The Cycle of Dependency 50 Years Later

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110184
Author(s):  
Claudio Katz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
State Income ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

Dependency theory faces a new scenario in Latin America, with cycles and crises impacting a weakened industry and fragmented consumption. The primacy of agricultural and mining exports contributes to imbalances in all models, while, in contrast to the South Korean case, the exploitation of the workforce has been more decisive than the commercial opening. The relationship with China recreates patterns of subordination, and there is no state income management such as is seen in other countries. Geopolitical action has contradictory effects on development, and ruling classes, bureaucracies, and governments act under severe conditioning. A general reconsideration of Marxist dependency theory points to a way in which it can be revived and expanded. La teoría de la dependencia afronta otro escenario en América Latina. Los ciclos y crisis impactan sobre una industria debilitada y un consumo fragmentado. La primacía de la exportación agro-minera potencia los desequilibrios en todos los modelos.La explotación de la fuerza de trabajo ha sido más determinante que la apertura comercial en el contraste con Corea del Sur. La relación con China recrea subordinaciones y no existe el manejo estatal de la renta que se observa en otros países. La acción geopolítica tiene efectos contradictorios sobre el desarrollo. Clases dominantes, burocracias y gobiernos actúan bajo severos condicionamientos. Una reconsideración general indica cómo renovar y ampliar el dependentismo marxista.

scholarly journals CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO Y DESIGUALDAD EN ASIA, EUROPA Y AMÉRICA LATINA, 1990-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (315) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Verónica Cerezo García ◽  
Heri Oscar Landa Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sample Set

<p>El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la liberalización comercial sobre la productividad, la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico, además de examinar la capacidad de absorción que este proceso ha concedido a los países ante choques externos, como el Covid-19. Empíricamente, tomamos pie en la taxonomía de crecimiento y desigualdad de Fajnzylber (1990) y en un modelo panel para evaluar esta relación en Asia, América Latina y Europa durante el periodo 1990-2019. Los principales resultados muestran: 1) co-movimiento entre crecimiento y equidad en Asia, mientras que en América Latina hay rezagos significativos, y 2) la productividad y la competitividad no precio constituyen el factor dinamizante en Asia y Europa.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INEQUALITY IN ASIA, EUROPE, AND LATIN AMERICA, 1990-2019</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The paper’s aim is to analyse the effect of trade liberalization on productivity, income distribution and economic growth. The ability of a free-market oriented economy to fence off an exogenous shock such as the Covid-19 pandemic is also dealt with. Following Fajnzylber’s (1990) taxonomy of growth and inequality, we assess the relationship between trade liberalisation, growth and income distribution for a sample set of Asian, Latin American, and European countries over the period 1990-2019. Our main empirical results show that there exist: 1) a co-movement between growth and equality in Asia, but significant lags in both respects prevail in Latin America; 2) productivity and non-price competitiveness are the dynamizing factors in both Asia and Europe</p>

scholarly journals As incursões da China na América Latina e Atlântico Sul/China’s incursions in Latin America and the South Atlantic

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Paulo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
The South ◽  
America South ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
America Latina

Resumo: Este artigo visa contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a importância da América Latina e do Atlântico Sul no quadro da Nova Rota da Seda da China. O principal argumento reside no fato de existirem vários interesses logísticos, econômicos, bem como securitários, que explicam o interesse de Pequim nestas duas regiões, menos estudadas em comparação com outras áreas onde a Nova Rota da Seda chinesa é mais ativa. O método qualitativo, através da análise hermenêutica, é a metodologia em que se assenta a presente investigação. A partir da análise desenvolvida, são elaboradas algumas críticas e sugestões geoestratégicas ao Governo chinês, a fim de explorar melhor as oportunidades e benefícios que o Atlântico Sul pode apresentar para a Nova Rota da Seda chinesa, inspirados pela crença de que o século XXI não será necessariamente um ‘século Pacífico’, pode muito bem ser Atlântico. Quanto à América Latina, considera-se pertinente a busca da China por ampliar seu soft power e transparência a fim de evitar ou mitigar suspeitas sobre alguns dos seus projetos na região. Palavras-chave: China, Nova Rota da Seda, América Latina, Atlântico Sul. Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to increase knowledge about the importance of Latin America and the South Atlantic within the framework of China’s New Silk Road. The central argument is that there are several logistic, economic, as well as security interests which explain Beijing’s interests in these two regions, less studied in comparison to other areas where China’s New Silk Road is more active. The qualitative method, through the hermeneutic analysis, is the methodology supporting this investigation. In the end, we address several geostrategic recommendations to the Chinese Government, in order to better exploit the opportunities and benefits that the South Atlantic may present to China’s New Silk Road, inspired by the belief that the 21st century will not necessarily be a ‘Pacific century’, it may well be an Atlantic one. As for Latin America, we strongly recommend that China improves its soft power and transparency in order to avoid or mitigate suspicion about some of its projects in the region.Keywords: China, New Silk Road, Latin America, South Atlantic.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance in South Korea: The Mediating Roles of Dynamic Capabilities and Corporate Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euncheon Lim ◽  
Dohyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
The South ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
South Korean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although a cumulative body of literature explains entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance, there remain differing views on the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of EO on firm performance by considering the roles of dynamic capabilities (DC) and corporate entrepreneurship (CE). We propose that DC and CE mediate the relationship between EO and firm performance, and our empirical results support these propositions. This study fills a gap in the literature on the EO–performance relationship by considering the linkages among disposition, capabilities, and activities in the South Korean context.

Church and State in Argentina

1945 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-417
Author(s):  
Peter Masten ◽  
S. J. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North American ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The South ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clear Thinking ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

So many books and articles have been written during the past several years about Argentina that there would seem to be little reason, at the present time, for adding another weight to the already over-burdened press. There is a phase, however, of Argentine development both of the past and of the present which has not received a great deal of consideration, and that is the relationship between Church and State in the republic of the South. Circumstances of the past help to explain conditions of the present. North Americans are inclined to judge of ecclesiastical conditions in Latin America according to a North American background. Such judgments cannot be correct because the background has been different. Perhaps then it will be an aid to clear thinking and just appraisal to try to throw a bit of light upon Argentina's ecclesiastical past that we may better understand Argentina's ecclesiastical present.

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DO CAPITAL E AÇÕES DOS ESTADOS NACIONAIS NA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202101
Author(s):  
Thais Virga ◽  
Humberto Miranda do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
South American ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Economic Actor ◽  
America Latina

CAPITAL EXPANSION AND ACTIONS BY NATIONAL STATES IN THE GRAND AMAZONIA (2000-2019): impacts and impassesEXPANSIÓN DE CAPITAL Y ACCIONES DE LOS ESTADOS NACIONALES EN LA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impassesRESUMOA emergência da China como ator econômico global no limiar do século XXI impactou diretamente na consolidação e ampliação de novos e velhos centros de extração e produção agromineral em grande parte da América Latina. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, discutir sobre relevantes impactos dos investimentos chineses na Gran Amazonía no período 2000-2019 e mostrar como os Estados nacionais sul-americanos contribuíram para incrementar as frentes de expansão neste imenso espaço subcontinental. Como metodologia, apresenta-se o levantamento mais recente sobre as principais frentes de expansão do capital nos países da Gran Amazonía, com base em dados de pesquisa de campo, consultas a instituições governamentais, não governamentais, empresariais e outras organizações civis, além de bibliografia atualizada. Conclui-se que a expansão do capital chinês sobre toda a Gran Amazonía foi produto de uma relação consensual com os Estados Nacionais, gerando oportunidades econômicas, porém, com importantes implicações socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Expansão do Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Ação dos Países Sul-americanos.ABSTRACTThe emergence of China as a global economic actor on the threshold of the 21st century had a direct impact on the consolidation and expansion of new and old centers of extraction and agromineral production in much of Latin America. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevant impacts of Chinese investments in Gran Amazonía in the period 2000-2019 and to show how the South American national states contributed to the expansion fronts in this immense subcontinental space. As a methodology, the most recent survey on the main fronts of capital expansion in the countries of Gran Amazonía is presented, based on data from field research, consultations with governmental, non-governmental, business and other civil organizations, in addition to updated bibliography. It is concluded that the expansion of Chinese capital over the whole of Gran Amazonía was the product of a consensual relationship with the National States, generating economic opportunities, however, with important socio-environmental implications.Keywords: Capital Expansion (China); Gran Amazonía; Action by South American Countries.RESUMENEl surgimiento de China como actor económico global en el umbral del siglo XXI tuvo un impacto directo en la consolidación y expansión de nuevos y viejos centros de extracción y producción agromineral en gran parte de América Latina. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los impactos relevantes de las inversiones chinas en la Gran Amazonía en el período 2000-2019 y mostrar cómo los estados nacionales sudamericanos contribuyeron a los frentes de expansión en este inmenso espacio subcontinental. Como metodología se presenta la encuesta más reciente sobre los principales frentes de expansión de capital en los países de la Gran Amazonía, con base en datos de investigaciones de campo, consultas con organizaciones gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, empresariales y otras organizaciones civiles, además de bibliografía actualizada. Se concluye que la expansión del capital chino por toda la Gran Amazonía fue producto de una relación consensuada con los Estados Nacionales, generando oportunidades económicas, sin embargo, con importantes implicaciones socioambientales.Palabras clave: Expansión de Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Acción de Países Sudamericanos.

scholarly journals Editorial

Collectivus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Adriano Díez Jiménez ◽  
Adriana Consuegra Ascanio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Panoramic Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Different Parts

Este nuevo número de la revista Collectivus, presenta una gran diversidad en los temas abordados en cada uno de los artículos trabajados por autores desde distintas partes del Cono Sur, de modo que, el volumen 4, número 2 ofrece una visión panorámica en la comprensión de los contextos y fenómenos sociales que confluyen en el escenario sudamericano, acompañada de un ejercicio reflexivo profundo y pertinente acerca de la realidad social en América Latina. AbstractThis new issue of the magazine Collectivus, presents a great diversity in the topics addressed in each of the articles worked by authors from different parts of the Southern Cone, so that, volume 4, number 2 offers a panoramic vision in the understanding of the contexts and social phenomena that converge in the South American scenario, accompanied by a deep and pertinent reflective exercise about the social reality in Latin America. 

scholarly journals Derechos Humanos Y Democracia: Algunas Tensiones Teóricas Y Progmáticas

Xihmai ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Mejí­a Zarazúa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Multinational Organizations ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship

      RESUMEN Se abordan algunos aspectos de la relación entre derechos humanos y democracia. Dicha relación es importante para establecer algunas "tensiones" tanto teóricas como prácticas en relación con su universalidad, con su concreción jurí­dica, con la actuación de organismos multinacionales, con la democracia en América Latina, el culturalismo y el universalismo alrededor de los derechos humanos y la población vulnerable respecto de estos derechos. Se menciona brevemente el caso de México y se finaliza mencionando la relación entre sociedad civil y el futuro de los derechos humanos. ABSTRACT The relationship between human rights and democracy is important in that it sheds light on some theoretical as well as practical "tensions" related to its universality, its legal application, the actions of multinational organizations, democracy in Latin America, the multiculturalism and universalism associated with human rights and the position of vulnerable populations with respect to these rights. The case of Mexico is mentioned briefly and the essay concludes with an overview of the relationship between civil society and human rights. 

scholarly journals The relationship between body mass index and poor self-rated health in the South Korean population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0219647
Author(s):  
Eun-Seok Sung ◽  
Chang Kyun Choi ◽  
Ji-An Jeong ◽  
Min-Ho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Relationship

“Seven Theses”: Notes by a Brazilian Translator in the Twenty-first Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Roberto Lima
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
First Century ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Belo Monte

Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s classic “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America” seems not only to have endured but to have gained explanatory power in relation to a variety of topics in Brazil today: the relationship between the middle class (and the elite) and the Southeastern states in the last election, the government’s options vis-à-vis major projects such as Belo Monte, the Workers’ Party advocates’ rhetoric in defense of the growth of the middle class, the disputes over the rights of indigenous peoples, and even the discourse of social movement leaders, co-opted by the Lula administration. Although the fourth thesis appears to have lost its strength, it still substantiates one of the key arguments in the text—that internal colonialism is critical for understanding Latin America. O clássico “Sete teses equivocadas sobre a América Latina,” de Rodolfo Stavenhagen, parece não somente ter resistido ao tempo, mas ter ganho capacidade explicativa em relação a uma variedade de tópicos no Brasil contemporâneo: o relacionamento entre a classe media (e a elite) e os estados do Sudeste na última eleição, as opções do governo vis-à-vis grandes projetos como Belo Monte, a retórica dos defensores do Partido dos Trabalhadores em defesa da ampliação da classe média, as disputas sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas, e até mesmo o discurso de líderes de movimentos sociais, estes últimos sob o controle do governo Lula. Mesmo que a quarta tese pareca ter perdido força, ela ainda corrobora um dos principais argumentos do texto: o colonialismo interno é fundamental para que se entenda a América Latina.

scholarly journals Las relaciones entre equidad y crecimiento y la nueva agenda para América latina

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Carrera Troyano ◽  
José Ignacio Antón
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Development Agendas ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios ocurridos en la teoría económica acerca de las relaciones entre equidad y crecimiento y su influencia sobre las nuevas agendas propuestas para el desarrollo de América Latina. Para ello se parte de la elipsis de las cuestiones distributivas en las recomendaciones de política económica formuladas en las décadas de 1980 y 1990, comenzando por el Consenso de Washington. A continuación se presentan las propuestas teóricas (y los ejercicios empíricos realizados a partir de ellas) que analizan el nexo entre crecimiento y desigualdad y que ponen en cuestión la existencia de una «curva de Kuznets». También se exponen los distintos postulados sobre el efecto que la desigualdad tiene sobre el crecimiento económico y se abordan los cambios en la teoría del crecimiento y los resultados de los ejercicios empíricos que han llevado a la consolidación de una relación negativa entre desigualdad y crecimiento. Finalmente se analiza el impacto de estos cambios sobre las propuestas de política económica que se han realizado en los últimos años para renovar la agenda latinoamericana.ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyse the changes in economic theory regarding the relationship between equity and growth and their influence on the development agendas proposed for Latin America. We departed from the ellipsis of distributional issues in the advised economic policies formulated in the 80s and 90s, beginning with the Washington Consensus. Then, the theoretical proposals (and the corresponding empirical evidence) that analyse the nexus between growth and equity and that question the existence of the «Kuznets Curve» are presented.

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