear force of the blade chopper, upper frame, lower frame, strainer, funnel entry, exit funnel, and the drive unit consists of an electric motor, reducer, belts, pulleys and 2 pieces of gear transmission. The results of performance testing machine crusher round cylinder 75 RPM and 1450 RPM reel-type cutting machine capacity ± 300 kg / h on the filter hole Ø 1.5 cm, with a 80% grain uniformity.

scholarly journals An Attention-Based Multilayer GRU Model for Multistep-Ahead Short-Term Load Forecasting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Seungmin Jung ◽  
Jihoon Moon ◽  
Sungwoo Park ◽  
Eenjun Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Load Forecasting ◽  
Input Sequence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Short Term Load Forecasting ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Input Variables

Recently, multistep-ahead prediction has attracted much attention in electric load forecasting because it can deal with sudden changes in power consumption caused by various events such as fire and heat wave for a day from the present time. On the other hand, recurrent neural networks (RNNs), including long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks, can reflect the previous point well to predict the current point. Due to this property, they have been widely used for multistep-ahead prediction. The GRU model is simple and easy to implement; however, its prediction performance is limited because it considers all input variables equally. In this paper, we propose a short-term load forecasting model using an attention based GRU to focus more on the crucial variables and demonstrate that this can achieve significant performance improvements, especially when the input sequence of RNN is long. Through extensive experiments, we show that the proposed model outperforms other recent multistep-ahead prediction models in the building-level power consumption forecasting.

scholarly journals Data Downlink System in the Vast IOT Node Condition Assisted by UAV, Large Intelligent Surface, and Power and Data Beacon

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5748
Author(s):  
Zhibo Zhang ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Tianrun Li
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Downlink System ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The future development of communication systems will create a great demand for the internet of things (IOT), where the overall control of all IOT nodes will become an important problem. Considering the essential issues of miniaturization and energy conservation, in this study, a new data downlink system is designed in which all IOT nodes harvest energy first and then receive data. To avoid the unsolvable problem of pre-locating all positions of vast IOT nodes, a device called the power and data beacon (PDB) is proposed. This acts as a relay station for energy and data. In addition, we model future scenes in which a communication system is assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), large intelligent surfaces (LISs), and PDBs. In this paper, we propose and solve the problem of determining the optimal flight trajectory to reach the minimum energy consumption or minimum time consumption. Four future feasible scenes are analyzed and then the optimization problems are solved based on numerical algorithms. Simulation results show that there are significant performance improvements in energy/time with the deployment of LISs and reasonable UAV trajectory planning.

VESTA 3for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1272-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Momma ◽  
Fujio Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Voronoi Tessellation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Volumetric Data ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Significant Performance

VESTAis a three-dimensional visualization system for crystallographic studies and electronic state calculations. It has been upgraded to the latest version,VESTA 3, implementing new features including drawing the external morphology of crystals; superimposing multiple structural models, volumetric data and crystal faces; calculation of electron and nuclear densities from structure parameters; calculation of Patterson functions from structure parameters or volumetric data; integration of electron and nuclear densities by Voronoi tessellation; visualization of isosurfaces with multiple levels; determination of the best plane for selected atoms; an extended bond-search algorithm to enable more sophisticated searches in complex molecules and cage-like structures; undo and redo in graphical user interface operations; and significant performance improvements in rendering isosurfaces and calculating slices.

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