scholarly journals BIOCERAMIC COMPOSITE: HEN’S EGGSHELL CHARACTERIZATION AND MAIN APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Jenniffer Syreetta de Oliveira Spelta ◽  
André Gustavo de Sousa Galdino
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Chicken Eggshell

The chicken eggshell is a bioceramic composite which constitutes a solid waste material whose final disposal is complex and expensive. Brazil generates significant amounts of eggshell residue. This work aimed to characterize the eggshells of white, red and backyard hens and indicate their technological potential as raw material for ceramic products manufacturing. The eggshells were crushed, ground, sifted in a ABNT number 80 sieve and subsequently analyzed by X-rays fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analyses (DTA and TGA). Through XRF it was observed that the main constituent of eggshell is calcium oxide (CaO), with different percentages between the eggshell types. XRD analysis indicated that the chicken eggshells used in this work are mainly composed of CaCO3. DTA and TGA demonstrated that the thermal decomposition of the chicken eggshells occurs in three events: water removal; decomposition of organic matter; and decomposition of CaCO3 in CaO and CO2. By reviewing the literature, it was verified that chicken eggshells have important applications since they can be used in biomedicine, civil construction, food industries and as soil nutrients. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the chicken eggshell is rich in CaCO3 and can be easily calcined to obtain CaO.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

The Fabrication of Refractory Cordierite from Aluminium Buff Mixture

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Nuntaporn Kongkajun ◽  
Parinya Chakartnarodom ◽  
Warunee Borwornkiatkaew
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Batch Composition ◽  
Brazilian Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Properties Of Materials

The aim of this work is to propose the utilization of aluminium buff from aluminium part manufacturer as a raw material for cordierite batch composition. The powder mixtures were compacted by uniaxial pressing. The green compacts were sintered at temperature in the range 1300-1400°C for 2 hours in air. The physical properties were characterized by Archimedes method, Brazilian test and dilatometry. Phase and microstructural analysis were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis showed the major phase was cordierite along with sapphirine as a secondary phase. The fired properties of materials were demonstrated that the optimal properties was achieved from the specimen sintered at 1375 °C.

Simple and Easy Method to Synthesize Chicken Eggshell Based Hydroxyapatite

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyanto Tri Wahyudi ◽  
Setia Utami Dewi ◽  
Ajeng Anggraeni ◽  
Kiagus Dahlan ◽  
Akhmaloka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Normal Atmospheric Pressure

Hydroxyapatite is a common material applied in orthophedia and dentistry. The application of this material is currently expanded to biotechnology field, such as to be used as support materials for enzymes immobilization. Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized by utilizing chicken eggshell waste in household and food industries. This work is aiming to provide a simple and easy method to synthesize hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshell. The synthesis of hydroxyapatite was firstly carried out by reacting chicken eggshell powder (calcium precursor) with (NH4)2HPO4via modified precipitation at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. The mixture was then stirred variably for 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests that hydroxyapatite powder derived from this procedure formed a single-phase crystal and it was completely formed after the reaction has run for 1 hour. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the synthesized hydroxyapatite forms a rice-like pattern. The size of hydroxyapatite crystal measured at (002) plane was about 45 nm. Our result showed that simple modified precipitation at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure in one hour reaction has successfully synthesized hydroxyapatite from chicken eggshell.

scholarly journals Solvent-deficient synthesis of nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Zeljkovic ◽  
Jin Miyawaki ◽  
Dragoljub Vrankovic ◽  
Elena Tervoort ◽  
Roland Hauert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Nitrates

Nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? powders were prepared by a cost-effective solvent-deficient method using metal nitrates and ammonium bicarbonate as precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface determination (BET), thermal analyses (TG-DTA-DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the effects of the calcination temperature on the Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? (BSCF) formation. XRD analysis showed that a cubic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? was obtained after heating for 1 h at 1000?C. BSCF nanocrystals with a diameter of about 25 nm were obtained. On the other hand, the sample mass was stabilized at 915?C as recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), indicating a formation of the complex BSCF oxide already at this temperature. The phase transformations during the synthesis of BSCF oxide are defined and confirmed with the note on the instability of the cubic phase. Using the four-point DC measurements between ?73?C and 127?C, the band gap of 0.84 eV was determined. The solvent-deficient method used in this study to synthesize Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? showed distinct advantages in comparison with other synthesis techniques considering simplicity, rapid synthesis, and quality of the produced nanocrystals.

Bayesian Analysis of In-Situ High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction Synchrotron Experiments of Ti-6Al-4V Specimens Undergoing Tensile Loading

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Armstrong ◽  
Peter A. Lynch ◽  
Sitarama R. Kada ◽  
Pavel Cizek ◽  
Justin A. Kimpton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructural Damage

Abstract Linking the accumulation of microstructural damage prior to crack initiation to the lifing of aero-engines components would help to better predict the time that a component spends in this crack initiation stage. We present the results and analysis of in-situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments of a Ti-6Al-4V specimen that experienced tensile loading using medium energy synchrotron X-rays (≤ 21 keV) carried out at the Australian Synchrotron. The XRD analysis characterised XRD line-broadening due to the build-up of dislocations and the formation of crystallites in α- and β-Ti-6Al-4V specimens. Using Bayesian XRD analysis methods, the density, spatial arrangement of dislocations, and crystallite size information for α- and β-phases of the Ti-6Al-4V was extracted from the XRD line-profiles, as a function of applied load. The XRD analysis was then compared and validated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the specimen before and after the loading. Comparison of the TEM and XRD analysis reveals broad agreement in terms of the microstructural damage of Ti-6Al-4V specimens.

Characterization the Raw Material of Filler in Cellulose Film

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 482-485
Author(s):  
Anusorn Montree ◽  
Kanyakorn Teanchai ◽  
Wichian Siriprom
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The aim of this study is preliminary survey the natural material and investigates physicochemical properties of cellulose and chicken eggshell. The chickeneggshell as natural material which used as film filler in the cellulose/CaCO3 biocomposite. The potential and the possibilities of chicken eggshell to use as filler were studied with three conventional analysis techniques, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that the structural of chicken eggshell have calcites phase and the structural of cellulose have amorphous crystalline phase while the chemical composition of both material were investigated by EDXRF which show the organic compound as major element in cellulose but in chicken eggshell the major element is organic compound and calcium (Ca) element. The deeply investigate molecular composition by FT-IR which show the characteristic feature have been studied.

Characterization of Calcium Hydroxide Derived from Waste Eggshell upon Moisture Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
K. Kirdsiri ◽  
J. Kaewkhao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Moisture Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chicken Eggshell

The structural transformations of chicken eggshell sample upon heat treatments and water absorption have been studied after having ground the shells into powders. Structural identifications of chicken eggshell samples were performed by using x-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-rays spectrometer (EDXRF). It was found that the specimen is made of calcite, a common phase of CaCO3 mineral. An then annealing at different temperatures in the range of 300-600C, The chicken eggshell not transformation, but after heat treatment at temperature 900C, the chicken eggshell sample have been transform structural in to oxide compound with calcia phase. In addition, the chicken eggshells have been preparation calcium hydroxide via a water steam route.

Comparation Trace Element and Structural of Filler Materials in Chitosan Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Noppadon Chamchoi ◽  
Narong Sangwaranatee ◽  
Jakrapong Kaewkhao ◽  
A. Montree ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biocomposite Films ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Ft Ir

In present study, the structural and trace element were preliminary survey the potentiality to use as filler material for produced the biocomposite films. The first raw material is chitosan and the second raw material is chicken eggshell. Both raw material were investigated the structural and morphological with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. While, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) were used to investigate functional group and trace element, respectively. The result show that, both material have crystalline structural. The chicken eggshell have calcite structure while the chitosan have amorphos-crystalline structure. The chemical composition in both material compose of P, Ca, Fe similarly but the concentration have been different.

Effect of Ionic Liquids/water Pre-Treatment of Luffa fibres on the Structural Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3587-3590
Author(s):  
Li Wei ◽  
Xiao Qing Shi ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ying Chong Ma ◽  
Ji Xiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pre Treatment

Recently, the use of lignocellulosic fibres to reinforcing composite has received an increased attention. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion makes important the treatment of raw materials. In this study, the raw material Luffa fibres were treated by ionic liquids/water mixture and this treatment proved to be useful by elimination of gummy and waxy substances. The effect of the treatments on the structure of fibres was showed using SEM and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The SEM results revealed that the treatment resulted in a removal of lignin, pectin and hemicellulose substances, and change the characteristics of the surface topography. The XRD analysis shows the increase of crystallinity index.

Preparation and XRD Analysis of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2014 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Noriean Azraaie ◽  
Nurul Aimi Mohd Zainul Abidin ◽  
Nur Ain Ibrahim ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Hardwood is from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of woods include flower, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aim is to discuss the preparation and characterization the cellulose obtained from hardwood and the analysis of the cellulose from x-ray diffraction result. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Ethanol toluene, lignin and holocellulose extraction methods were used for the preparation of cellulose while acid hydrolysis was used to produce the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The untreated (pure hardwood Merbau) and cellulose samples were characterized using XRD. The final products from all samples were then compared.

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