Exploring Evidence-Based Management in Military Planning Processes as a Critically Appraised Topic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McCullin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
Business Source Premier ◽  
Planning Processes

This study uses a critically appraised topic (CAT) to explore the potential of integrating evidence-based management (EBMgt) and military judgment and decision-making (MJDM). The study uses the five focus areas of the Commandant’s Planning Guidance: 38th Commandant of the Marine Corps to search scholarly databases such as the ABI/INFORM Collection from ProQuest and Business Source Premier from EBSCO. The search process was conducted using a research question variable synthesis (RQVS), introduced specifically for this study by the author. The RQVS applied to each of the Commandant’s five priority focus areas in separate inquiries, producing five separate data sets. The RQVS is a search enhancement methodology developed by the author. This methodology improves the linkage between the search process and the research question (RQ) and enhances rigor and transparency of the overall study. The key findings are that there is sufficient scholarship to address problem areas in each of the Commandant’s five priority focus areas. This study demonstrates that an integration of EBMgt and MJDM is both feasible and pragmatic.

The Integration of the Evidence-Based Framework and Military Judgment and Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. McCullin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
Operational Art ◽  
Subject Matter Expertise ◽  
Stakeholder Input ◽  
Defense Planning

This article is the second in a four-part series that discusses the integration of evidence-based framework and military judgment and decision-making (MJDM). The series is written as a conceptualization and implementation of the presidential memorandum on restoring faith in government dated 27 January 2021. The focus of the series is on integrating the evidence-based framework into defense planning and decision-making as an operational art. The series frames this integration in terms of basing decisions on the best evidence in four categories: subject matter expertise, stakeholder input, organizational data, and scholarship. It also recognizes that scholarship is the single component within the evidence-based framework not currently integrated into military planning.

scholarly journals The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mamédio da Costa Santos ◽  
Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos Pimenta ◽  
Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Evidence based practice is the use of the best scientific evidence to support the clinical decision making. The identification of the best evidence requires the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature. This article describes the use of the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question and bibliographical search.

Are Home Care Programs Cost-Effective? A Systematic Review of the Literature

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

The cost-effectiveness of home care programs and services is an important area of health care research given the recent growth and continuing trend in home health care, the current state of health care reform in Canada, and changing demographics in Canada. Home care programs often proceed with little evidence-based decision-making. Increased demand for evidence-based decision-making is apparent in not only clinical settings, but also in policy environments thus creating a need for more research in this area. There are presently very few rigorous studies on the cost-effectiveness of home care programs. This systematic literature review addresses the research question, “What is the relationship between cost-consequence evidence and policy implications within the home care context?” The findings are not surprising. They include mixed results and indicate that cost-effectiveness of home care programs is an important area to study in spite of the many challenges. The challenges presented must be acknowledged and addressed in order to produce better research designs in future studies.

scholarly journals Documentary Practices of Hospital Librarians in Evidence-based Medicine: the Example of Health Technology Assessment in Swedish Healthcare

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ahlryd ◽  
Fredrik Hanell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Based Medicine

Today’s healthcare rely on a basis of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and in modern healthcare there are demands for rational decision-making about new methods, technology and treatments. HTA (Health Technology Assessment) supports decision-making in healthcare and in this study we turn to documentary practices of hospital librarians in HTA, as well as how documentary practices shape and are shaped by the work and roles of hospital librarians. Five central documentary practices were identified as initial searching, negotiating a search strategy, the main searching, making a selection, and documenting the search process. These practices construct the work and roles of hospital librarians through different documents, for example formal guidelines for systematic reviews and various tools used for searching, selecting and documenting the search process.

scholarly journals Policy-Related Decision Making in a Smart City Context: The PoliVisu Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yannis Charalabidis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

AbstractDealing with the growing quest for better governance, the advancement of ICT provides new methods and tools to politicians and their cabinets on an almost daily basis. In this changing landscape, the PoliVisu project constitutes a step forward from the evidence-based decision making, going towards an experimental approach supported by the large variety of available data sets. Through utilizing advanced data gathering, processing and visualisation techniques, the PoliVisu platform is one of the most recent integrated examples promoting the experimental dimension of policy making at a municipal and regional level.

A Comparative Study of Data Cleaning Tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Oni ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Susan Hoban ◽  
Onimi Jademi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Analyst ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tools And Techniques

In the information era, data is crucial in decision making. Most data sets contain impurities that need to be weeded out before any meaningful decision can be made from the data. Hence, data cleaning is essential and often takes more than 80 percent of time and resources of the data analyst. Adequate tools and techniques must be used for data cleaning. There exist a lot of data cleaning tools but it is unclear how to choose them in various situations. This research aims at helping researchers and organizations choose the right tools for data cleaning. This article conducts a comparative study of four commonly used data cleaning tools on two real data sets and answers the research question of which tool will be useful based on different scenario.

scholarly journals Judgment and decision-making in clinical dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052097287
Author(s):  
Liviu Feller ◽  
Johan Lemmer ◽  
Mbulaheni Simon Nemutandani ◽  
Raoul Ballyram ◽  
Razia Abdool Gafaar Khammissa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Conferences And Congresses

The development of clinical judgment and decision-making skills is complex, requiring clinicians—whether students, novices, or experienced practitioners—to correlate information from their own experience; from discussions with colleagues; from attending professional meetings, conferences and congresses; and from studying the current literature. Feedback from treated cases will consolidate retention in memory of the complexities and management of past cases, and the conversion of this knowledge base into daily clinical practice. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss factors related to clinical judgment and decision-making in clinical dentistry and how both narrative, intuitive, evidence-based data-driven information and statistical approaches contribute to the global process of gaining clinical expertise.

scholarly journals Paucity and disparity of publicly available sex-disaggregated data for the COVID-19 epidemic hamper evidence-based decision-making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Kocher ◽  
Arthur Délot-Vilain ◽  
D’Andre Spencer ◽  
Jonathan LoTempio ◽  
Emmanuèle C. Délot
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Gender Role Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disaggregated Data

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 has joined the long list of human disorders with sexually dimorphic expression. Increased lethality in men was evident in the first large reports from ChinaCDC and WHO-China, and the gender gap appeared even wider in the early Italian outbreak. Newspapers and scientific journals alike have commented on this finding and the preexisting conditions, biological processes, and gender role behavior differences that may underlie it. However, as for other diseases, and in spite of years of advocating for the collection of raw epidemiological data and the analysis of clinical trial data sets by sex, very little appeared to be released about sex differences in characteristics of the epidemics beyond infection and death rates, such as severity of disease, comorbidities, rate of recovery, length of hospital stay, or number of tests for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. These data are critical not only for scientists to understand the pathophysiology of disease, but also to inform decision-making by countries and healthcare systems on how to prioritize testing and best allocate scarce resources and relief funds.Systematic analysis of official websites for the 20 countries and 6 US states reporting the highest number of cases on March 21, 2020, revealed a wide disparity in sex-disaggregated data made available to the public and scholars. Only a handful of the countries reported cases by sex separately. None of the other characteristics, including fatality rates, were stratified by sex at the time. Beyond suboptimal sex disaggregation, our analysis found a paucity of usable raw data sets and a generalized lack of standardization of captured data, making comparisons difficult. A second round of data capture in April found more complete, but even more disparate, information.Our analysis revealed a wide range of sex ratios among confirmed cases, which changed over time. In countries where a male-biased sex ratio was initially reported, the reported proportion of women among cases dramatically increased in under 3 weeks. In contrast, men were consistently over-represented in severe cases, intensive care admissions, and deaths. We also show that the sex ratio varies with age, with a complex pattern, reproduced across the 6 countries for which data were found.Accurate, peer-reviewed, statistical analysis of harmonized, sex-disaggregated data for other characteristics of epidemics, such as availability of testing, suspected source of infection, or comorbidities will be critical to understand where the observed disparities come from and to generate evidence-based recommendations for decision-making by institutions and governments around the world.

Abstraction: An alternative neurocognitive account of recognition, prediction, and decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie F. Reyna ◽  
David A. Broniatowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Technical Systems

Abstract Gilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature on abstraction, representational diversity, neurocognition, and psychopathology that provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.

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