scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Technology of nutriating winter wheat varieties in variety-soil-fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02040
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Atoev ◽  
Jandos Kaypnazorov ◽  
Mukhayyo Egamberdieva ◽  
Samad Makhammadiev ◽  
Murod Karimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Soil Fertilizer ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In this article, the reaction of winter wheat varieties to fertilizers in irrigated soils in the varietal-soil-fertilizer system was studied and a feeding system was developed and recommended for each soil-climatic conditions and varieties. Appropriate fertilizer standards have been developed for each wheat variety, which have increased the germination, weeding, accumulation, tuberization, spike formation, dry mass accumulation, grain quality, and yield structure and yield of winter wheat. N250P200K200 kg/ha was obtained from Polovchanka variety of winter wheat at the rate of N250P200K200 kg/ha used in irrigated brown meadow soils, while in typical irrigated gray soils the yield of winter wheat was higher than N250P200K200 kg/ha of pure wheat with N250P200K200 kg/ha. Grain yield was 80.18 tons/ha from Tanya variety, 76.38 tons/ha from Krasnodar-99 variety and 82.32 tons/ha from Polovchanka variety under N200P150K150 kg/ha. Under the influence of the same optimal fertilizer standards, the growth and development of winter wheat, nutrient accumulation, and grain yield and grain quality are improved, and the efficiency of fertilizers is increased.

scholarly journals Productivity and elements of its structure in new genotypes of soft winter wheat of the south of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Viktor Ivanovich Kovtun ◽  
Alesya Aleksandrovna Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents the best in yield genotypes of soft winter wheat, created in recent years in the North Caucasus FNATS. In terms of grain yield, on average, for two years of study (2018-2019), the best genotypes exceeded the standard variety Thunder from 0,50 to 1,97 t / ha. A particularly high excess over the standard was noted for the main elements of the yield structure: a mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains per spike, and a mass of spike grain. It is indicated that such varieties as Shield, Armada, Lyuda, Batya, Moretz, Source, 1217/14, 1008/15, 1332/15, 1731/15 can be effectively used as genetic sources when creating new winter wheat varieties for the conditions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Development of the new winter wheat variety Skorpion with blue grain

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinek ◽  
M. Škorpík ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
J. Fučík P Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Colour ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Breeding wheat with blue grain was conducted at the Crop Research Institute in Prague. Initial donor material came from the legacy of Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg. Long-term crosses with a series of winter wheat varieties were made with the aim of transferring blue grain colour into cultivated varieties. The prospective material was later handed over to Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, where line no. 6 was selected from the population RU 440. At the end of 2011, the new winter wheat variety Skorpion with blue grain was registered in Austria. It is intended for special use in the food industry. The anthocyanins which it contains are considered to offer health benefits due to their antioxidant effects.

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P < 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P < 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P < 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P > 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P < 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

scholarly journals Variability of yield and resistance to disease of soft winter wheat varieties depending on the year of testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
L. Holyk ◽  
L. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Very High ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

New varieties of soft winter wheat have been submitted for state scientific and technical expertise: Krasunya Poliska, Mokosha, Pyriatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna – in 2018, Zemlerob and Lyubito – in 2020. The best varieties in 2020 were Efektna – 6.87 t/ha, Pyriatynka and Zemlerob – 6.56 t/ha each, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.48 t/ha. During 2016-2020, all the varieties undergoing qualification examination exceeded the Lisova pisnia standard in terms of yield (5.97 t/ha). Thus, the yield of the Fortetsia Poliska variety was 7.31 t/ha, Pyriatynka – 7.10 t/ha, Zemlerob – 7.06 t/ha, Krasunya Poliska – 6.95 t/ha, Lyubito – 6.72 t/ha ha, Efektna – 6.36 t/ha, Mokosha – 6.27 t/ha. It is worth noting the significant variation in the yield over the years of research in all varieties submitted for further study and registration for state scientific and technical examination. At the Panfil research station, the yield of soft winter wheat varieties Mokosha and Zemlerob exceeded the standard in terms of yield – 6.4 t/ha, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.1 t/ha and the Efektna variety was not inferior to the standard – 5.9 t/ha. Brown rust damage during 2016–2020 was lower compared to powdery mildew. It was found that the Efektna variety had a very high resistance to both powdery mildew and brown rust. Very high resistance to brown rust was observed in 2020 for all varieties that were submitted for variety testing. It was found that the incidence of leaf septoria during 2016–2020 was high compared to brown rust and powdery mildew. The cultivar Zemlerob was selected, which had both a stable lesion (Min = 7 %) and a weak susceptibility (Max = 28 %). It was found that in the snowless 2020 and in the abundant rainfall of 2018, the defeat of septoria leaves had moderate resistance (X = 15.81 %) and (X = 20.03 %). Studies have shown that in 2020 a very high resistance to septoria of the ear was observed in the variety Fortetsia Poliska. In the Pyriatynka, Efektna, Lyubito varieties, the development of the disease was noted to be 1.0 % and the spread of the disease in the area – 10.0 %. Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, variability, yield, resistance to diseases, powdery mildew, brown rust, leaf septoria, olive mold, striped mosaic of leaves, BYDV.

scholarly journals Breeding wheat varieties of different development types adapted to different growing conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Yu. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Late Sowing

Aim. When forming optimal sowing structure, considering certain conditions of soil and climate zones, a particular region and farm, it is necessary to have a complex of varieties with different levels of plasticity, stability and the length of a growing season, the duration of a vernalization stage and photoperiodic sensitivity. Methods. The research was conducted according to the methods of field experiments. The winter wheat varieties included and the wheat varieties of an alternative type of different genetic and ecological origin were used in the research. Results. The purposeful inclusion of the wheat varieties Znakhidka odeska, Khersonska unbearded, the variety of an alternative type Nevesinjka 471, NS 446 and others into hybridization by a diallel scheme allowed realizing the complexes of such features as fast maturation, 1000 grain weight, adaptive properties in the offspring resulting in high productivity. The promising lines selected in the breeding process became the basis for developing new winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the varieties of an alternative type Solomiia, Klarysa. Conclusions. The conducted research resulted in developing promising soft winter wheat varieties and the varieties of an alternative type, which ensure high and steady grain yields, especially under late sowing dates. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of an alternative type, combining ability of genotypes.

scholarly journals Variation in grain productivity and quality of modern winter wheat varieties in northern Ukrainian Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
S. Mykolenko ◽  
P. Okhmat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We have been studying the grain productivity and quality of 22 new winter wheat varieties during three years under North Ukrainian Steppe conditions. These 22 winter wheat varieties and control (national standard by grain productivity variety Podolyanka) were investigated regarding their interactions with environmental conditions by agronomic-value traits like as general grain productivity, components of one, protein and gluten content, developing relations between once (correlation relations), which determining wheat quality and yield in a complex. Two high-adaptive varieties Divo and Matrix, which provides us higher than standard grain yield in complex with higher or proper protein and gluten content were developed. Two factors permanently influenced on grain productivity (conditions of the year and genotype), while only one (genotype) determined the protein content of grains. We used the weight of thousand grains as an integrative parameter of the yield structure for all productive varieties, with no regards to yield formation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photosynthesis Capacity of Some Winter Wheat Genotypes in Transylvanian Plain Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ionuț RACZ ◽  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Diana HIRISCǍU ◽  
Marius BǍRDAŞ ◽  
Florin Dumitru BORA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
New Research ◽  
Photosynthesis Capacity

Leaf photosynthetic capacity is a key parameter determining crop yield; it is enhanced by moderate soil moisture and reduced in both severe water deficit and excessive water conditions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the wheat variety photosynthetic capacity in two main phenological stages. The evaluation of photosynthesis capacity of studied winter wheat varieties in Transylvanian Plain conditions offer relevant information on Romanian genetic material type and paving the way of new research directed to a new wheat breeding program criteria and for improvement of those.

scholarly journals Freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat and its relation with morphological features

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. Pirych ◽  
T. Yurchenko ◽  
S. Koliadenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Apical Cone ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In recent years there have been significant changes in weather conditions during wheat growth and development. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the level of freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat varieties and their morphological features. The study was conducted during 2016–2019 at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. 19 bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka were studied. Freezing tolerance of plants was determined according to DSTU 4749:2007 which based on freezing wheat plants in chambers at -18 ºC and -20 ºC with pre-hardening in the open field. The high-frost-tolerant wheat variety Myronivska 808 was used as standard of freezing tolerance. Statistical data processing was performed according to Fisher’s test. Morphological condition of plants was estimated in autumn after vegetation dormancy onset and in spring after its restoration according to the F.M. Kuperman method. The research years were characterized by contrasting weather conditions. It was found that the most bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka have high and medium level of freezing tolerance. Over the years of the research, the elongation of apical cone in the standard variety Myronivska 808 varied from 0.01 to 0.42 mm. In the varieties studied, the elongation of apical cone ranged within 0–0.10 mm (2016– 17), 0.35–0.68 (2017–18) and 0.03–0.32 mm (2018–19). According to the assessment of freezing tolerance, there have been identified valuable bread winter wheat varieties with percent of viable plants over the years of the research exceeding standard variety Myronivska 808 or being at the same level. The varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Assol were high frost tolerant ones. On average, over the years of the research the varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, and MIP Assol had elongation of apical cone at the level of the Myronivska 808 variety. The variation of the strength and direction of connections between the level of frost resistance and morphological indicators (plant height, length of the growth cone) determined at the time of termination and restoration of winter wheat vegetation was established. Key words: winter wheat, varieties, freezing tolerance, growth, development, apical cone.

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