scholarly journals Using Clinical and Biochemical Parameters for Safer Discharges in COVID-19: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Lashmar V ◽  
Siddavaram S ◽  
D’Cruz LG ◽  
Khan AB ◽  
Husain SA
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Prognostic Outcome ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
Control Study

The objective of this retrospective case control study was to determine clinical and biochemical parameters associated with a poorer prognostic outcome in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonias and use these to create safe discharge guidelines. This study in a single respiratory ward of a district general hospital compared admission and discharge C- reactive protein (CRP) levels, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, respiratory rate, oxygen saturations and NEWS2 score from two groups of patients admitted with either confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (46 patients) or pneumonia of other aetiology (45 patients). Outcome was defined as either ‘good’ or ‘poor’. Combined values of prognostic markers analysed by binary logistic regression followed by ROC analysis showed a final combined AUC value of 0.955 thus yielding a test that had a better prognostic capability in predicting the outcome of patients with COVID-19. This combined test could be used to guide safe discharge of patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

scholarly journals Eosinopenia and elevated C-reactive protein facilitate triage of COVID-19 patients in fever clinic: A retrospective case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilin Li ◽  
Xiuli Ding ◽  
Geqing Xia ◽  
Heng-Gui Chen ◽  
Fenghua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Control Study

Threshold values of antibodies to estrogen, progesteron and benzo [a] pyrene as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Artymuk ◽  
Vitaliy O. Chervov ◽  
Larissa N. Danilova ◽  
Elena G. Polenok ◽  
Olga Zotova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Conventional Unit ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study was to determine the level of antibodies (AB) of Ig classes A and G to estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and benzo [a] pyrene (Bp) in patients with endometriosis of various severity and estimate their threshold values as a risk factor for the development of endometriosis. Methods A retrospective case–control study was performed. The study involved 200 women. Group I: women with endometriosis (n=100), Group II: patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility (n=100). All patients underwent immunological studies of blood serum; and the levels of steroid hormones (P, E2), antibodies to them and Bp were determined. A ROC analysis was carried out to identify threshold values of antibodies levels. Results Women with endometriosis were found to have statistically significantly higher levels of antibodies IgA and IgG to E2, P and benzo [a] pyrene compared to women of Group II. The threshold levels of IgA-Bp, IgA-E2 and IgA-P are >5 CU (conventional unit), IgG-Bp, IgG-E2>9 CU and IgG-P>8 CU. The level of IgG-P in patients with severe forms of endometriosis is statistically significantly higher than in minor forms of the disease. In case of severe forms, there is a tendency to increasing other classes of antibodies. Conclusions Patients with endometriosis usually have a higher level of IgA and IgG to Bp, E2, P. Their threshold values, which are risk factors for the development of the disease, are estimated.

scholarly journals Validation of the demographic Fetal Medicine Foundation Risk Calculator in predicting singleton antepartum stillbirth -- A retrospective case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Muin ◽  
Karin Windsperger ◽  
Nadia Attia ◽  
Herbert Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Calculator ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: To externally validate the demographic setting of the online Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) Stillbirth Risk Calculator based upon maternal medical and obstetric history in a case-matched cohort. Design: Retrospective case-control study Setting: Tertiary referral hospital Population: 144 fetuses after singleton intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and a matched control group of 247 singleton live births between 2003 and 2019 Methods: Nonparametric receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to predict the prognostic power of the risk score and to generate a cut-off value to discriminate best between the events of stillbirth versus live birth. Main Outcome Measures: FMF Stillbirth risk score Results: The IUFD cohort conveyed a significantly higher overall risk assessment with a median FMF Stillbirth risk score of 0.45% (0.19-5.70%) compared to live births [0.23% (0.18-1.30%); p<0.001]. Demographic factors mainly contributing to the increased risk were BMI (p=0.002), smoking (p<0.001), chronic hypertension (p=0.015), APS (p=0.017), type 2 diabetes (p<0.001) and need for insulin (p<0.001). ROC analysis to evaluate the discriminative ability of the FMF Stillbirth Risk Calculator showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.78; p<0.001). The FMF Stillbirth risk score at a cut-off level of 0.34% (OR 6.22; 95% CI 3.91–9.89; p<0.001) yielded a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 58% in predicting singleton antepartum stillbirths. Conclusion: The FMF Stillbirth Risk Calculator achieved a similar performance in our cohort of women as in the reference group.

scholarly journals CD4/CD8 ratio as a predictor for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in HIV / AIDS patients during 6 months of cART therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refet Gojak ◽  
Vesna Hadžiosmanović ◽  
Rusmir Baljić ◽  
Lamija Zečević ◽  
Jozo Ćorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Summary Background HIV infection is characterized by progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells due to their reduced synthesis and increased destruction followed by marked activation and expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. CD4/CD8 ratio was traditionally described as a marker of immune system ageing in the general population, but it increasingly appears as a marker of different outcomes in the HIV-infected population. The main objective of this study is to examine the power of CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV-positive patients receiving cART therapy. Methods 80 HIV/AIDS subjects were included in a retrospective case-control study. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood of these patients. The values of biochemical parameters (triglycerides, HDL, blood sugar, blood counts), immunological parameters (CD4/CD8, PCR), anthropometric measurements and type of cART therapy were evaluated in this study. Results After six months of cART therapy 19 (23.8%) subjects had all the elements necessary for making the diagnosis of MetS. Using multivariate analysis CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and had the largest effect on development of MetS (Wald = 9.01; OR = 0.45), followed by cART (Wald = 7.87; OR = 0.10) and triglycerides (Wald = 5.27; OR = 1.7). On the other hand, body weight and waist circumference showed no statistically significant effect on the development of MetS after six months of cART, p > 0.05. Conclusions CD4/CD8 ratio proved to be a significant marker for prediction of metabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients.

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