scholarly journals As incursões da China na América Latina e Atlântico Sul/China’s incursions in Latin America and the South Atlantic

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Paulo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
The South ◽  
America South ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
America Latina

Resumo: Este artigo visa contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a importância da América Latina e do Atlântico Sul no quadro da Nova Rota da Seda da China. O principal argumento reside no fato de existirem vários interesses logísticos, econômicos, bem como securitários, que explicam o interesse de Pequim nestas duas regiões, menos estudadas em comparação com outras áreas onde a Nova Rota da Seda chinesa é mais ativa. O método qualitativo, através da análise hermenêutica, é a metodologia em que se assenta a presente investigação. A partir da análise desenvolvida, são elaboradas algumas críticas e sugestões geoestratégicas ao Governo chinês, a fim de explorar melhor as oportunidades e benefícios que o Atlântico Sul pode apresentar para a Nova Rota da Seda chinesa, inspirados pela crença de que o século XXI não será necessariamente um ‘século Pacífico’, pode muito bem ser Atlântico. Quanto à América Latina, considera-se pertinente a busca da China por ampliar seu soft power e transparência a fim de evitar ou mitigar suspeitas sobre alguns dos seus projetos na região. Palavras-chave: China, Nova Rota da Seda, América Latina, Atlântico Sul. Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to increase knowledge about the importance of Latin America and the South Atlantic within the framework of China’s New Silk Road. The central argument is that there are several logistic, economic, as well as security interests which explain Beijing’s interests in these two regions, less studied in comparison to other areas where China’s New Silk Road is more active. The qualitative method, through the hermeneutic analysis, is the methodology supporting this investigation. In the end, we address several geostrategic recommendations to the Chinese Government, in order to better exploit the opportunities and benefits that the South Atlantic may present to China’s New Silk Road, inspired by the belief that the 21st century will not necessarily be a ‘Pacific century’, it may well be an Atlantic one. As for Latin America, we strongly recommend that China improves its soft power and transparency in order to avoid or mitigate suspicion about some of its projects in the region.Keywords: China, New Silk Road, Latin America, South Atlantic.

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DO CAPITAL E AÇÕES DOS ESTADOS NACIONAIS NA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202101
Author(s):  
Thais Virga ◽  
Humberto Miranda do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
South American ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Economic Actor ◽  
America Latina

CAPITAL EXPANSION AND ACTIONS BY NATIONAL STATES IN THE GRAND AMAZONIA (2000-2019): impacts and impassesEXPANSIÓN DE CAPITAL Y ACCIONES DE LOS ESTADOS NACIONALES EN LA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impassesRESUMOA emergência da China como ator econômico global no limiar do século XXI impactou diretamente na consolidação e ampliação de novos e velhos centros de extração e produção agromineral em grande parte da América Latina. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, discutir sobre relevantes impactos dos investimentos chineses na Gran Amazonía no período 2000-2019 e mostrar como os Estados nacionais sul-americanos contribuíram para incrementar as frentes de expansão neste imenso espaço subcontinental. Como metodologia, apresenta-se o levantamento mais recente sobre as principais frentes de expansão do capital nos países da Gran Amazonía, com base em dados de pesquisa de campo, consultas a instituições governamentais, não governamentais, empresariais e outras organizações civis, além de bibliografia atualizada. Conclui-se que a expansão do capital chinês sobre toda a Gran Amazonía foi produto de uma relação consensual com os Estados Nacionais, gerando oportunidades econômicas, porém, com importantes implicações socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Expansão do Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Ação dos Países Sul-americanos.ABSTRACTThe emergence of China as a global economic actor on the threshold of the 21st century had a direct impact on the consolidation and expansion of new and old centers of extraction and agromineral production in much of Latin America. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevant impacts of Chinese investments in Gran Amazonía in the period 2000-2019 and to show how the South American national states contributed to the expansion fronts in this immense subcontinental space. As a methodology, the most recent survey on the main fronts of capital expansion in the countries of Gran Amazonía is presented, based on data from field research, consultations with governmental, non-governmental, business and other civil organizations, in addition to updated bibliography. It is concluded that the expansion of Chinese capital over the whole of Gran Amazonía was the product of a consensual relationship with the National States, generating economic opportunities, however, with important socio-environmental implications.Keywords: Capital Expansion (China); Gran Amazonía; Action by South American Countries.RESUMENEl surgimiento de China como actor económico global en el umbral del siglo XXI tuvo un impacto directo en la consolidación y expansión de nuevos y viejos centros de extracción y producción agromineral en gran parte de América Latina. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los impactos relevantes de las inversiones chinas en la Gran Amazonía en el período 2000-2019 y mostrar cómo los estados nacionales sudamericanos contribuyeron a los frentes de expansión en este inmenso espacio subcontinental. Como metodología se presenta la encuesta más reciente sobre los principales frentes de expansión de capital en los países de la Gran Amazonía, con base en datos de investigaciones de campo, consultas con organizaciones gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, empresariales y otras organizaciones civiles, además de bibliografía actualizada. Se concluye que la expansión del capital chino por toda la Gran Amazonía fue producto de una relación consensuada con los Estados Nacionales, generando oportunidades económicas, sin embargo, con importantes implicaciones socioambientales.Palabras clave: Expansión de Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Acción de Países Sudamericanos.

scholarly journals Editorial

Collectivus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Adriano Díez Jiménez ◽  
Adriana Consuegra Ascanio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Panoramic Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Different Parts

Este nuevo número de la revista Collectivus, presenta una gran diversidad en los temas abordados en cada uno de los artículos trabajados por autores desde distintas partes del Cono Sur, de modo que, el volumen 4, número 2 ofrece una visión panorámica en la comprensión de los contextos y fenómenos sociales que confluyen en el escenario sudamericano, acompañada de un ejercicio reflexivo profundo y pertinente acerca de la realidad social en América Latina. AbstractThis new issue of the magazine Collectivus, presents a great diversity in the topics addressed in each of the articles worked by authors from different parts of the Southern Cone, so that, volume 4, number 2 offers a panoramic vision in the understanding of the contexts and social phenomena that converge in the South American scenario, accompanied by a deep and pertinent reflective exercise about the social reality in Latin America. 

The Cycle of Dependency 50 Years Later

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110184
Author(s):  
Claudio Katz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
State Income ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

Dependency theory faces a new scenario in Latin America, with cycles and crises impacting a weakened industry and fragmented consumption. The primacy of agricultural and mining exports contributes to imbalances in all models, while, in contrast to the South Korean case, the exploitation of the workforce has been more decisive than the commercial opening. The relationship with China recreates patterns of subordination, and there is no state income management such as is seen in other countries. Geopolitical action has contradictory effects on development, and ruling classes, bureaucracies, and governments act under severe conditioning. A general reconsideration of Marxist dependency theory points to a way in which it can be revived and expanded. La teoría de la dependencia afronta otro escenario en América Latina. Los ciclos y crisis impactan sobre una industria debilitada y un consumo fragmentado. La primacía de la exportación agro-minera potencia los desequilibrios en todos los modelos.La explotación de la fuerza de trabajo ha sido más determinante que la apertura comercial en el contraste con Corea del Sur. La relación con China recrea subordinaciones y no existe el manejo estatal de la renta que se observa en otros países. La acción geopolítica tiene efectos contradictorios sobre el desarrollo. Clases dominantes, burocracias y gobiernos actúan bajo severos condicionamientos. Una reconsideración general indica cómo renovar y ampliar el dependentismo marxista.

scholarly journals Main Sources of Chinese "Soft Power" in Latin America in the Modern Era

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
M. I. Garbart
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Latin American Countries

The article covers the fundamentals of Chinese "soft power" in Latin America. "Soft power" now takes an important place in Chinese foreign strategy, both the international level and in Latin America. The author describes the main features of international relations between China and Latin-American countries. The paper focuses on the main sources of formation of positive image of China in the region. The study revealed that Chinese "soft power" has significantly strengthened in the region in recent years. At the same time, the author notes that it is still much weaker than that of the USA. In modern conditions, Chinese government is likely to seek more active application of new forms of international cooperation, promotion of "soft power" being one of them. The methodology of the research was based on the systematic approach, which means considering Chinese "soft power" as a part of the whole foreign policy of China. Theoretical and practical relevance of the study consists in that fact that it creates a basis for further research on this issue. The results can be used to forecast the development of Chinese foreign policy strategy, as well as to study the complex of relations between China and Latin American states.

The African Slave Trade and the Construction of the Iberian Atlantic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe de Alencastro
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
African Slave ◽  
History Of

Scholarly studies of the colonization of the Americas—especially of Latin America—have tended to minimize the role played by Africans and the African slave trade, treating the history of conquest and colonialism as a story of inevitable European domination of the hemisphere. However, from the sixteenth through the eighteenth century, colonialism in the Americas depended upon the exportation of slaves from Africa, a massive undertaking that was supported not only by Iberian Royal families but also by convoluted ideological and theological justifications elaborated by legal and religious scholars. During this period, Portugal dominated the slave trade, raiding its colonies in Southern Africa to supply its plantations (many run by Jesuits) in South America. In this sense, the story of the South Atlantic is a story of encounters and exchanges between Africa and the Americas.

scholarly journals IN SEARCH OF A THEORY FOR SUPPORTING RESISTANCE TO PREDATORY NEOLIBERALISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Suranjit Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
National Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Order ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
America Latina

This text deals with the search of fundamentals to the south-south research about the key-problems of the emerging configurations of a new and multipolar world order. Highlights two main questions: if the neoliberal orthodox in its various forms is to be effectively challenged and if the predatory policies resulting from it should be reverted. It starts ofthe perspective that is necessary an alternative paradigm of development, clearly enounced, which reinforces the national identity in Latin America, India and the rest of the world in development. Such paradigm should favour the construction of mix and inclusives cultures able to create the sense of solidarity among great masses located in extensive areas with the objective to unblock, free and mobilize resistance against the predatory neoliberalism in the 21st centuryKeywords: Neoliberalismo, resistance, national identityEM BUSCA DE UMA TEORIA PARA AJUDAR A RESISTÊNCIA AO NEOLIBERALISMO PREDATÓRIO NO SÉCULO XXIResumo: O texto trata da busca de fundamentos para a pesquisa sul-sul sobre os problemas- chave das configurações emergentes de uma nova e multipolar ordem mundial. Destaca duas questões centrais : se o neoliberal ortodoxo em suas formas variadas é para ser efetivamente desafiado e se as políticas predatórias daí resultantes devem ser revertidas. Parte da perspectiva de que é necessário um paradigma alternativo de desenvolvimento, claramente enunciado, que reforce aidentidade nacional na América Latina, Índia e o resto do mundo em desenvolvimento. Tal paradigma deve favorecer a construção de culturas mistas e inclusivas capazes de criar senso de solidariedade entre grandes massas situadas em extensas áreas com vista a desbloquear, libertar e mobilizar resistência contra o neoliberalismo predatório no século XXIPalavras-chave: Neoliberalismo, resistência, identidade nacional

scholarly journals Mudanças de Medellín pendentes 50 anos depois

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agenor Brighenti
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The South ◽  
New Evangelization ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The World ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
The Church ◽  
New Time

As Conclusões de Medellín continuam relevantes para os dias atuais, não só porque o mundo dos pobres mudou muito pouco nestes 50 anos, mas, sobretudo, porque suas intuições básicas e mudanças principais, em grande medida, continuam pendentes de uma implementação mais consequente. Entre elas estão: situar-se no reverso da história, a periferia como o centro da Igreja, de uma Igreja para os pobres a uma pobre, em tempo novo uma nova evangelização, a salvação como libertação integral, a injustiça institucionalizada como pecado social e a diakonía histórica como profetismo. Depois de uma década de franco dinamismo e criatividade, a partir da década de 1980 também a Igreja na América Latina entrou num gradativo processo de “involução eclesial”, só interrompido com a Conferência de Aparecida e a eleição do Papa Francisco. Os “ventos que sopram do Sul” estão reacendendo as intuições de Medellín, guardadas zelosamente, mas pendentes de tempo favorável e terreno propício para continuar seu processo, que agora chegou.Palavras-chave: Medellín. Evangelização. Libertação. Pobres. Profetismo.Abstract: The Medellín Conclusions remain relevant to the present day, not only because the world of the poor has changed very little in these 50 years, but because their basic intuitions and main changes remain pending of a more consequent implementation. Among them there are: be situate on the reverse side of history, the periphery as the center of the Church, from a Church for the poor to a poor Church, in a new time a new evangelization, salvation as integral liberation, institutionalized injustice as social sin and historical diakonia as prophetism. After a decade of frank dynamism and creativity, since the 1980s, the Church in Latin America has also entered a gradual process of “ecclesial involution”, interrupted only by the Aparecida Conference and the election of Pope Francisco. The “winds that blow from the South” are rekindling Medellin’s intuitions, guarded zealously, but pending favorable weather and propitious ground to continue its process, which has now arrived.Key words: Medellin, Evangelization, Liberation, Poor, Prophecy

China in Latin America: South-South Cooperation with Chinese Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Vadell
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Chinese Model ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
America South ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Development Analysis

The central questions for a critical analysis of the economic relations between China and Latin America and the Caribbean countries since the beginning of the twenty-first century are how to interpret the changes in them since the end of the commodities boom and whether they have resulted in the emulation in these countries of the Chinese model of development. Analysis suggests that, although the Chinese presence was welcome during the turbulence of the 2001 economic crisis, relations with China are becoming increasingly complex and reflect the political and economic principles of South-South cooperation. Las preguntas centrales para un análisis crítico de las relaciones económicas entre China y los países de América Latina y el Caribe desde principios del siglo XXI son cómo interpretar los cambios en ellos desde el final del auge de los productos básicos y si han resultado en la emulación en estos países del modelo de desarrollo chino. El análisis sugiere que, aunque la presencia china fue bienvenida durante la turbulencia de la crisis económica de 2001, las relaciones con China son cada vez más complejas y reflejan los principios políticos y económicos de la cooperación Sur-Sur.

scholarly journals TYPES OF HEGEMONIC CRISIS AND THE QUESTION OF THE EMERGENCE OF AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES IN THE SOUTH OF LATIN AMERICA

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (1, 2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Francisco Panizza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The South ◽  
America Latina

Neste trabalho, o autor esboça um esquema teórico de sua pesquisa sobre o processo de deteriorização e colapso do sistema político uruguaio no contexto de emergência de outros regimes autoritários, no sul da América Latina. Com est objetivo: a) Estuda as análises econômicas de emergência daqueles regimes. b) Salienta a importância de distinguir entre condições de emergência dos regimes e sua subseqüente evolução. c) Propõe o conceito de hegemonia como o mais útil para análises das condições de emergência daqueles regimes. d) Introduz e discute o conceito de heqernonla e crise hegemônica. e) Relata modelos de hegemonia e de crises hegemônicas. MMB

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