scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF YIELD STRUCTURE ELEMENTS IN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
V.V. Koshelyaev ◽  
I.P. Koshelyaeva ◽  
N.M. Guryanova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals AGROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
В.В. Кошеляев ◽  
В.И. Сальников ◽  
И.П. Кошеляева
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

В настоящее время недостаточно известны объективные потребности растений в элементах питания, об этом свидетельствуют значительные различия между максимальными и средними значениями урожайности при испытании сортов. Существенные различия урожайности связаны с тем, что не учитываются генетические особенности сортов поглощать элементы питания из почвы и удобрений. В основном, как правило, применение удобрений рассчитывается на усредненное значение по культуре, а не под возделываемый сорт. В результате сортоиспытание без учета генетически обусловленных особенностей минерального питания приводит к тому, что агрохимически активные сорта снимаются с испытания, так как для реализации их генетического потенциала не созданы соответствующие условия минерального питания. Цель работы – оценить общую и специфическую отзывчивость сортов озимой пшеницы на применение минеральных удобрений и выделить агрохимически активные формы. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А – сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В – уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что наиболее агрохимически активными формами являются сорта озимой пшеницы Скипетр, Клавдия 2 и Московская 56. Сорта Безенчукская 380, Немчиновская 57 и Фотинья характеризуются как формы с меньшей агрохимической активностью. At present, the objective nutrient requirements of plants are not well known, as evidenced by the significant differences between maximum and average yields in variety trials. Significant differences in yields are due to the fact that the genetic characteristics of varieties to absorb nutrients from soil and fertilizer are not taken into account. For the most part, fertilizer application is calculated as a crop average rather than for the variety being cultivated. As a result, variety testing without taking into account genetically determined features of mineral nutrition leads to the fact that agrochemically active varieties are withdrawn from testing, because appropriate conditions of mineral nutrition are not created for realization of their genetic potential. The aim of the work is to evaluate the general and specific responsiveness of winter wheat varieties to the application of mineral fertilizers and to identify agrochemically active forms. In order to achieve the objective a two-factor field experiment was laid. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - mineral nutrition levels. As a result, it was found that the most agrochemically active forms are winter wheat varieties Skipetr, Klavdiya 2 and Moskovskaya 56. Bezenchukskaya 380, Nemchinovskaya 57 and Fotinya varieties are characterized as forms with less agrochemical activity.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Productivity and elements of its structure in new genotypes of soft winter wheat of the south of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Viktor Ivanovich Kovtun ◽  
Alesya Aleksandrovna Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents the best in yield genotypes of soft winter wheat, created in recent years in the North Caucasus FNATS. In terms of grain yield, on average, for two years of study (2018-2019), the best genotypes exceeded the standard variety Thunder from 0,50 to 1,97 t / ha. A particularly high excess over the standard was noted for the main elements of the yield structure: a mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains per spike, and a mass of spike grain. It is indicated that such varieties as Shield, Armada, Lyuda, Batya, Moretz, Source, 1217/14, 1008/15, 1332/15, 1731/15 can be effectively used as genetic sources when creating new winter wheat varieties for the conditions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Variation in grain productivity and quality of modern winter wheat varieties in northern Ukrainian Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
S. Mykolenko ◽  
P. Okhmat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We have been studying the grain productivity and quality of 22 new winter wheat varieties during three years under North Ukrainian Steppe conditions. These 22 winter wheat varieties and control (national standard by grain productivity variety Podolyanka) were investigated regarding their interactions with environmental conditions by agronomic-value traits like as general grain productivity, components of one, protein and gluten content, developing relations between once (correlation relations), which determining wheat quality and yield in a complex. Two high-adaptive varieties Divo and Matrix, which provides us higher than standard grain yield in complex with higher or proper protein and gluten content were developed. Two factors permanently influenced on grain productivity (conditions of the year and genotype), while only one (genotype) determined the protein content of grains. We used the weight of thousand grains as an integrative parameter of the yield structure for all productive varieties, with no regards to yield formation.

scholarly journals Variability at winter wheat varieties first generation which obtained mutagen action

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
M. M. Nazarenko ◽  
T. Y. Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The purpose of our investigation was to identify the features of the depressive effects of the aftereffect of different doses of gamma-rays on winter wheat varieties of local breeding in terms of germination, survival, morphometry, yield. The parameters of germination and survival, the passage of the main phases of ontogenesis in winter wheat plants of French varieties (Flamenko and Ghayta) at the first generation were studied. The influence of mutagenic depression on parameters of yield structure (morphometry of mature plants) was established and the level of their variability was estimated too. In 2019–2020, experiments were conducted in the research fields of the research center of the Dnieper State Agrarian and Economic University. The experiments used seeds of Flamenko and Ghayta varieties, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. The variety Ghayta can be classified as resistant to gamma-rays, the variety Flamenko corresponded to high-sensitive. Parameter of germination and survival were directly correlated with increasing dose, with a dose of 200 Gy already semi-lethal, a dose of 250 Gy for variety Flamenko was sublethal, 300 Gy doze full-lethal, for the variety Ghayta sublethal was 300 Gy dose by which almost no plant material was obtained. Such parameters as plant height, weight of grains from the main spike and weight of thousand grains, weight of grains from the plant, partially number of grain from the main spike reliably reproduce the mutagenic depression. Depression of the plants is affected by the genotype of the variety more than the dose of mutagen; the plant height parameter clearly demonstrates mutagenic depression. According to the results of factor and discriminant analysis as indicators affected by genotype-mutagenic interaction should be used germination and survival, pollen sterility, plant height, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand grains weight of grains from the plant. Doses of 100–200 Gy are optimal for further use to obtain mutations; it is possible to use a dose of 250 Gy for the variety Ghayta.

Influence of abiotic factors on photosynthesis and production process of different winter wheat varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
B. Guliaev ◽  
H. Huliaieva ◽  
V. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. The investigation of photosynthesis and production process in winter wheat varieties, different in their grain productivity, its connection to the active surface area of the root system in optimal conditions, under drought and mineral nutrition defi ciency. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, gas exchange analysis, statisti- cal methods. Results. It was demonstrated that different conditions of mineral nutrition and soil drought have impact on the intensity of photosynthesis, photo- and dark respiration, the content of pigments in the fl ag leaf of winter wheat plants; the results obtained testify to the interrelation of these indices to the active surface area of the root system and grain productivity of winter wheat varieties, different in potential grain productivity. Conclusions. It was determined that under drought the photosynthetic apparatus of a highly productive winter wheat variety Smuhlianka demonstrated higher stability compared to the photosynthetic apparatus of the vari- ety Myronivska 808, moderately resistant to drought conditions. At the same time, highly intensive varieties of winter wheat, Favorytka and Smuhlianka, had a larger active surface area of the root system and chlorophyll content in leaves, compared to Myronivska 808 plants, notable for their lower grain productivity. It was deter- mined that there was considerable reliable correlation between the intensity of fl ag leaf photorespiration and the active surface area of the root system in winter wheat plants of varieties Myronivska 808 and Smuhlianka (r = 0.805). Considerable correlation (r = 0.878) was found between the intensity of fl ag leaf photorespiration in the heading-blossoming phase and the sum of chlorophylls in these leaves. It was determined that the index S r act × chlorophyll may be used to estimate the active surface area of the root system with the error of up to 3.8 % for fi ve winter wheat varieties.

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