The Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) and Internal Auditors’ Independence in the Saudi Listed Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1A) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Listed Companies ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Threat Theory

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effect of prejudice on the attitude of the auditee toward the internal auditors’ independence in Saudi Corporations. This study adopted the definitions of prejudice put forward by Allport (1954) and Stephan & Stephan (1996) as negative attitudes or evaluations held towards a particular group because of certain characteristics that the group possesses. The Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) developed by Stephan et al. (1996) postulates that prejudice is a conflict that negatively influences out-group attitudes. Using a sample of 210 participants from the Saudi Corporations, three models were developed, and the results indicate that auditee staff will develop prejudice when they become wary about internal auditors and their reports, a result that supports the literature in this regard. In addition, the results indicate that when the managers become anxious due to threats, they also become worried about the auditor’s independence. Besides, the management will feel real threat from the internal auditor. Keywords: Internal Auditing, Prejudice, Integrated Threat Theory, Auditor Independence, Conflict, Auditing Behavioural.

scholarly journals The responsibility of the internal auditor in managing the risk of HIV/AIDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
P Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Business Community ◽  
World Population ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS is not only a risk to the world population, it is potentially devastating to individual organisations. According to the King Report on Corporate Governance, as well as other governance reports world-wide, risk management is primarily the responsibility of the board and senior management. The internal auditor however, has a responsibility to assist management with this task. This paper aims to determine whether internal auditors are aware of the potential threat that HIV/AIDS holds for their organisations. If ignorance is found to be widespread, recommendations are made to the Institute of Internal Auditors to make their members aware.  If awareness is found to be adequate, the paper aims to determine whether internal auditing departments in various sectors of the South African business community are complying with this responsibility.

scholarly journals THE FACTORS THAT EFFECT ON INTERNAL AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE IN THE ACEH BANKING SECTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Dwi Meilvi Nasvita
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Management Intervention

This study aimed to examine the factors that effect on internal auditor independence of the internal auditor, namely the competence of internal auditors, management intervention, employee participation and regulation of the company. The sample of this research is internal auditing staff at banks of Aceh. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that all factors have influences on the independence of internal auditor, simultaneously or partially. While auditor competence, employee participation, and company regulation have positive influence, management intervention has a negative influence on the independence of the internal auditors.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF RISK ASSESSMENT BY INTERNAL AUDITOR ON EFFECTIVENESS OF LISTED COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Test Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Corporate Failure ◽  
Emerging Risk

Past studies focused on the role of internal auditors in fraud prevention and internal auditing in relation to good corporate governance and did not explore risk assessment by internal auditor for effectiveness in an organisation with the view to prevent corporate failure. This study investigated the effect of risk assessment by internal auditor on effectiveness of listed companies in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 24 companies selected from the eleven industrial sub-sectors of the 161 listed companies on Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 30th November, 2019. The sample frame is 5012 and sample size of 501 (comprising 401 internal auditors and 100 top management staff) representing 10% of the population. Structured questionnaire with a five point Likert – scale was administered with 87.43% response rate. Random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the 24 companies with each chosen company representing each sector. The research instrument was subjected to content validity and test and re-test method of reliability which yield Cronbach alpha value of 0.798. Result indicated that risk assessment (RA) by internal auditors has positive effect on effectiveness (EFFTV) of listed companies in Nigeria with β = 0.194, t (438) = 9.827, p<0.05. F-Statistics of 12.653; Adjusted R2 = 0.051 with p – value of 0.000 which is statistically significant at p < 0.05. Therefore, companies’ management are advised to strengthen the internal auditors in the assessment of risk that might impact on the effectiveness of an organisation to be able to avert organisational emerging risk.

scholarly journals The effects of human resources in internal audit on external audit pricing decision

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Moon Kyung Cho
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
General Internal

This study presents evidence that external audit fees are negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of general internal auditors. Further, external audit hours are negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of general auditors without affecting external unit audit price. In addition, the results of the data adjusted for firm size suggest that audit fees and audit hours decrease for smaller firms as the proportion of general internal auditor increases. The result implies that both small firms and their external auditors are encouraged to utilize more general internal auditors in performing an external audit. The author finds no evidence that external audit fees are associated with internal auditor expertise or experience. This shows that external auditors are not likely to rely on internal auditors’ professional judgment in performing an external audit due to reduced auditor independence.

Audit Committee Composition, “Gray Directors,” and Interaction with Internal Auditing

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Raghunandan ◽  
Dasaratha V. Rama ◽  
William J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Blue Ribbon ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Governance Process

The functioning of corporate audit committees was criticized in recent years by the Treadway Commission, the Public Oversight Board, the Kirk Panel, and the SEC Chairman. In response, the NYSE and NASD sponsored the Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC) on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees. The BRC Report includes recommendations aimed at strengthening director independence and qualifications, and highlights the role of internal auditors in assisting audit committees in the corporate governance process. Moreover, the first three recommendations of the BRC relate to audit committee composition: absence of inside or “gray” directors, and presence of a member with financial expertise. This study examines the association between audit committee composition and the committee's interaction with internal auditing. Our results, based on responses from chief internal auditors of 114 public companies, indicate that committees comprised solely of independent directors and with at least one member having an accounting or finance background are more likely to (1) have longer meetings with the chief internal auditor; (2) provide private access to the chief internal auditor; and (3) review internal audit proposals and results of internal auditing. These findings provide empirical support for the BRC's recommendations related to audit committee composition.

scholarly journals The Effects of Interaction between Internal Auditor and Audit Committee on Fraud Detection in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Sunita Lylia Hamdan ◽  
Nahariah Jaffar ◽  
Ruzanna Ab Razak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
External Auditors

This study aims to examine the effect of interaction between internal auditor and audit committee on fraud detection in Malaysia.  Specific interaction is firstly; audit committee approving the appointment of chief audit executive, the evaluation of chief audit executive, the dismissal of chief audit executive, the internal audit budget and the internal audit plan or program.  Secondly, audit committee’s involvement in reviewing internal auditor’s work specifically; providing input for the internal audit plan, reviewing the results of internal auditing related to financial reporting, reviewing the results of internal auditing related to internal control, reviewing the results of internal auditing related to compliance with laws and regulation, reviewing the internal audit involvement in management responses to internal audit suggestions, reviewing the difficulties or scope restrictions encountered by internal auditors and reviewing the coordination between internal auditors and external auditors.  Survey questionnaires were mailed to internal auditors attached to 782 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia’s main market. The results of this study suggest that involvement of audit committee in approving chief audit executives’ matters is insignificant on internal auditors’ contribution to fraud detection.  However, audit committee’s involvement in reviewing internal auditors’ work significantly influence the internal auditors’ contribution in fraud detection.       

Corporate Governance, Audit Quality, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Evidence from Internal Audit Outsourcing

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Abbott ◽  
Susan Parker ◽  
Gary F. Peters ◽  
Dasaratha V. Rama
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
External Auditor ◽  
Audit Activity

This study extends current literature related to nonaudit services by investigating internal audit outsourcing to the external auditor. We posit that certain types of internal audit outsourcing (i.e., those which are nonroutine, and thus tend to be nonrecurring in nature) are unlikely to lead to economic bonding, while offering significant potential for improvements in audit coverage and scope when provided by the external auditor. Alternatively, outsourcing routine internal audit tasks is more likely to lead to economic bonding, as well as potentially threatening internal auditor independence. Our results are consistent with firms with independent, active, and expert audit committees being less likely to outsource routine internal auditing activities to the external auditor. However, the outsourcing of nonroutine internal audit activities such as special projects and EDP consulting are not negatively related to effective audit committees. Additionally, outsourcing of either type of internal audit activity to an outside service provider other than the external auditor is not related to effective audit committees. Collectively, we interpret these findings as supportive of an effective audit committee's ability to monitor the sourcing of the firm's total (i.e., internal and external) audit coverage, while simultaneously exhibiting concern for external auditor independence.

scholarly journals Impact of internal auditing in supporting competitive advantage in Sudanese industrial establishments (Case study- Industrial DAL Company): تأثير المراجعة الداخلية في دعم الميزة التنافسية للمنشآت الصناعية بالسودان (دراسة ميدانية- شركة دال الصناعية)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu baker Ahmed Yousif Mohammed Ali, Shihabeldeen Mohamed Ah
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The study tackled the impact of internal auditing in supporting the competitive advantage in Sudanese industrial establishments. A field study on Dal Industrial Company. The research problem was how to activate، the impact of internal auditing in supporting the competitiveness of industrial establishments in Sudan. The research hypotheses were as follows: Initial Hypothesis: There is a statistically significant impact of internal auditing in supporting the competitive advantage. The second hypothesis: Emphasis services in the governance for internal audit in supporting the competitive advantage of industrial facilities. There is a statistically significant effect on the relationship between advisory services as internal auditing in supporting the competitive advantage of industrial establishments. The methodology of the study used descriptive and analysis approach. The researcher used the questionnaire to collect field data. The results were including the recent trends of the impact of internal audit to advise the internal auditor in support the competitive advantage of Company. Recent trends in internal auditing have ensured that information is accurate that helps management make the right decisions and support the competitive advantage. The recommendations، the need for internal audit management to advise and advise the internal auditor. Auditors who have sufficient knowledge of the standards of professional performance. The need to continue to train internal auditors through seminars and attend conferences to keep up with the latest developments of internal audit.

scholarly journals Job satisfaction of the internal auditor – A field study on the internal auditors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia –: الرضا الوظيفي للمراجع الداخلي – دراسة ميدانية على المراجعين الداخليين في المملكة العربية السعودية –

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihan Taha Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed to identify the extent of job satisfaction for the internal auditor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia where the relationship of the internal auditor with the organization is a complex relationship where on the one hand they must have a sense of independence and objectivity in the performance of their responsibilities and on the other hand their work depends on those who review their work. The population of study are members of the Saudi Association of Internal Auditors. The researcher used the electronic questionnaire as a tool to collect data that was distributed to and the researcher has reached 330 questionnaires. The results of this study contribute to understanding the factors affecting job satisfaction of the internal auditor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in order to find ways to improve and development career and retain professional competencies. The study concluded that the professional and organizational conflict decreased, the study found 55.1% indicating that the internal audit report was submitted to the audit committee, and the objectives of the internal audit agreed with the goals of the organization, as the sample items agreed that salaries are the primary source for obtaining income, and 57.6% asserted that they do not match the volume of work that Assigned by the internal auditor. The study recommended that professional organizations and associations should provide greater support to the profession of internal auditing and the utility of the role of the internal auditor more in line with the internal auditing standards issued by the American Institute of Internal Auditors and providing objective criteria for evaluating the performance of the internal auditor and reformulating the salary structure in proportion to the effort made and developing incentive methods, as well as strengthening, developing and improving the relationship with the internal auditor through appreciation and continuous cooperation and notifying them that they belong to the organization and not working in it only.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance on the Performance of Internal Auditors in Thailand Public Limited Company

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Sutana Narkchai ◽  
Faudziah Hanim Binti Fadzil ◽  
Sompon Thungwha
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
The Relationship

<em>The issue of performance of internal auditors is important since Thailand was also affected by the accounting scandals. The expanded scope in the definition of internal auditing and new regulatory requirements such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 has increased the demands on internal auditing. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the corporate governance on the performance of internal auditors in Thailand public limited companies. In this study, corporate governance relates to the board of directors size and audit committee size to the performance of the internal auditor. To achieve this objective, two hypotheses were developed based on previous studies and the agency theory. Survey questionnaires were sent to the Chief Audit Executives (CAEs) to determine the effectiveness on their performance based on the professional standards issued by the IPPF (2017) indicators. A total of 520 questionnaires were distributed, but only 146 were usable. Multiple regressions were used to test the relationship between the variables. The result showed that there is insignificant relationship between board of director’s size and internal auditors’ performance. This study however found that audit committee size has a positive relationship on the performance of internal auditors. Therefore, audit committee need to increase higher responsibility with regard to corporate governance by overseeing financial reporting and internal control matters.</em>

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