scholarly journals Identification of pathogen bacteria from camel (Camelus dromedarius) mastitis and investigation of antibiotic susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sükrü Kirkan ◽  
U ̆gur Parin ◽  
Halil Çapakçioglu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Aerococcus Viridans ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The scope of this study was to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk from female camels with mastitis and to select antibiotics for treatment with antibiotic susceptibility testing. A total of 40 milk samples taken from 20 dromedarian females, after application of CMT test and determination of SCC values, the camels were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were inoculated into blood agar for identification of bacterial agents leading to mastitis. A total of 4 (12.5%) Staphylococcus aureus, 4 (12.5%) S. auricularis, 2 (6.25%) S. pettenkoperi, 2 (6.25%) S. cohnii spp. cohnii, 2 (6.25%) S. equorum, 2 (6.25%) S. capitis, 2 (6.25%) Streptococcus agalactiae, 2 (6.25%) S. dysgalactiae, 4 (12.5%) Escherichia coli, 2 (%) 6.25) Pseudomonas pseudalcaligenes, 2 (6.25%) Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, 2 (6.25%) Aerococcus viridans and 2 (6.25%) Gemella morbillorum were identified. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to Levofloxacin, Linezolid and Tetracycline and Daptomycin, resistant to Beta lactam-group antibiotics and macrolides. Vancomycin resistance was determined in S. aureus and S. cohnii spp. cohnii strains. Gram-negative strains are found generally susceptible to Cefepime and Pipersilin; resistant to Trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. As a result, it is recommended to use antibiotic use to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance as well as mastitis control methods such as the prevention of infection and monitoring the health status of the mammary of camels.

scholarly journals Finding of coagulase negative staphylococci in the herd with an increased number of somatic cells in milk and their antimicrobial susceptibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Vera Katic ◽  
Natasa Rajic-Savic
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are generally considered to be opportunistic pathogens. Controlling CNS mastitis is difficult because the epidemiology is not clear, and the CNS group consists of about 40 different Staphylococcus species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coagulasenegative staphylococci in milk of the cows with subclinical mastitis, as well as to determine different CNS species isolated from quarter milk samples for their susceptibility to antimicrobials used commonly for mastitis therapy. On the farm where there was found an increase of somatic cells in bulk milk, 112 dairy cows were examined by mastitis test. From 52 udder quarters where mastitis test showed an increase of somatic cells, milk samples were taken for bacteriological examination. For isolating the causes of mastitis there was used blood agar. Identification of the causative agents of mastitis was carried out on the basis of colony appearance on blood agar and their physiological characteristics. Coagulasepositive staphylococci sensitivity which cause mastitis was tested by Kirby Bauer method. For susceptibility testing there were used commercially produced discs containing: 10 IU penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20 +10 ?g), cloxacillin 25 ?g, 30 ?g amoxicillin, cephalexin 30 ?g, ceftiofur 30 ?g, 15 ?g lincomycin, gentamicin and tetracycline 30 ?g. The sensitivity of microorganisms was evaluated on the basis of inhibition zone diameter recommended by the manufacturer and was labeled as sensitive (S) moderately sensitive (I) or resistant (R). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 61.53% of samples from cows with subclinical mastitis, making them the most common cause of subclinical mastitis. The highest resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci was found to penicillin G (58.33% of isolates). Full sensitivity of coagulase-negative staphylococci was found to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (100% of isolates), a good sensitivity to ceftiofur (83.33% of isolates), cefalexin (70.83% of isolates) and ceftriaxone (41.66% of isolates).

Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from 502 dogs with respiratory signs

2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (14) ◽  
pp. 357-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rheinwald ◽  
K. Hartmann ◽  
M. Hähner ◽  
G. Wolf ◽  
R. K. Straubinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Cultured Bacteria ◽  
Privately Owned

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial species isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples taken from dogs with respiratory signs and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility. Clinical cases were included in the study if they showed signs of respiratory disease and data relating to bacterial culture and susceptibility of BALF samples were available. The medical records of 493 privately owned dogs that were presented between January 1989 and December 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. In 35 per cent of samples, no bacteria were cultured. Bacteria isolated from culture-positive samples included Streptococcus species (31 per cent of positive cultures), Enterobacteriaceae (30 per cent, including Escherichia coli (15 per cent)), Staphylococcus species (19 per cent), Pasteurella species (16 per cent) and Pseudomonas species (14 per cent). Bordetella bronchiseptica as a primary respiratory pathogen was isolated in 8 per cent of cases. Enrofloxacin showed the best susceptibility pattern; 86 per cent of all isolates and 87 per cent of Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to this antibiotic. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid yielded the best susceptibility pattern in Gram-positive bacteria (92 per cent). Therefore, these antibiotics can be recommended for empirical or first-line treatment in dogs with bacterial lower respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2015–17 in Turkey: data based on CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i88-i99
Author(s):  
D Torumkuney ◽  
A Tunger ◽  
B Sancak ◽  
A Bıçakçıgil ◽  
B Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Objectives To determine antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs) collected in 2015–17 from Turkey. Methods MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. Results A total of 179 S. pneumoniae and 239 H. influenzae isolates were collected. Few (27.9%) pneumococci were penicillin susceptible by CLSI oral or EUCAST low-dose breakpoints, but by EUCAST high-dose or CLSI IV breakpoints 84.4% were susceptible. The most active antibiotics (excluding penicillin IV) by CLSI breakpoints were fluoroquinolones (98.9% of isolates susceptible), ceftriaxone (83.2%), amoxicillin (78.8%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (78.8%). Pneumococcal susceptibility to amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was lower using EUCAST low-dose breakpoints (49.7%), although susceptibility increased when using EUCAST high-dose (57.0%–58.1%) and PK/PD (78.8%–87.7%) breakpoints. Twenty-three H. influenzae isolates were β-lactamase positive, with 11 characterized as β-lactamase negative and ampicillin resistant following EUCAST criteria and 5 by CLSI criteria. Generally antibiotic susceptibility was high using CLSI breakpoints: ≥92.9% for all antibiotics except ampicillin (87% by CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (67.4% and 72% by CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints, respectively). Susceptibility using EUCAST breakpoints (where these are published) was similar, except for cefuroxime (oral) with 3.8% of isolates susceptible. PK/PD breakpoints indicated low susceptibility to macrolides (5.9%–10%) and cefaclor (13%). The application of different EUCAST breakpoints for low and higher doses for some of the antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) allowed, for the first time in a SOAR study, the effect of raising the dosage on susceptibility to be quantified. Conclusions Antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae was generally low, which is in keeping with evidence of inappropriate and high antibiotic use in Turkey. H. influenzae susceptibility was high. These data are important for empirical therapy of CA-RTIs.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Staphylococcus Xylosus Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis in Cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Bochniarz ◽  
Władysław Wawron ◽  
Marek Szczubiał ◽  
Piotr Brodzki ◽  
Tomasz Piech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Xylosus ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows. The material consisted of 42 isolates of S. xylosus obtained from 276 samples of milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. The isolates were obtained from the udder secretions of 33 cows from farms in the Lublin region (Poland). S. xylosus was found in 15.2% of tested milk samples. The study did not reveal any macroscopic changes in the milk or symptoms in the cow’s body. The number of somatic cells in milk samples ranged from 245,000 to 416,000/ml of milk (on average 268,000/ml of milk). The ability to produce slime was observed in 42.9% of S. xylosus isolates. None of the tested isolates demonstrated the ability to produce protease or cause haemolysis. Five isolates of S. xylosus (11.9%) were classified to the methicillin-resistant group. The mecA gene was not found in any of these isolates. The enzyme β-lactamase was detected in 28.6% of S. xylosus isolates. The highest efficacy against S. xylosus was demonstrated for cephalosporin antibiotics: cefacetrile and cefoperazone (80.1% and 76.2% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus, respectively). A significant quantity of isolates was resistant to streptomycin, linkomycin, penicillin and neomycin (approximately 10% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus).

Antimicrobial Activity of Fractions and Compounds from Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana B. Pretto ◽  
Valdir Cechinel-Filho ◽  
Vânia F. Noldin ◽  
Mara R. K. Sartori ◽  
Daniela E. B Isaias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense

Abstract Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae) is a native Brazilian medicinal plant traditionally used against several diseases, including infectious pathologies. Crude methanolic extracts (CME) and two fractions, denoted non-polar (soluble in chloroform) and polar (nonsoluble in chloroform), were prepared from different parts of the plant (roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) and studied. The following compounds were isolated and tested against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): brasiliensic acid (1), gallic acid (2), epicatechin (3), protocatechuic acid (4), friedelin (5) and 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (6). The results indicated that all the parts of the plant exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, which are selectively inhibited by components of C. brasiliense. No activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts tested. Regarding the isolated compounds, substance 4 showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, whereas compound 6 exhibited antimicrobial activity only against Gram-positive bacteria. The results from the current study confirm and justify the popular use of this plant to treat infectious processes.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIALACTIVITY USING METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE PLANT LEAVES.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mithaiwala Idris A. ◽  
Suthar Hetal S. ◽  
Hetvi Soni ◽  
Ojha Sunil ◽  
Agrawal Amit
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Constitutional Analysis

Present days due to the pathogenic bacteria and fungi, the human mortality rate has increased in number. The synthetic antimicrobial and antifungal are used in the treatment of various fungal and bacterial diseases, but have various side effects which limit's their use. Traditionally Pithecellobium dulce plant has been used for treatment of antifungal and antimicrobial infection. In this article we are comparing the activity of antimicrobial and antifungal properties of Pithecellobium dulce plant using leaves extract on gram negative bacteria,gram positive bacteria and fungi.Methanolic extraction of Pithecellobium dulce leaves was carried out using Soxhlet method and the phyto constitutional analysis was carried out for presenceof alkaloids, avonoids, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, and triterpenoids.The inhibitory effect was determined by Cup plate method, by the measurement of zone of inhibition.The outcome was the leaves extract consisted of active phytoconstituents which were phenols, glycoside, sugar and avanoid due to which the extract showed signicant zone of inhibition,by which property of antibacterial and antifungal was listed. It can be concluded that the leaves of Pithecellobium dulce consist of active phytoconstituents which can be used as potent antimicrobials

N-acetyl -β-D-glucosaminidase activity in cow milk as an indicator of mastitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Hovinen ◽  
Heli Simojoki ◽  
Reeta Pösö ◽  
Jenni Suolaniemi ◽  
Piret Kalmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Activity of lysosomal N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in milk has been used as an indicator of bovine mastitis. We studied NAGase activity of 808 milk samples from healthy quarters and quarters of cows with spontaneous subclinical and clinical mastitis. Associations between milk NAGase activity and milk somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis causing pathogen, quarter, parity, days in milk (DIM) and season were studied. In addition, the performance of NAGase activity in detecting clinical and subclinical mastitis and distinguishing infections caused by minor and major bacteria was investigated. Our results indicate that NAGase activity can be used to detect both subclinical and clinical mastitis with a high level of accuracy (0·85 and 0·99). Incomplete correlation between NAGase activity and SCC suggests that a substantial proportion of NAGase activity comes from damaged epithelial cells of the udder in addition to somatic cells. We therefore recommend determination of NAGase activity from quarter foremilk after at least six hours from the last milking using the method described. Samples should be frozen before analysis. NAGase activity should be interpreted according to DIM, at least during the first month of lactation. Based on the results of the present study, a reference value for normal milk NAGase activity of 0·1–1·04 pmoles 4-MU/min/μl for cows with ≥30 DIM (196 samples) could be proposed. We consider milk NAGase activity to be an accurate indicator of subclinical and clinical mastitis.

scholarly journals Spontán bakteriális peritonitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Bálint Velkey ◽  
Eszter Vitális ◽  
Zsuzsanna Vitális
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis occurs most commonly in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Pathogens get into the circulation by intestinal translocation and colonize in peritoneal fluid. Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is based on elevated polymorphonuclear leukocyte count in the ascites (>0,25 G/L). Ascites culture is often negative but aids to get information about antibiotic sensitivity in positive cases. Treatment in stable patient can be intravenous then orally administrated ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while in severe cases intravenous III. generation cephalosporin. Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often caused by Gram-positive bacteria and multi-resistant pathogens can also be expected thus carbapenem should be the choice of the empiric treatment. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered. Norfloxacin is used most commonly, but changes are expected due to increase in quinolone resistance. As a primary prophylaxis, a short-term antibiotic treatment is recommended after gastrointestinal bleeding for 5 days, while long-term prophylaxis is for patients with low ascites protein, and advanced disease (400 mg/day). Secondary prophylaxis is recommended for all patients recovered from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Due to increasing antibiotic use of antibiotics prophylaxis is debated to some degree. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(2), 50–57.

scholarly journals BIODIVERSITY OF SPECIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF BOVINE MILK WITH CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
V. Mazurenko ◽  
D. Dreval ◽  
I. Sobko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Microbiological Data

This article was discussed the problems biodiversity of cow mastitis. The purpose of the work was to conduct a statistical analysis of microbiological data milk samples from cows with mastitis in order to ensure the targeted use of antibiotics on Ukrainian farms. Also, the article reveals the problems of the aseptic sampling technique for analysis, which complicates their identification. The obtained milk samples from 20 farm of Ukraine were examined using microbiology methods. As a result, 41% of all isolated bacteria were contagious mastitis agents: 15% of Staphylococcus aureus and 26% of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 59% were environmental mastitis agents. The most bacteria refer to Gram (+) microflora, namely streptococci (22.5% - Streptococcus spp. (S.agalactiae not include) and coagulase-negative stain (CNS) of staphylococci (14% - Staphylococcus spp. CNS). 18.5% of all isolated isolates are identified as Gram (-) microflora: for by Gram (-) microflora: 11% - E.coli, 6% -Pasteurella spp., 1.5% - Proteus spp. Mastitis caused by fungi (yeast), accounted for 1.5% of all diagnosed mastitis. Most of the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and gentamicin -93, 5%. The smallest number of isolates were sensitive to tylosin- 20,9% and streptomycin- 48,3%. A significant percentage (83.8% -54.8%) of obtained isolates were sensitive to rifampicin, amoxicillin, bacitracin, cloxacillin, trimethoprim, florfenicol, ampicillin, lincomycin, cephalexin, enrofloxacin, neomycin, penicillin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document