Bronchocele (bronchial retention cyst): from structure to diagnosis

MedAlliance ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73

SummaryIntroduction. Bronchocele is a relatively frequent inci-dental finding on computed tomography and is a dilated bronchus filled with mucous content due to continued se-cretion of the mucous membrane and proximal airway ob-struction, which often manifests itself as tubular branched structures associated with the bronchial tree («Finger in glove» sign). Purpose: to present “from simple to complex” diagnostic algorithm for detecting changes in the type of bronchocele on computed tomography. Results. The dif-ferential diagnosis of the causes of bronchocele is wide and includes both congenital and acquired pathologies, which can be divided into obstructive and non-obstructive. Also, etiology-wise, they can be divided into the following groups: congenital infectious pathology, and obstruction of the bronchus by masses or foreign body. Computed tomography is the preferred method for diagnosing bron-chocele; in some cases, CT is performed in combination with contrast enhancement for differential diagnosis with arteriovenous malformation or atypical manifestation of lung metastases. In case of a locally located bronchocele, obstructive genesis by masses or foreign body should always be excluded, which requires the use of broncho-scopic examination methods. The most difficult option for differential diagnosis is bronchocele caused by infectious agents, due to the non-specificity of the radiation pattern. To make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to verify and identify the pathogen. Conclusion. The paper presents a diagnostic algorithm that allows to optimally diagnoseis the “bronchocele” type changes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
S. A. Buryakina ◽  
N. V. Tarbaeva ◽  
N. N. Volevodz ◽  
G. G. Karmazanovsky ◽  
L. D. Kovalevich ◽  
...  

The adrenal incidentaloma is a lesion of a different etiology and found incidentally in patients who underwent a diagnostic study not about the disease of this organ. Lesions can be both hormonally inactive and hormonally active, can arise from different zones of the adrenal gland or have non-specific organ affiliation, can be benign or malignant. Computed tomography characterization of these lesions, especially the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant, is extremely important for the correct diagnosis in order to provide adequate management of the patient. The article presents the key computed tomography criteria that allow radiologist to characterize the lesion most accurately and consider appropriate diagnosis.


Posterior scleritis is a painful inflammatory disease that affects the sclera behind the ora serrata. Although it can be seen at any age, it is mostly seen over the age of 40 and mostly affects women. It is usually unilateral. The most common symptoms are periocular pain and loss of vision. It is often idiopathic but it may be associated with systemic diseases such as rheumatologic and autoimmune illnesses. Because of its variable clinical features, the differential diagnosis should be done with orbital or intraocular inflammation and ocular tumors. B-mode ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in diagnosis. Posterior scleritis should be kept in mind in all inflammatory and painful ocular disorders without a significant etiology. With the correct diagnosis, appropriate and aggressive treatment, it is possible to recover and protect vision.


2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Oesterhelweg ◽  
Stephan A. Bolliger ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
Steffen Ross

Abstract Context.—Death from corpora aliena in the larynx is a well-known entity in forensic pathology. The correct diagnosis of this cause of death is difficult without an autopsy, and misdiagnoses by external examination alone are common. Objective.—To determine the postmortem usefulness of modern imaging techniques in the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the larynx, multislice computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and postmortem full-body computed tomography–angiography were performed. Design.—Three decedents with a suspected foreign body in the larynx underwent the 3 different imaging techniques before medicolegal autopsy. Results.—Multislice computed tomography has a high diagnostic value in the noninvasive localization of a foreign body and abnormalities in the larynx. The differentiation between neoplasm or soft foreign bodies (eg, food) is possible, but difficult, by unenhanced multislice computed tomography. By magnetic resonance imaging, the discrimination of the soft tissue structures and soft foreign bodies is much easier. In addition to the postmortem multislice computed tomography, the combination with postmortem angiography will increase the diagnostic value. Conclusions.—Postmortem, cross-sectional imaging methods are highly valuable procedures for the noninvasive detection of corpora aliena in the larynx.


1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo Guzowski ◽  
Arndt J. Duvall

Swyer-James syndrome consists of an abnormal radiolucency of one lung or lobe, secondary to obliterative bronchiolitis with distal air trapping. The etiology of the bronchiolar inflammatory process is quite diverse. The syndrome will simulate the presence of a foreign body in the bronchial tree, and the patients will usually undergo bronchoscopy with that presumptive diagnosis. Two cases are presented and the pathogenesis, clinical picture, and differential diagnosis are outlined. The separation of this condition from hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery is discussed.


2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Raminta Šydeikienė ◽  
Jūratė Dementavičienė ◽  
Aurelijus Grigaliūnas

Raminta Šydeikienė1, Jūratė Dementavičienė2, Aurelijus Grigaliūnas11 Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-2043 Vilnius,2 Vilniaus universiteto ligoninė "Santariškių klinikos",Santariškių g. 2, LT-2021 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Ūminio apendicito diagnozę dažniausiai galima tiksliai nustatyti pagal klinikinius požymius ir sėkmingai taikyti chirurginį gydymą. Tačiau apie 20–30% operacinių radinių nepatvirtina ūminio apendicito diagnozės – kirmėlinė atauga būna nepakitusi. Todėl neaiškiais klinikiniais atvejais turėtų būti taikomas nuodugnesnis ligonio ištyrimas prieš operaciją, kad galėtume nustatyti skausmo dešiniajame apatiniame pilvo kvadrante priežastį. Mūsų tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ultragarso (UG) ir kompiuterinės tomografijos (KT) reikšmę diagnozuojant ūminį apendicitą. Ligoniai ir metodai Kiekvienais metais Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinės ligoninės Bendrosios chirurgijos centre operuojama apie 750 ligonių, kuriems diagnozuojamas ūminis apendicitas. Nuo 2000 m. iki 2003 m. pirmojo pusmečio pabaigos 225 ligoniams, tirtiems ultragarsu, buvo nustatyta ūminio apendicito diagnozė. Mūsų ligoninėje operuoti 193 ligoniai (85,78%), iš jų 101 moteris ir 92 vyrai (amžius nuo 16 iki 80 metų). Rezultatai Iš 225 ligonių, kuriems ultragarsu buvo nustatyta ūminio apendicito diagnozė, mūsų ligoninėje operuoti 193 (85,78%). 32 ligoniams (14,22%) chirurginis gydymas nebuvo taikytas. Operacijos radiniai su UG nesutapo 44 atvejais (22,8%), iš kurių 20 atvejų (10,4%) buvo diagnozuotas katarinis apendicitas, 24 atvejais (12,4%) – kita patologija: divertikulitas, Krono liga, pūlinis adneksitas, aklosios ir storosios žarnų navikai ir kt. 149 ligoniams (77,20%) nustatyta ūminio apendicito diagnozė, iš jų 82 (42,49%) – flegmoninis apendicitas, 25 (12,95%) – gangreninis apendicitas, 42 (21,76%) – gangreninis perforacinis apendicitas ir apendikulinis abscesas. Kompiuterinė tomografija buvo atlikta 43 ligoniams, kuriems ūminio apendicito klinika, subjektyvūs skundai, objektyvių tyrimų duomenys ir ligos eiga buvo ne visai tipiški, o UG tyrimu diagnozė nenustatyta. Šešiolikai ligonių buvo patvirtinta ūminio ar ūminio komplikuoto apendicito diagnozė, 10 ligonių pokyčių nerasta, o 17 ligonių diagnozuotos kitos ligos. Išvados Pilvo dešiniojo apatinio kvadranto skausmą gali sukelti daugelis ūminių ligų. Kai klinikiniai radiniai yra abejotini, turėtų būti atliekamas ultragarsinis tyrimas. Tais atvejais, kai diagnozė lieka neaiški, būtina atlikti pilvo ir dubens kompiuterinę tomografiją. Prasminiai žodžiai: ūminis apendicitas, ultragarsinis tyrimas (UG), sonoskopija, kompiuterinė tomografija (KT). The value of ultrasonography and computed tomography in diagnosing acute appendicitis Raminta Šydeikienė1, Jūratė Dementavičienė2, Aurelijus Grigaliūnas1 Background / objective The purpose of our study was to determine the role of US and CT in differential diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis. In most cases the clinical findings are reliable for correct diagnosis and emergent surgery due to acute appendictitis. Nevertheless, 20–30% of operation findings do not confirm the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (normal appendix is found). In some cases additional examinations should be done prior to surgery. Patients and methods Every year almost 750 patients with acute appendicitis are operated on at Vilnius University Emergency Hospital. 225 patiens were examined with US for suspected acute appendicitis in the period 2000–half 2003. In 193 cases (85.78%) patients were operated on. Sex: 101 F, 92 M. The age varied from 16 to 80 years. By CT, 43 patients were examined. In all cases helical unenhanced CT was performed, with collimation 8 mm and table feed 12 mm. In the cases when differential diagnosis was necessary, 50 ml of 300 g/ml J nonionic contrast material was injected i/v (by hand). Results For suspected acute appendicitis 225 patients were examined with US. In 193 cases (85.78%) patients were operated on. In 32 cases (14.22%) no emergent surgery was performed in our hospital. The disagreement of findings was in 44 cases (22.8%), where in 20 cases (10.4%) appendicitis catarrhalis and in 24 cases (12.4%) other pathology (coecum, colon tumor, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, adnexitis) were found. In 149 cases (77.20%) the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed, including phlegmonous in 82 cases (42.49%), gangrenous in 25 cases (12.95%), gangrenous perforated and appendiculas abscesses in 42 cases (21.76%). CT revealed acute or acute complicated appendicitis in 16 cases, no changes were found in 10 cases, other diseases were found in 17 cases. Conclusions Acute clinical presentation of the diseases in the right lower quadrant could be caused by a broad spectrum of pathologies.When clinical findings are doubtful, US should be performed. In the case when all data do not confirm the diagnosis, CT is necessary for additional information and correct diagnosis. Keywords: acute appendicitis, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Anca Stefanopol ◽  
Dumitru Marius Danila ◽  
Georgiana Bianca Constantin ◽  
Liliana Baroiu

Abstract BackgroundParaovarian cysts (POCs) are rarely seen among pediatric female patients. The diagnosis still represents a challenge. Giant POCs are exceedingly rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature.Case presentationA 17-year-old girl from the rural area presented with abdominal pain, pollakiuria and a giant abdomino-pelvic mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a 14cm x 24cm x 30cm anechoic unilocular cyst which raised the suspicion of a mesenteric or ovarian cyst. The correct diagnosis of left POC was established intraoperatory. Cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was serous cystadenoma.DiscussionsPOCs become symptomatic when reach large sizes or complicate, the most feared complication being ovary torsion. Imagistic investigations can establish the diagnosis of cyst, but the cyst’s origin often remains an intraoperatory discovery. Surgical excision is necessary to decrease the risk of complications, and adnexal preservation is essential in pediatric patients. Even for pediatric female patients POC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic abdominal masses.


2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Huntsman ◽  
Edmond Lemire ◽  
Jonathon Norton ◽  
Anne Dzus ◽  
Patricia Blakley ◽  
...  

Spastic diplegia is the most common form of cerebral palsy worldwide. Many disorders mimic spastic diplegia, which can result in misdiagnosis for the child with resultant negative treatment and family counselling implications. In this paper, the authors provide a brief review of spastic diplegia and the various disorders in the differential diagnosis. We also provide a diagnostic algorithm to assist physicians in making the correct diagnosis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Ekberg ◽  
Markus Reuber

There are many areas in medicine in which the diagnosis poses significant difficulties and depends essentially on the clinician’s ability to take and interpret the patient’s history. The differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is one such example, in particular the distinction between epilepsy and ‘psychogenic’ non-epileptic seizures (NES) is often difficult. A correct diagnosis is crucial because it determines the choice of treatment. Diagnosis is typically reliant on patients’ (and witnesses’) descriptions; however, conventional methods of history-taking focusing on the factual content of these descriptions are associated with relatively high rates of diagnostic errors. The use of linguistic methods (particularly conversation analysis) in research settings has demonstrated that these approaches can provide hints likely to be useful in the differentiation of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. This paper explores to what extent (and under which conditions) the findings of these previous studies could be transposed from a research into a routine clinical setting.


Author(s):  
Marco Tana ◽  
Silvio di Carlo ◽  
Marcello Romano ◽  
Massimo Alessandri ◽  
Cosima Schiavone ◽  
...  

Background:18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography (18-F-FDG-PET/CT) is getting wide consensus in the diagnosis and staging of neoplastic disorders and represents a useful tool in the assessment of various inflammatory conditions. </P><P> Discussion: Sarcoidosis is an uncommon disease characterized by the systemic formation of noncaseating granulomas. Lungs are the sites most often affected, and investigation with high resolution computed tomography and biopsy is essential to achieve a correct diagnosis. 18-F-FDGPET/ CT is effective in the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis by demonstrating pulmonary and extrathoracic involvement and findings correlate well with pulmonary function in patients affected.Conclusion:This review would illustrate the usefulness and limits of 18-F-FDG-PET/CT in the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis.


1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEIR NYSKA ◽  
SHLOMO POMERANZ ◽  
SHLOMO PORAT

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