The Paramountcy Principle – a Rights-based Legal Analysis

Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Children Rights

Best interests of the child – a concept serving for the realization and protection of the child’s fundamental rights – has been a subject for debates since its formation. While indeterminate and flexible to each single case by its nature, it is still deemed to be one of the most effective tools with regard to children rights law. The present Article aims at illustrating the value the concept should be accorded to, together with the degree of its implementation in the legislation of Georgia, rather than concentrating on the notion’s indeterminacy. For this reason, the Article will demonstrate meaning, importance, place of the best interests of the child at both – international and local levels.

Opinions Regarding the Principle of Promoting with Priority the Superior Interest of the Child in the Regulation of Law No. 272/2004 and the Romanian Civil Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici ◽  
Andrei Murgu ◽  
Teodor Bodoașcă
Keyword(s):  
Children's Rights ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Regulation Of Law

SummaryThe study is devoted mainly to the logical-legal analysis of the provisions of art. 2 of Law no. 272/2004 on the promotion and protection of children’s rights, as well as art. 263 of the Civil Code, which establish the main normative solutions regarding the “priority promotion of the principle of the best interests of the child”. Although the phrase “the best interests of the child” is used in the construction of many rules of Law no. 272/2004, the Civil Code and other normative acts, the legislator refrained from establishing its significance, leaving this approach to the doctrine. The proposed study is intended to be a contribution to achieving this goal. We were also concerned with the identification of normative inaccuracies and the substantiation of pertinent proposals of lege ferenda for the improvement of the regulations regarding the principle of promoting with priority the principle of the best interest of the child.

scholarly journals El derecho del menor extranjero a ser escuchado y su interés superior en los procedimientos de repatriación | The Right of foreign child to be heard and the best interests of the child in the return process

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elena Arce Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Right ◽  
Return Process ◽  
Children Rights

Resumen: Las dificultades para ser escuchado del menor extranjero en cualquier procedimiento que le afecte ponen de relieve las deficiencias generales existentes en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico para hacer efectivos los derechos de los que son titulares las personas menores de edad, sean extranjeras o no. Se analiza en primer lugar el artículo 12 de la Convención de los Derechos del niño, las condiciones imprescindibles para para hacer efectivo el derecho a ser escuchado y la conexión que existe entre ese derecho y la consideración primordial de su interés superior. A continuación se hace un repaso de la regulación española de los procedimientos de repatriación de menores extranjeros no acompañados a la luz del interés superior del menor y su derecho a ser escuchado. Abstract: The current challenges that migrant children face to have their right to be heard fulfilled and respected, put in evidence the general deficiencies of our legal system ensuring  the effective enjoyment of children rights, irrespective if the children in question are migrant or not. At the outset, article12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its content is analysed, including the essential requirements for an effective implementation and enjoyment of the right to be heard and its linkages with the best interest of the child as the primary consideration. An analysis of the Spanish regulations under the return procedures for unaccompanied foreignchildren is also provided in light of the respect of the best interests of the child and their right to be heard.

Demanding Rights and a Future: Adolescents on the Move for a Better Life

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bhabha
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Right To Health Care ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Socioeconomic Rights ◽  
Migrant Adolescents ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter examines the entitlements that child migrants have as a matter of international and domestic law, along with the reality behind these entitlements. It first explains how access to fundamental rights protection for young people without a government remains elusive before discussing how rightlessness impinges on the material and psychological well-being of adolescent migrants. It then considers two issues that complicate the enforcement of adolescent migrant rights: the relative importance of family unity as a factor in assessing the best interests of children, and the relevance of socioeconomic rights, including access to employment opportunities, in assessing an adolescent's best interests. It also explores the political pronouncements and practical realities regarding the rights of undocumented migrant adolescents and concludes with an assessment of how some states have interpreted their obligations to provide two important sets of human rights for migrant adolescents: access to education and right to health care.

Reflections and Legal Analysis of the Relationship between “Religious Government and Human Rights” from the Perspective of Grand Ayatullāh Muntazirī

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 382-408
Author(s):  
Reza Hajatpour
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liberal Concept

AbstractThis article discusses the book "Religious Government and Human Rights" (Hukūmat-i dīn-i wa huqūq-i insān) by the Shiite Grand Ayatullāh Husayn 'Alī Muntazirī (1922-2009). In this work, he explicitly tackles central issues of religious government and discusses its incongruity with human rights. He advocates the recognition of human rights along general lines, and positions himself firmly against absolutist Islamic rule, thereby undermining the concept of religious authority currently prevalent in the Islamic Republic. Muntazirī justifies these moves by applying the traditional method of jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh), calls for re-arranging the system of how sections of the law are structured and even for the possibility of adding entirely new articles. Iğtihād for him is the renewal of jurisprudence in accordance with the Zeitgeist, with changing social conditions and with scientific discoveries. Jurisprudence, in contrast to revelation, is the work of man and can therefore be questioned and adapted in the light of the principles of reason ('aql). Muntazirī calls for a fresh review of jurisprudence based on the liberal human rights of our time. He also stresses the permanent and universal character of these natural and fundamental rights, which apply in all situations and under all conditions despite cultural and religious differences. For Muntazirī, these fundamental rights are deduced from the very essence of man's existence (insāniyat-i insān), which constitutes their only legitimate source. The roots for Muntazirī's oppositional and critical stance towards the Islamic Republic and its despotic system of rule lie first and foremost in his negative personal experiences with the system. Gradually, these gave way to a critical and more liberal concept of religion and political authority in his thought.

scholarly journals Tiesiskā regulējuma analīze aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas jautājumos

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Sanita Vanaga
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Equal Protection ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Restriction ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unequal Protection

Rakstā ir veikta aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas tiesiskā analīze un aplūkoti problēmjautājumi, kas saistīti ar aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas sekām. Tā kā likuma izpratnē bērns ir nepilngadīga persona līdz 18 gadu sasniegšanai un viņam trūkst rīcībspējas, bērna aizgādības tiesības īsteno viņa dabiskie aizbildņi – vecāki. Aizgādības tiesību būtība ir ļoti plaša, un to īstenošana vai tiesiska ierobežošana ir aplūkojama no vairākiem aspektiem, kas uzskatāmi norāda uz vairākiem problēmjautājumiem. Publikācijā īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas veidiem un to ietekmei uz bērna tiesību un interešu nodrošināšanu. Veicot tiesiskā regulējuma analīzi, tika konstatēts, ka ir trīs aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas veidi. Taču šo tiesību ierobežošanas gadījumā bērnu tiesību un interešu nodrošināšana ir nevienlīdzīga un interpretējama atbilstoši noteiktajiem ierobežojumiem un bērna vecāku izpratnei par aizgādības tiesību būtību. Pētījuma mērķis ir identificēt problēmjautājumus un sniegt priekšlikumus tiesiskā regulējuma pilnveidošanai, lai visos aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas gadījumos bērna tiesību un interešu nodrošināšana būtu vienlīdzīga un bērna vislabākajās interesēs. Raksts veidots divās daļās. Pirmajā daļā aplūkoti aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas veidi un to tiesiskās ierobežošanas problēmjautājumi, savukārt otrajā daļā analizēta aizgādības tiesību ierobežošanas ietekme uz bērna tiesību un interešu nodrošināšanu. The article addresses the question of the legal analysis of the restriction of custody rights and the issues related to the consequences of the restriction of custody rights. As within the meaning of law, a child is a minor until the age of 18, thus he or she lacks the legal capacity, the child’s custody rights are exercised by his or her natural guardians – parents. The nature of custody rights is very broad, and their exercise or legal restriction can be viewed from several aspects, which clearly raises a number of issues. The publication pays special attention to the ways of restricting custody and their impact on ensuring the rights and interests of a child. The analysis of the legal framework revealed that there are three types of restriction of custody rights, which ensure unequal protection of a child’s rights and interests, as the restrictions is interpreted according to the understanding of custody rights by the child’s parents. The aim of the study is to identify the problematic issues and make proposals for the improvement of the legal framework, in order to reach equal protection of the rights and interests of a child in all cases of restriction of custody rights, which would be in the best interests of a child. The article consists of two parts. The first part discusses the types of restriction of custody rights and the problems of their legal limitation, while the second part analyses the impact of restriction of custody rights on ensuring the rights and interests of a child.

scholarly journals International adoption: lex adoptio and the plurality of connecting factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Kseniya Olegovna Trinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Adoption ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
European Court ◽  
Substantive Law

This article analyzes the substantive law and conflict of laws law of such countries as Austria, Venezuela, Germany, Dominican Republic, Iceland, Spain, Canada (Quebec), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, as well as bilateral agreements on legal aid, case law of the European Court of Human Rights, which demonstrates the presence general principles of law, as well as the principle of protecting the weaker party to the legal relationship, the principle of observance of best interests of a child established by the universal multilateral international agreements: Convention on Human Rights of 1950, Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989, Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. The author examines the relevant issues of the conflict of laws regarding the manifestation of the conflict of jurisdictions, plurality of connecting factors in regulation of a set of private law relations associated with international adoption. The result of the conducted research consists in formulation of a special statute of adoption (lex adoptio), analysis of its legal nature and scope. In the context of examination of the procedure for establishing international adoption, the author identifies the problem of dépeçage (different issues within a single case are governed by the laws of different jurisdictions). A classification is provided to the combinations of plurality of connecting factors established by the legislation of foreign countries, as well as multilateral international agreement – the Inter-American Convention on Conflict of Laws Concerning the Adoption of Minors of 1984).

scholarly journals Transforming Georgia’s regulations on Shareholders’ right to interim dividend Confronting the European Company Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Ana Tokhadze
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Company ◽  
European Company Law ◽  
Dividend Distribution ◽  
Financial Interests

Abstract The article provides a critical legal analysis of Georgia’s regulations on the interim dividend payment and highlights the necessity of proper amendments to comply with European company law. Since having an EU-Georgia Association Agreement signed, the dynamic process of Europeanization has put various legislative changes on the agenda, which also regard shareholders’ proprietary rights. This article briefly gives a novel insight into the distribution of interim dividends from a comparative point of view. It suggests the possibly scrutinized coverage of the legal preconditions along with liability consequences for the interim dividend declaration from the perspective of both shareholders and joint stock companies in Georgia. The article emphasizes the structure of the corporation, which naturally bedrocks the potential conflict of interests between the shareholders and creditors. The topic also endorses questioning Georgia’s rules on capital maintenance in relation to the interim dividend distribution. Hence, the study reveals prevailing regulatory lapses and makes pertinent recommendations on the alignment of the financial interests of those mentioned. Last but not least, the article exposes how directors on the credible basis of their fiduciary duties are assigned to divert assets of the corporation since their rationality in decision-making is expected to meet the best interests of the company.

scholarly journals Any Chance for the Enforceability of the Human Right to Subsistence?

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-162
Author(s):  
Celia Fernández Aller
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Right

It is not true that the idea of the right to subsistence should not give rise to much controversy. In fact, social rights are not considered as fundamental rights by everyone. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether abstract social rights –and the right to subsistence in particular- should be put in constitutions and laws and if judges should be given powers to interpret them. The philosophical foundations and the content of the right are studied and five great challenges are presented, although the most powerful one is to focus on the social and political enforceability of the fundamental right to subsistence. Assessing the effectiveness of the right to subsistence, and the right to food particularly, is a complex issue. In the legal discourse, the question seems to be only suggested.  Even when the Constitutions expressly recognize this right in some countries, its implementation faces many constraints. The progressive realization of ESC rights requires a complex interaction of policies and programs in a wide range of sectors and institutions.The scientific method used in this work is the legal-sociological method, regarding the understanding of the rules, the lack of them, their effectiveness,  etc.   Several methodological techniques have been used, such as social and legal analysis, legal deduction and induction, description and interdisciplinarity.

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