scholarly journals Activities of the Nizhny Novgorod river police (1882—1917)

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Aleksej Halin ◽  
Anna Mochalova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Xix Century

This article is devoted to the activities of the river police in Nizhny Novgorod in the second half of the XIX century (1882—1917). based on archival historical documents, the article examines the legal framework, the main tasks and functions of the Nizhny Novgorod river police, its structure and organizational, financial, and staffing problems of the river police in Nizhny Novgorod

scholarly journals Sanitation and hygiene school schools in Tobolsk province in the end of XIX century

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Valitov ◽  
I. S. Tomilov ◽  
D. Yu. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

In the article there is considered the history of the development of sanitary and hygienic standards in school institutions of Tobolsk province in the late XIX century. In comparative terms there is characterized the presented in that period the legal framework regulating of abidance by hygienic and sanitary standards in educational institutions. There was executed an careful analysis of hygienic conditions on the example of the Tobolsk male gymnasium with a comparison of similar conditions in another Siberian educational/childcare institution - the Yenisei female progymnasium. The main sources in the study were reports of educators: I. Gursky - about hygienic living conditions of the inmates of the Tobolsk gymnasium and P.M. Golovachev - about sanitary conditions in the Yenisei female gymnasium. Contemporaries paid a great attention to such health and safety standards as heating, ventilation, lighting, capacity of classrooms and boarding facilities, the violation of which led to a deterioration in the health of students and the growth of the epidemics in mention educational institutions

scholarly journals Garnisaires in France during the Napoleonic Wars: regulation of repressive measures for maintaining conscription

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
Mikhail Vladimirovich Krichevtsev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Director General ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
First Empire ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Napoleon I ◽  
Xix Century

The Institution of garnisaires was intended for providing lodging to bystanders in the homes of residents in order to comply with the requirements of the government. In France of the early XIX century, it was implemented as a repressive measure to ensure conscription of the recalcitrant. The article describes the legal regulation of the institution of garnisaires in conducting conscription in France of the period of the Consulship and the First Empire. The object of this research is the Institution of garnisaires in the early XIX century; while the changes in legal regulation of this institution throughout the ruling of the First Consul and Emperor Napoleon I. The article employs the normative legal acts of the early XIX century: imperial decrees, governmental acts, executive orders and instructions of the officials of the central and local administration; as well as contextual analysis of legal acts, comparative-historical, and chronological methods. Taking into account that the topic of legal regulation of the institution of garnisaires is poorly covered, the article comprehensively analyzes the content of the fundamental legal acts, determines the peculiarities of stern measures applied for maintaining conscription at different stages of the reign of Napoleon I. The conclusion is made that the legal regulation of the institution of garnisaires during the indicated period has evolved from the first attempts to establish the practice of lodgment as repression, initially not implying specific restrictions, to introduction of more balanced and detailed regulation of the institution with a range of restrictive measures. The formation of legal framework of the institution was completed by 1807–1808 with issuing of the decrees of the Emperor and instructions of the Director General of Military Conscription Jean-Girard Lacuée.

scholarly journals Role of the institutions of provincial government in resolving social problems of the population of the Belarusian provinces (1861–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
N. S. Motorova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Xix Century

The article describes the structure and powers of the provincial government in the implementation of the main directions of state social policy. It was noted that on theterritoryofBelarusthey played a major role in solving the social problems of the population due to the lack of zemstvos. The outdated legal framework and the lack of a clear division of functions hampered their effectiveness.In the mid 1880s regulatory committees were established in the structure of the provincial institutions. On the territory of the Belarusian provinces they played an important role in the implementation of social policy, as they controlled the financing of the rural­medical part and partly public charity. However, the experience of the activities of the regulatory committees was unsatisfactory. In this regard, at the end of the XIX century the Interior Ministry proposed to eliminate them, as well as to abolish the provincial food commissions and departments of public charity. It was planned to transfer their functions to the zemstvos. This proposal was implemented partially, as a result of the introduction of the institutions of local economy in theVitebsk,MinskandMogilevprovinces in 1903.At the end of the XIX century in the structure of the provincial administration ofBelaruswere created the offices which were entrusted with the functions of monitoring compliance with the workers’ legislation, and then the insurance of workers. They were formed under the influence of new social demands. These offices corresponded to new social and economic conditions, in contrast to the provincial institutions, which managed public charity, national food and health care.

scholarly journals Legal cooperation between Russia and the USA: historical roots of modern problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
R. V. Yengibaryan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
World War ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Xix Century

Introduction. Relations between Russia and the United States have nearly three centuries of history, and for more than two hundred years the countries had diplomatic relations which were interrupted for sixteen years from 1917 to 1933. Perhaps the XIX century was the most peaceful and fruitful for our countries when the interests of the Russian Empire and the United States on the world stage did not contradict each other, often coincided, thus excluding confrontation between the two nation-states. The XIX century for Russia and the United States was marked by the singing of a number of bilateral treaties, including the treaty on the extradition of criminals, which consolidated their partnership.On the contrary, the XX century is marked by unstable and cyclical relations between the two countries. The rejection of Soviet power, the long period of non-recognition of the Soviet Union was followed in 1933 by mutual multifaceted cooperation between the USSR and the United States, which included the legal sphere, and by the allied relations during the Second World War. The second half of the twentieth century was the time of open confrontation between the two world giants, when the crisis of relations between the USSR and the United States put the world on the brink of world war III. In such conditions, there could be no talk of improving the legal framework of legal cooperation, and the agreement on the procedure for execution of court orders concluded in 1935 did not find its practical application.Modern Russia has assumed the entire burden of problems and contradictions in legal cooperation with the United States. Searching for ways out of them is possible only on the basis of historical analysis of their prerequisites, taking into account the peculiarities of modern international relations.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena in the relationship and mutual conditionality using a set of general and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality. The historical method contributed to the restoration of the chronological sequence of legal cooperation between Russia (USSR) and the United States. The method of actualization made it possible to identify the historical factors that determined the peculiarities of international cooperation in the legal sphere. The method of diachronization made it possible to identify certain successive stages in the development of international legal cooperation between Russia (USSR) and the United States, to compare them, to identify patterns of development.Results. In the framework of the study, the author found that inter-state legal cooperation is an integral part of the foreign policy of states. The international legal basis of cooperation between Russia and the United States in civil, family and criminal cases was created in a different historical era, does not meet modern international relations, and is poorly implemented by the justice authorities of the two States.There is no treaty on legal assistance in civil and family matters that is fundamental to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens of both States, and there are no provisions on extradition in the Treaty on legal assistance in criminal matters.Discussion and Conclusions. The international legal framework of cooperation between the Russian Federation (and earlier - the Soviet Union) and the United States of America in the legal sphere; the problems of implementation of international legal assistance in civil, family and criminal cases are researched. The main provisions of the Treaty on mutual legal assistance in criminal cases of 2000; multilateral Conventions on the service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial cases of 1965 are analyzed. The 1958 Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, the 1935 Agreement “On the procedure for the execution of court orders between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America” were explored. The prospects for the development of legal cooperation between Russia and the United States are shown.

scholarly journals Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
N. I. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Material Base ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Development of Oikonymic System in Northern Lyudik Language Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
I. I. Mullonen ◽  
A. Yu. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Language Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

Some aspects of the formation of the oikonymic system of the local territory during the second half of the II millennium, which is caused, on the one hand, by the development of the settlement structure, and on the other, by the laws of toponymic nomination are discussed in the article. The material for analysis was information from historical documents (cadastres, census lists, lists of populated areas) of the 16th - early 20th centuries, as well as the results of field gatherings in the territory of the northwestern Onega inhabited by Karelian people. It is proved that the system of oikonyms includes elements dating back to different chronological periods. At the same time, oikonymic models are identified that mark individual stages in the development of the system. Particular attention is paid to the existence of oikonyms on two levels: official (written) and unofficial (oral). Of these, the former was more conservative, and the latter was more responsive to changes in circumstances related to the life of the settlement, change of ownership of the courtyard, etc. It was revealed that the widespread adoption and consolidation in the official practice of popular names occurred in the middle of the XIX century. The relevance of the study lies in a number of new etymological interpretations of oikonyms, for which historical sources are used, which made it possible to build chains of successively changing variants of the name. As a result, some Karelian folk forms of Orthodox names were reconstructed, and the list of non-calendar Karelian anthroponyms was expanded.

scholarly journals HOLY ASCENSION MONASTERY NEAR DUBNO IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2019–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Yuriy Pshenichny ◽  
Volodymyr Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
National University ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village

The study of the sacred monuments of Volyn requires the involvement of new sources. Some religious centers have disappeared, leaving only a mention of their existence in historical documents. Such sites include the Holy Ascension Convent (also known as Pidboretsky), which was founded on April 8, 1592 on the island of Dubovets among the Surmytsky pond in Dubno. During 2019-2020, archeological research was organized here by the State Historical and Cultural Reserve of Dubno together with the Interregional Public Scientific Organization «Dubno Archaeological Center» and students majoring in «History and Archeology» of the National University «Ostroh Academy». During this time it was investigated part of the large secular cemetery near the monastery arose at the final stage of its existence, not earlier than the second half of the XVIII century. It was established that in this area approximately after the 1660s, pits were arranged, necessary for the disposal of significant accumulations of garbage and construction waste. In turn, this may indicate that the area opened by excavation 2 from the time of the foundation of the monastery remained free from construction. However, it is possible that there were some buildings on it, but the peculiarities of the structures did not contribute to their archaeologicalization. Burial in the cemetery, discovered during excavations, probably continued even after the liquidation of the monastery in 1832. The upper chronological limit of the cemetery is the middle of the XIX century. This dating is due to the construction of a new church in the village of Pidbortsi in 1850, after which the old monastery church on the island was dismantled, although the burials of the villagers probably continued here for some time.

scholarly journals BIOGRAPHY OF MUHAMMAD AL-QUDUQI, WRITTEN BY KUDIYAV SAID AL-QUDUQI (1842-1919): TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Magomed G Shekhmagomedov ◽  
Shahban M Khapizov
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Xix Century

The personality of an outstanding medieval Daghestan scholar Muhammad al-Quduqi, ar-Rugzhi ad-Dagistani (1652-1717), evokes the interest of historians since the very XIX century. Despite this, there are a lot of blank spaces in his biography. In the XIX - early XX centuries, Daghestan ulama and biographical researchers highly appreciated the contribution of this scientist to the formation of Islamic culture in Daghestan. The life and work of Alim al-Quduqi is remarkable, mainly due to the fact that they give us examples of the life of the Daghestan society of the second half of the XVII - early XVIII century. Among those are an internal political struggle in Daghestan (moving from Khindalal to Andalal); the ratio of adat and sharia laws within the legal framework (moving from Daghestan to Sham); educational practice (getting education from different ulama of Daghestan and the Arab world; teaching foreigners), academic life (correspondence with scholars, answers to legal issues, development of the system of signs, writing academic papers), etc. The article provides commentaries on the translation of a new source of the biography of al-Quduqi. This is a brief biography of the scholar, written in Arabic in the early XX century. The author of this biography is Kudiyav Said al-Quduqi (1842-1919). Later on, it came into possession of his disciple Mas'ud al-Muguhi (1893-1941), who edited it and sent it to his son Abdulatip al-Hutsuvi (1851-1891). The biography contains a number of new facts about Muhammad al-Quduqi, which have not been previously introduced to scientific circulation and which, in our opinion, allow us to understand the scale of the scholar's personality and reveal a number of previously unknown names of Daghestan scholars of the XVII - XVIII centuries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document