scholarly journals Molecular and serological detection of Parietaria mottle virus in Phytolacca americana, a new host of the virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Giuseppe PARRELLA ◽  
Elisa TROIANO ◽  
Adriano STINCA ◽  
Maria Isabella POZZI
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Movement Protein Gene ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Parietaria Officinalis

Parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) is an emerging virus in Mediterranean countries, responsible for severe disease in tomato and pepper crops in the field and protected cultivation. The principal wild reservoir of PMoV is Parietaria officinalis, and only few additional wild plants have been described as natural reservoirs of the virus. During field survey in southern Italy, several plants of Phytolacca americana showing virus-like symptoms were collected. Serological and molecular assays showed that these plants were infected by PMoV. Sequence comparison of the movement protein gene of the PMoV isolate from P. americana showed the greatest similarity to the corresponding sequence from tomato plants growing nearby. These results indicate that P. ameriacana is a new natural host of PMoV, and further investigation is warranted to establish the potential of this host as reservoir of the virus in the field.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritive potential of Cichorium intybus L. leaves from Montenegro

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1141-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Jancic ◽  
Vanja Todorovic ◽  
Zorica Basic ◽  
Sladjana Sobajic
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Potential Sources

The leaves of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) plant have been used for centuries in Montenegro and other Mediterranean countries as a vegetable in salads, sauces and other types of appetizers and meals. The wild and cultivated chicory leaves from different location in Montenegro were analysed regarding several nutrients, major and trace element and vitamin composition using standard methods of analysis. The results of the study indicated that chicory leaves were rich in total dietary fiber and mineral content and had low energy value. Also, they were potential sources of useful nutrients such as potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and vitamin A, with the average content of 391.9, 164.7, 0.55, 2.33 and 0.47 mg / 100 g in fresh leaves, respectively. Wild plants were superior to the cultivated ones regarding carbohydrate, calcium and manganese content. Origin of the chicory leaves significantly influenced most of the analyzed parameters.

scholarly journals A60 Revealing the evolution of virulence in RNA viruses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Escalera-Zamudio ◽  
Bernardo Gutiérrez ◽  
Julien Thézé ◽  
Oliver G Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
New Host

Abstract A combination of high rates of mutation and replication, coupled with strong natural selection, ensures that RNA viruses experience rapid genotypic and phenotypic evolution. Such a ‘fast-forward’ evolution enables viruses to rapidly adapt to new host species, evade host immune responses, and to develop resistance to anti-viral drugs. Similarly, rapid evolution allows viruses to attain new levels of virulence, defined as the ability to cause severe disease in hosts. We hypothesize that distinct viral groups share genetic determinants that modulate virulence that have been acquired through convergent evolution. Thus, common patterns reflecting changing virulence-related specific viral groups could be detected. The main goals for this project are (1) to understand how genetic and phenotypic diversity can be generated among different viral groups by analyzing the variation patterns and determining the selective forces behind them (impact in viral fitness) and (2) to understand how fixed mutations can modulate virulence within different viral groups by performing comparison of strains with differing virulence within a longitudinal timescale. The subject of the study is key emerging and re-emerging virus families of medical importance. Such groups include: Coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronaviruses), Picornaviridae (Hepatitis A virus), Flaviviridae (Yellow fever, West Nile, Hepatitis C, Dengue, and Zika viruses), Togaviridae (Rubella and Chikungunya virus), Bornaviridae (Borna-disease virus), Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg viruses), Paramyxoviridae (Measles, Nipah, and Hendra viruses), Rhabdoviridae (Lyssaviruses), Arenaviridae (Lassa virus), Bunyaviridae (Hanta- and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses), and Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza A viruses). Viral genomes collected at different time points, different hosts (human and their most closely related animal reservoirs) and different locations will be compiled. Extensive molecular evolutionary analyses will be carried out to infer gene expansion/contraction within groups, rates of evolution, and changes in selection pressure, including the detection of positive selected genes and sites (adaptive evolution). Positively selected sites will be mapped onto the viral protein structures to reveal their impact on function, and hence the location of potential virulence determinants. Virulence changes among particular viral strains and types will be defined and measured according to definitions based on an increase in: (1) transmissibility, (2) host tropism, (3) immune evasion, (4) morbidity and mortality, (5) drug resistance, and by the incorporation of epidemiological data to determine whether high or low virulence strains within different hosts and localities are spreading most efficiently in nature.

Capsicum annuum- a new host of Parietaria mottle virus in Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Janssen ◽  
E. Saez ◽  
E. Segundo ◽  
G. Martin ◽  
F. Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
New Host

scholarly journals METODE PENAPISAN CABAI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP CHILLI VEINAL MOTTLE VIRUS (Chi VMV) DAN CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Latifah Latifah ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Sriani Sujiprihati
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

Screening Method for Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus  (Chi VMV) and Cucumber Mosaic Virus  (CMV) Resistance in Chillipepper.  ChiVMV and CMV have been reported as the causal agents of main diseases in chillipepper in Indonesia and other Asian countries.  Mix infection of this two viruses was commonly occurred in the field, causing severe disease .  The use of resistance varieties has been proposed for dealing with the yield losses causing by  the viruses.  Breeding program is undergoing for development of chillipepper varieties resistant to ChiVMV and CMV.  Methodology for routine screening activity of chillipepper for resistance to both ChiVMV and CMV needs to be established. This research was conducted in Cikabayan Glass House and Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural University from May 2006 to June 2007. Aim of the research was to develop screening method for simultaneous infection by the two viruses, ChiVMV and CMV.  Inoculation of ChiVMV and CMV was done by single inoculation or repetitive inoculation methods.  In both methods, ChiVMV and CMV were inoculated in different sequences, either ChiVMV or CMV first.  The result showed that incubation period was shorter when CMV was inoculated in advance both in single and repetitive inoculation method.  Mosaic, mottle and malformation type symptom was observed in infected plants. Based on disease incidence, infection of ChiVMV was higher compared to CMV in repetitive inoculation as well as in single inoculation.  Repetitive inoculation methods with virus sequence ChiVMV-CMV-ChiVMV-CMV  was selected for resistance evaluation of chillipepper genotypes.

scholarly journals Diversity and Host Plants of Tephritidae From Two Islands of the Comoro Archipelago (Grande-Comore and Moheli).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KASSIM Bakar ◽  
Turgay ÜSTÜNER
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
New Host ◽  
Grande Comore ◽  
Fruit Plants

Abstract This paper summarizes the different host plants and fruit flies present in two islands (Grande-Comore and Mohéli) of the Comoros Archipelago. Different exotic and wild fruit plants were sampled. Eighty plant species, potential hosts, belonging to thirty-four families were collected and incubated for the emergence of fruit flies from December 2019 to September 2020. Twenty-five plant hosts from ten families comprising cultivated and wild fruits have been identified. Fruit fly infestation rates per kilogram of fruit (T.Kg-1 ) varied from plant to plant. Exotic fruit plants, which accounted for more than half of infested plants, including Cucumis melo, Cucurbita pepo, Prunus persica, Coffea arabica and Capsicum frutescens had high infestation rates. For wild plants, the highest infestation rates have been observed in some families including Combretaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Vitaceae. The highest infestation rate per kilogram of fruit was observed in a wild plant: Cyphostemma lageniflorum. Thirteen new host plants infested by Tephritidae are reported and/or listed for the first time in Comoros. In total, eight species of fruit flies identified. However, the species Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, 1912 (47.5%) and Dacus bivittatus (Bigot, 1858) (37.6%) were the most representative of the Tephritidae that emerged.

Differential symptom development and viral RNA loads in ten Nicotiana benthamiana accessions infected with the tobamovirus yellow tailflower mild mottle virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Xu ◽  
Yuxia Guo ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Michael G.K. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Systemic Hypersensitivity ◽  
Rna Polymerase 1

Yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV, genus Tobamovirus) was identified from wild plants of solanaceous species in Australia. Nicotiana benthamiana is a species indigenous to the arid north of Australia. N. benthamiana accession RA-4 or the ‘lab’ type, which has a mutant, functionally-defective, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (Rdr1) gene (Nb-Rdr1m), has played a significant role in plant virology, but little study has been done on responses to virus infection by other accessions of N. benthamiana. All wild-collected N. benthamiana accessions used in this study harboured wild-type Rdr1 genes (Nb-Rdr1). We compared symptoms of YTMMV infection and viral RNA load on RA-4 and nine wild-collected accessions of N. benthamiana from mainland Western Australia, an island, and the Northern Territory. After inoculation with YTMMV, RA-4 plants responded with systemic hypersensitivity and all individuals were dead 35 days post-inoculation (dpi). Plants of wild-collected accessions exhibited a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and some, but not all, individuals died in the same period. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that the Rdr1 mutation was not a predictor of viral RNA load or symptom severity. For example, wild-collected A019412 plants carried over twice the viral RNA load of RA-4 plants, but symptom expression was moderate. For plants of most accessions, viral RNA load did not increase after 10 dpi. The exception was plants of accession Barrow-1, where viral RNA load was low until 15 dpi, after which it increased over 29-fold. This study revealed differential responses by N. benthamiana accessions to infection by an isolate of YTMMV. The Rdr1 gene, whether mutant or wild-type, did not appear to influence viral RNA load or disease expression. Genetic diversity of the ten N. benthamiana lines in some cases reflected geographical location, but in other lines this was not so.

New distribution and molecular diversity of the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus macrosoma Dasgupta, Raski and Sher, 1968 (Nematoda: Rotylenchulinae) in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
A. Archidona-Yuste ◽  
C. Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
A. Azpilicueta ◽  
A. SABORIDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
New Host ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Reniform Nematodes ◽  
New Host Species

Reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus are semiendoparasites of numerous herbaceous and woody plant roots and occur largely in regions with temperate, subtropical and tropical climates. In this study, we provide new records of the nematode R. macrosoma in eight European countries (Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Serbia and Portugal), in addition to the six Mediterranean countries (Greece, Israel, Jordan, Spain, Syria, and Turkey) where it has previously been reported. Four new host species (corn, pea, wheat and an almond-peach hybrid rootstock) are added to the recorded host species (bean, chickpea, hazelnut, peanut, soybean, wild and cultivated olive). Molecular analyses based on the coxI and D2-D3 segments of 28S RNA markers showed high diversity and pronounced genetic structure of populations of R. macrosoma. However, the complexity of phylogeographic patterns in plant-parasitic nematodes may be related to the intrinsic heterogeneity in the distribution of soil organisms, a rare occurrence of a species, or the potential human impact associated with agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Pepper mottle virus Causing Disease in Chile Peppers in Southern New Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodríguez-Alvarado ◽  
S. Fernandez-Pavia ◽  
R. Creamer ◽  
C. Liddell
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Chile Peppers

The primary pepper producing areas of southern New Mexico were surveyed to identify the viruses causing severe disease in chile peppers over a 2-year period. The survey included weeds commonly found in and around pepper fields. Using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) was associated with plants showing mosaic and distortion of foliage and fruit deformation. PepMoV and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were determined based on ELISA to be infecting chile peppers and weeds singly or in combination. Four perennial plant species were infected with PepMoV and CMV, including Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade), Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed), and Chamysuraces sp. (small groundcherry), which had not previously been identified as hosts for PepMoV. Some peppers and weeds surveyed were also infected at a lower level by several other plant viruses.

scholarly journals A Case ofBrucellaEndocarditis in Association with Subclavian Artery Thrombosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Colomba ◽  
Lucia Siracusa ◽  
Raffaella Rubino ◽  
Marcello Trizzino ◽  
Francesco Scarlata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Artery Thrombosis ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Brucellosis is a common zoonosis, endemic in Mediterranean countries, and caused by bacteria ofBrucellagenus. Brucellosis is a systemic infection and the clinical presentation varies widely from asymptomatic and mild to severe disease. Cardiovascular complications are extremely rare. We present a case of arterial thrombosis in a previously healthy young patient withBrucellaendocarditis. Careful attention must be paid to any sign or symptom of thrombosis in patients affected by brucellosis, regardless of the presence of endocarditis and cardiovascular risk factors.

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