N-acetyl -β-D-glucosaminidase activity in cow milk as an indicator of mastitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Hovinen ◽  
Heli Simojoki ◽  
Reeta Pösö ◽  
Jenni Suolaniemi ◽  
Piret Kalmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Activity of lysosomal N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in milk has been used as an indicator of bovine mastitis. We studied NAGase activity of 808 milk samples from healthy quarters and quarters of cows with spontaneous subclinical and clinical mastitis. Associations between milk NAGase activity and milk somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis causing pathogen, quarter, parity, days in milk (DIM) and season were studied. In addition, the performance of NAGase activity in detecting clinical and subclinical mastitis and distinguishing infections caused by minor and major bacteria was investigated. Our results indicate that NAGase activity can be used to detect both subclinical and clinical mastitis with a high level of accuracy (0·85 and 0·99). Incomplete correlation between NAGase activity and SCC suggests that a substantial proportion of NAGase activity comes from damaged epithelial cells of the udder in addition to somatic cells. We therefore recommend determination of NAGase activity from quarter foremilk after at least six hours from the last milking using the method described. Samples should be frozen before analysis. NAGase activity should be interpreted according to DIM, at least during the first month of lactation. Based on the results of the present study, a reference value for normal milk NAGase activity of 0·1–1·04 pmoles 4-MU/min/μl for cows with ≥30 DIM (196 samples) could be proposed. We consider milk NAGase activity to be an accurate indicator of subclinical and clinical mastitis.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran : short communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghazaei
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Bulk Tank

Mycoplasmas are an important and economically significant cause of mastitis in dairy cows in various parts of the world. The organisms are highly contagious, with the main reservoir of infection originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In 1998 the 1st cases of bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma bovis were diagnosed in Ardabil State, Iran. An investigation was carried out with the aim of establishing the extent of mycoplasma infections in dairy cows in Ardabil State. Milk samples obtained from 80 cows with clinical mastitis were cultured in the laboratory for the presence of mycoplasmas. Similarly, 48 bulk-tank milk samples were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. A modified Hayflick broth was used to isolate the mycoplasmas and an immunoperoxidase test used for the species identification of the isolates. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 39 (48.75 %) of the clinical mastitis samples and from 48 of the bulk-tank milk samples tested. This indicated that mycoplasma udder infections were more prevalent in dairy cows in Ardabil State than previously thought.

scholarly journals The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvarožková ◽  
Vašíček ◽  
Uhrinčať ◽  
Mačuhová ◽  
Hleba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 &lt; 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 &lt; 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 &lt; 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 &lt; 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC &lt; 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuno Phophi ◽  
Inge-Marie Petzer ◽  
Daniel Nenene Qekwana
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, and financial losses have been reported in dairy cows with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) clinical mastitis, however, studies on CoNS infections are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation in CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. Results A total of 142 confirmed CoNS isolates were used for this study. Biofilm formation was identified in 18% of CoNS tested. Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%) had the highest proportion of biofilm formation followed by S. haemolyticus (4.0%), S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. xylosus, and S. simulans with 1% respectively. Ninety percent (90%) of CoNS were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (AMR) and 51% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance among CoNS was the highest to ampicillin (90%) and penicillin (89%), few isolates resistant to cefoxitin and vancomycin, 9% respectively. Similarly, MDR-S. haemolyticus (44%), MDR-S. epidermidis (65%), and MDR-S. chromogenes (52%) were mainly resistant to penicillins. The most common resistance patterns observed were resistance to penicillin-ampicillin (16%) and penicillin-ampicillin-erythromycin (10%). Only 42% of biofilm positive CoNS were MDR. Conclusion The majority of CoNS in this study were resistance to penicillins. In addition, most isolates were β-lactam resistant and MDR. Biofilm formation among the CoNS in this study was uncommon and there was no significant difference in the proportion of MDR-CoNS based on the ability to form a biofilm.

scholarly journals Study of antibiotic susceptibility of Coagulase- Negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Mahmmoud ◽  
G Shamoon
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples

A total of 141 milk samples were tested belong to 27 cows infected with clinical mastitis and 114 cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis after detected their milk samples by California Mastitis and Whiteside tests, samples were collected from different areas of Mosul city. After the first isolation, the biochemical tests were carried out on all isolation. The samples showed 33 (23.40%) isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (C-NS). S. chromogenes & S. epidermidis were predominant in clinical mastitis, while in the sub-clinical cases the S. haemolyticus was most frequently in isolation. The sensitivity test was carried out on isolated bacteria. The test results showed that there was absolute resistance to ampicillin and 90.9% for Penicillin-G, while the lowest resistance and highest sensitivity of Chloramphenicol was 27.27%, 57.57%, respectively, as well as, isolated give varying sensitivity and resistance to other antibiotics. The use of antibiotics at random and the non-completion of treatment the animal by the owner lead to produce a normal flora resistant to most common veterinary antibiotics used, which can become a pathogen when conditions are available, this shown by the results of the current study.

COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOVINE MASTITIS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE STATUS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. M. Faruk Siddiki
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Mastitis is one of the most prevalent complex diseases of mammals with high economic impact in dairy industry worldwide. Most of the published inland reports on bovine mastitis are mainly based on sub-clinical mastitis and some extent to clinical types. Objectives: The main objectives of this study are (a) to compare the bacterial pathogens associated with sub-clinical, clinical and chronic mastitis, and (b) to detect the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance status of the isolated bacteria from different types of mastitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 539 quarter milk samples, collected from lactating cows of Rajshahi and Mymensingh districts were subjected to standard bacterial culture and biochemical tests during the period of 2010-2011. Antibiogram test was done on bacteria isolated from sub-clinical (n = 444), acute (n = 35) and chronic (n = 60) mastitis cases include Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and E. coli in 78.54%, 80% and 71.67% milk samples as a single and 21.46%, 20% and 28.33% as mixed infection, respectively. Results: The Staphylococcus spp. was recorded as major pathogen for all the sub-clinical (42.15%), acute (45.71%) and chronic (41.67%) mastitis cases. The right hind quarters were found significantly (p < 0.05) more affected with sub-clinical, acute and chronic types of mastitis than other three quarters in cows. The highest sensitivity (up to 100%) was recorded with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin against all the tested four organisms isolated from sub-clinical, clinical and chronic mastitis cases. Antibiotic resistance was highly prevalent, especially streptomycin (70-100%), amoxicillin (30-100%) and ampicillin (0-100%) against the four isolated bacteria of three different types of mastitis. Conclusions: It may be concluded that there is a need to establish a nationwide plan for monitoring the resistance of antibiotics and ensure the cautious use of antibiotics in the veterinary medical practices. Keywords: Bovine mastitis, Clinical mastitis, Subclinical mastitis, Chronic mastitis, Mastitic bacterial pathogens and Antibiogram

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mastitis Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates From Cattle and Buffaloes in Northwest of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Ali ◽  
Kamran ◽  
Abdur Raziq ◽  
Inamullah Wazir ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Mastitis is the most prevalent disease of dairy animals, imparting huge economic losses to the dairy industry. There is always a dire need to monitor the prevalence of mastitis, its bacteriology, and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities for mastitis control and prevention. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate: (i) the prevalence of mastitis in cattle and buffaloes; (ii) identification of bacteria associated with mastitis; (iii) antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates. Milk samples (n = 1,566) from cattle (n = 1,096) and buffaloes (n = 470) were processed for detection of mastitis using the California mastitis test in the year 2018–19. A total of 633 mastitic milk samples were further processed for bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method. Overall, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 17 and 57% in both species. Clinical mastitis was higher in cattle (20%) compared to buffaloes (11%), whereas subclinical was higher in buffaloes (66%) than cattle (53%). Besides, month-wise prevalence was higher in hot and humid months in both species. Staphylococci spp. (34%) were the most predominant bacterial isolates from mastitic milk, followed by Escherichia coli (19.4%), Streptococci spp. (9%), and Klebsiella spp. (8%). Most of the bacteria were susceptible to gentamicin (92%) and enrofloxacin (88%), when a panel of 16 different antimicrobials was tested. Nevertheless, most of the isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole (99%), lincomycin (98%), oxytetracycline (89%), ampicillin (86%), and doxycycline (85%). This study concludes a high prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcal spp. in cattle and buffaloes belonging to the northwest of Pakistan, and gentamicin and enrofloxacin might be appropriate antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bovine mastitis.

Association between Somatic Cell Count, Electric Conductivity and pH in Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Sahu ◽  
S. Nanavati ◽  
S. S. Tomar ◽  
D. S. Yadav ◽  
M. S. Jamra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Crossbred Cows

The objective of the present study was to determine the relation between somatic cell count (SCC), Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of milk for diagnosis of subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). For this a total of 120 samples were collected from crossbred cows of organised and norganised dairy farms for determination of EC, SCC and pH. On the basis of SCC, the cows were categorized as healthy(SCC below 2×105 per ml), subclinical mastitis (SCC in the range 2×105 - 3×105 per ml)and mastitis(SCC more than 3×105 per ml).The values of milk SCC and EC were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in crossbred cows having subclinical and clinical mastitis. Milk pH ranged from 6.48 to 6.62 in healthy and subclinical cases,whereas pH 7.03 was observed in clinical mastitis cases. There was a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05) between SCC, EC and milk pH.

scholarly journals Alternative treatment of bovine mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Mimoune ◽  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
Oumayma Benadjel ◽  
Djamel Khelef ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Homeopathic Preparation

The treatment of mastitis is based mainly on the use of antibiotics. However, in recent times, an increase in resistance phenomena and the presence of residues in milk and their derivatives has been reported. Few studies have focused on the treatment of mastitis by homeopathy elsewhere or in Algeria. The objective of this current study aimed to clarify in particular the interest of homeopathy in the treatment of mastitis. The study was carried out on two dairy farms on a total of 14 cows located in Laghouat region (southern Algeria). Before the start of the experiment, a tolerance test was performed on two cull cows free from any apparent infection (except mastitis). Local and general reactions were noted at specific times. A total of 31 mammary quarters received 4 intramammary injections of a homeopathic preparation containing several natural products every 12h over 48h. A clinical examination and an analysis of the milk samples on D0, D7 and D14 were performed on all cows and the conclusion was made on the day 14. Data showed a very good tolerance to the homeopathic preparation and a 75% cure rate of the clinical mastitis. An improvement with a decrease in CMT score was also noted. In addition, healing rates of 51.85% for subclinical mastitis on D7 and 59.29% on D14 were also reported. Ultimately, homeopathy could, in some cases, represent an alternative to antibiotic therapy and bring an advantage to breeders. Further investigations should be performed in the future.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of clinical and subclinical mastitis in a rural property in Carambeí, State of Paraná

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e32310313411
Author(s):  
Djalma Cesar Clock ◽  
Gislaine Gabardo ◽  
Josiel Rodrigues da Luz ◽  
Giovani Mansani de Araujo Avila
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The aim of the present study was to diagnose clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in a property in the municipality of Carambeí-PR. 86 dairy cows were diagnosed in two evaluations carried out on July 23 and November 4, 2020. The detection of clinical mastitis was performed by testing the black-bottomed mug, whereas the detection of animals with sub-clinical mastitis by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and laboratory analysis of bacteria and fungi present. In the first evaluation, 9.4% of the animals had mastitis, while in the second 5.16% of the herd. The milk of the animals that tested positive were submitted to laboratory analysis. In the first evaluation, they were diagnosed with an incidence of 15% Escherichia coli, 15% Prothoteca / yeast, 23% Staphlococcus aureus, 46% Streptococcus agalactiae. In the second evaluation, there was an incidence of 25% Enterococcus sp. and 25% S. agalactiae, the other animals showed 50% Staphlococcus non aureus. There was a higher occurrence of subclinical mastitis in the property, in both evaluations. There was a reduction from the first to the second evaluation in the incidence of cases of subclinical mastitis and the cases of clinical mastitis were resolved. Contributing to the lower disposal of milk caused by the high somatic cell count.

scholarly journals Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽  
Jarosław Bystroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

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