scholarly journals Toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Poligonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt on the Allium test taken as an example.

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Smirnova ◽  
Anna Korovkina
Keyword(s):  
Root Meristem ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Selection Of

The plant Poligonum weyrichii Fr. Schmidt is a promising plant in Murmansk region because it is a valuable source of flavonoid compounds. The aim of the study is to investigate, using a sensitive and the well-established Allium test, toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of inflorescences and leaves of the middle tier, which differ in concentration (20, 50, 80 and 100%). According to the observations, the 50%, 80% and 100% concentration aqueous extracts of inflorescences and leaves of P. weyrichii have a mitodepressive effect on the cells of the root meristem of Allium cepa L., and inhibit the root growth, causing chromosomal abnormalities. The further investigations are necessary on selection of such aqueous extracts concentrations of P. weyrichii because this plant is the source of biologically active compounds.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Macroptilium lathyroides

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.A. SILVA ◽  
O.M. YAMASHITA ◽  
A.A.B. ROSSI ◽  
G. CONCENÇO ◽  
M.A.C. CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Number Of Cells

ABSTRACT: The monitoring of phytochemicals with potentially toxic properties can be assessed by observing the physiological and cellular alterations of the test organism exposed. This present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of Macroptilium lathyroides weed on the cell cycle of lettuce. Bioassays were conducted in a germinator (25 oC) with aqueous extract at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40% p v-1, obtained from fresh leaves and roots. For biological, lettuce root meristems were used for the preparation of slides using the technique of squashing. All blades were observed with an optical microscope at a magnitude of 400x. A total of 5,000 cells were analyzed for each treatment, and the number of cells in each phase of mitosis was recorded. Possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities was verified, such as chromatid breaks, anafasic bridges, loss of whole chromosomes or micronuclei formation. These analyzes were conducted only on a qualitative level. Results showed that aqueous extracts of M. lathyroides mitotic caused reduced index with increased concentration. Genotoxic activity was also observed for both extracts tested, since composition resulted in cell cycle changes and chromosomal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecotoxical state of technologically modified edaphotopes with waste of oil refinery with the Allium-test method

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
H. Klepach ◽  
◽  
N. Holub ◽  
O. Lupak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
High Level

The ecotoxic state of technologically modified edaphotopes by waste of refinery was investigated with the Allium-test method. Material for the investigations was samples of edaphotopes which were selected at a depth of 15–20 cm from seven research areas of different locations. The last ones were 10–200 m away in relation to the surface storages of oil sludge and other waste of refinery. It has been detected in Allium-test that edaphotopes of the research areas located at a distance of 10–50 m relative to the storages of waste are toxic. Particularly, their aqueous extracts cause a medium and high level of phyto-, cyto- and genotoxic effects on the growing and proliferative activity of Allium cepa Stuttgarter Riesen variety meristem. Test extracts of edaphotopes in growing Allium-test caused darkening of rootlets and blackening of their tips (contrary to the light rootlets with light tips in control). In addition to it the growing activity of A. сepa bulb roots that were grown on the aqueous extracts of edaphotopes was decreased in 1.71–3.5 times depending on the location and measure of remoteness of the research area from the storage of waste of the refinery. Phytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of those edaphotopes regarding to A. сepa is above average and higher levels, and tolerance of onion rootlets to the test extracts decreases up to 29–52 % comparing to control. The mitotic activity of apical meristem of rootlets also decreased. Particularly, mitotic indexes diminished to 51.05–63.57 % (in control – 82.34 %) and cytotoxicity ones were in the range of 22.8–48.0 % that confirms the medial level of cytotoxicity of the investigated edaphotopes. Ana-telophase method and micronucleus test have shown that the chromosome aberrations frequency and appearance of micronuclei in the cells of the apical meristem of the test object A. cepa is higher in 3.34–5.20 times comparing to control. It indicates the average and the high level of genotoxicity of the investigated edaphotopes. The edaphotopes, which are located at the distance of 100–200 m in relation to the surface storages of waste of refinery have a slight phyto-, cyto- and genotoxic effects which are close to the background level.

Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of Rosmaniric Acid on Allium cepa L. root meristem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Liman ◽  
İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci ◽  
Süleyman Gökçe
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Action of Aqueous Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves on Meristematic Root Cells of Allium cepa L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERASMOVLANE S.B. NEVES ◽  
PAULO MICHEL PINHEIRO FERREIRA ◽  
LEONARDO H.G.M. LIMA ◽  
ANA PAULA PERON
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Test System ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Meristematic Root

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of dried Phyllanthus niruri L. (stonebreaker) leaves on Allium cepa L. root meristem cells at four concentrations, 0.02 (usual concentration), 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08mg/mL and exposure times of 24 and 48 hours. For each concentration we used a group of five onion bulbs that were first embedded in distilled water and then transferred to their respective concentrations. The radicles were collected and fixed in acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours. The slides were prepared by the crushing technique and stained with 2% acetic orcein. Cells were analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5000 for each control and exposure time. The calculated mitotic indices were subjected to the Chi-squared statistical analysis (p<0.05). From the results obtained it was observed that all four concentrations tested had significant antiproliferative effect on the cell cycle of this test system. We also found the presence of cellular aberrations such as colchicined metaphases, anaphasic and telophasic bridges, and micronuclei in the two exposure times for all concentrations evaluated. Therefore, under the conditions studied the concentrations of aqueous extracts of leaves of P. niruri showed to be cytotoxic and genotoxic.

Ultrasound screening and catamnesis of euploid fetuses with nasal bones aplasia/hypoplasia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Veropotvelyan, A.A. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Nasal Bones ◽  
Postnatal Outcome ◽  
Selection Of

Objective. To evaluate the pre- and postnatal outcomes of euploid fetuses with aplasia/hypoplasia of the nasal bones (NB). Methods. We have made the catamnestic monitoring of children with a normal karyotype, who had been prenatally detected NB aplasia or hypoplasia (less than 5 perentile) at 11–24 weeks of gestation at ultrasound screening in the period between 2006–2015 years. Our study included a selection of 242 fetuses with NB aplasia or hypoplasia, in 128 (52.8 %) of them the NB was not visualized or appeared as an echogenic dot only. Results. Among all 63 fetuses with NB aplasia (absence or looks as an echogenic dot) in the 1st trimester in 24 (38 %) cases chromosomal abnormalities (CA) were found (including T21 — 15 (62.5 %) cases). Other 39 (61.9 %) fetuses had a normal karyotype. Among 65 fetuses with NB aplasia, examined in the 2nd trimester of gestation 12 (18.4 %) cases of CA were detected (one fetus with T21 had the only one ultrasound marker – isolated NB aplasia), 53 (81.5 %) fetuses had a normal karyotype. 62 mothers of the euploid fetuses with NB aplasia had been surveyed. We have received and analyzed 31 (50 %) responses. In 16 cases of euploid fetuses with NB, aplasia pregnancy outcome was adverse or relatively unfavorable, only 5 (31.2 %) fetuses of them had isolated NB aplasia. In other cases healthy full-term infants were born, who showed normal height and weight indexes, physical and psychomotor development observed in age from 0 to 10. Conclusion. In 51.6 % fetuses and children prenatally had aplasia of the nasal bone was marked by unfavorable pre- or postnatal outcome, according to the survey of their mothers.

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Antibody-Drug Conjugates

Antibodies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugates ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Antibody Drug

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are biopharmaceutical products where a monoclonal antibody is linked to a biologically active drug (a small molecule) forming a conjugate. Since the approval of first ADC (Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (trade name: Mylotarg)) for the treatment of CD33-positive acute myelogenous leukemia, several ADCs have been developed for the treatment of cancer. The goal of an ADC as a cancer agent is to release the cytotoxic drug to kill the tumor cells without harming the normal or healthy cells. With time, it is being realized that ADCS can also be used to manage or cure other diseases such as inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and bacteremia and some research in this direction is ongoing. The focus of this review is on the clinical pharmacology aspects of ADC development. From the selection of an appropriate antibody to the finished product, the entire process of the development of an ADC is a difficult and challenging task. Clinical pharmacology is one of the most important tools of drug development since this tool helps in finding the optimum dose of a product, thus preserving the safety and efficacy of the product in a patient population. Unlike other small or large molecules where only one moiety and/or metabolite(s) is generally measured for the pharmacokinetic profiling, there are several moieties that need to be measured for characterizing the PK profiles of an ADC. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of clinical pharmacology of ADCs is vital for the selection of a safe and efficacious dose in a patient population.

STUDIES ON ACTH-BINDING ANTIBODIES: CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Aubert ◽  
J.-P. Felber
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Terminal Portion ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acth Fragments ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT In investigations on the production and the specificity of anti-ACTH antibodies used for radioimmunoassay, differences have been observed between the various antibodies obtained. It was shown by means of competitive inhibition with different ACTH fragments that the binding of the ACTH molecule to its antibody can occur at different sites along the ACTH peptide. By varying the concentrations of the fragments and the conditions of the assays, it was possible to study the properties of each antibody. Thus antibodies which bind the N-terminal portion, or which exclusively bind the biologically active part of the ACTH chain (1–20), are the most suitable for radioimmunoassay. It was found, however, that the production of antiserum was generally more frequent when binding occurred to the C-terminal portion of the ACTH peptide. Should the presence of such fragments in plasma be confirmed, then the use of these antisera could lead to erroneous measurement of biologically inactive ACTH fragments. Thus, this study reveals that a selection of the antibody for specificity might be necessary for its application to the radioimmunoassay of plasma ACTH, and that this selection could be performed with the use of ACTH fragments. An approach to the problem of binding sites between antigen and antibody has been described and the possibility of introducing a radioimmunoassay for plasma ACTH fragments discussed.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PREPARATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING COMPLEXES FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Zhorov ◽  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Combined Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Negative impact on the environment as a result of economic activity of man increasingly becomes the character of combined pollution of ecotoxicants, including xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature. In animal husbandry in ecologically unfavorable regions, sorbtion-detoxication technologies based on the complex application of bioprotective substances of different origin are used to reduce the intake and accumulation of xenobiotics, to normalize the physiological state of animals and to obtain safe products. It is necessary to observe certain principles ensuring compatibility of components, a wide range of bioprotective action, efficiency and safety at their use in developing the compositions of such sorption-detoxifying complexes. The article substantiates the criteria that should be followed in creating sorption-detoxifying complexes and presents groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action (sorbents, antioxidants, immunomodulators, adaptogens and other biologically active substances) for inclusion in the formulations of combined compositions.

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