RETENTION CAPACITY OF SOME IRAQI SOILS FOR CESIUM-137 (CS137) RADIONUCLIDES AND ITS RELATION WITH LEACHING SOLUTION

2000 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ramzi Shihab
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Trace Concentration ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean

Cesium-137 has been worldwide used for estimation soil erosion. Its movement and transport in the environmental media depend on its retention by soil. Retention capacity of soil for radionuclides and pollutants as expressed by the distribution coefficient Kd (ratio of radionuclides retained by soil to those remained in liquid) that was estimated for 137Cs in some soils of Iraq. The soils were varied in clay 24.0-50.5%, organic mater 0.5-1.5%, and lime content 28.1-35.0%. Results showed that all the factors investigated were found to alter the values of Kd. The mean of Kd was 774 L kg-1 in the loam soil increased to 4375 L kg-1 in the clay soil when equilibrated with deionized water. These values were reduced to 402 and 1088 L kg-1 in chloride solution and 146 and 297 L kg-1 in groundwater for the loam and clay soils, respectively. The increased liquid to solid ratio showed a tendency to increase the distribution coefficient under the trace concentration of cesium. It was observed that an increase in the distribution coefficient of cesium from 1079 to 3312 L kg-1 when the liquid to solid ratio increased from 1:1 to 10:1. Differences in Kd were explained on the basis of ion exchange mechanism and indicate that certain test conditions. could be adopted by researchers for a precise estimate of the Kd. Such conditions should be corresponded as closely as possible to the natural field conditions.

scholarly journals Efficient Separation of Silicon and Vanadium by Sodium Roasting-Water Leaching from Vanadium Slag and CaV2O6 Preparation

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Changqing Li ◽  
Haichao Zhang ◽  
Ma Tao ◽  
Xufeng Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Product ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Ratio ◽  
Separation Behavior

Calcium vanadate (CaV2O6), a new product of vanadium precipitation, was obtained from vanadium slag by sodium roasting-water leaching and calcium precipitation. The separation behavior of vanadium and silicon in vanadium slag during sodium roasting and water leaching was systematically studied, and micro-morphology and valence migration behavior of vanadium and Fe in vanadium slag, roasting slag, and residue were revealed. The Na2CO3 was added to the vanadium slag at 20% mass fraction, roasted at 790 ℃, and kept for 120 min, the roasted sample was added to the deionized aqueous solution with a liquid-solid ratio of (L/S) 5mL/g, and then heated at 90 ℃ for 60 min, 89.54% vanadium and 1.96% chromium were extracted. Sodium carbonate tends to combine with vanadium to form sodium vanadate, while silicon is easy to combine with Fe and Na to form acmite (NaFeSi2O6). When the molar ratio of N (Ca/V) is 0.6 and CaO, is added to adjust the pH of vanadium leaching solution to 6.7 ± 0.1 and precipitate 90 min at 90 ℃, vanadium is precipitated in the form of CaV2O6 with a purity of 95.69%, under these conditions, the precipitation ratio is 95.03%.

Trace element uptake by two British Columbia forages as affected by poultry manure application

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
L. E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trace Element Uptake

Field experiments evaluated yield response to deep-pit poultry manure application to barley on a clay soil near Prince George and a grass-legume forage on a silty clay loam soil near Chilliwack, B.C. Substantial dry matter yield increases were measured at manure applications up to 20 t ha−1. Subsamples of both crops and the poultry manure were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, B and Co. Selenium analyses were made on selected crop samples. There were no indications of toxicity problems even at 40 t ha−1, the highest application. Copper and Zn concentrations in forages were increased by the poultry manure and the Mn/Cu ratio tended to decrease with manure application. Key words: Orchardgrass, ladino clover, barley, micronutrients

scholarly journals Cadmium distribution coefficeints and Cd transport in structured soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľ. Lichner ◽  
A. Čipáková
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Equilibrium Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Structured Soils ◽  
Cadmium Transport ◽  
Batch Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Cd Transport

In the case of cadmium transport via soil macropores, the short-term duration of an interaction between the reactive solute in aqueous phase and soil, as well as cadmium precipitation or adsorption on particles < 10–5 m should be taken into account. Two distribution coefficients are proposed for predicting the cadmium transport in a structured soil: the matrix distribution coefficient Kdm, equal to the equilibrium distribution coefficient Kdeq and estimated using the conventional batch technique, and the macropore distribution coefficient KdM, estimated using the modified batch technique. It was found that the conventional approach (using the coefficient Kdeq only) would underestimate a penetration of the part of Cd transported in the macropores about 255-times in the loamy-sand soil in Kalinkovo, 20-times in the loam soil in Macov, and 122-times in the clay soil in Jurová in comparison with the approach proposed in this study.

scholarly journals Preparation of Calcium Stannate from Lead Refining Dross by Roast–Leach–Precipitation Process

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixiu Wu ◽  
Junwei Han ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Fen Jiao ◽  
Wenqing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Lead Refining ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Leaching Parameters ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Calcium Stannate

Lead refining dross containing plenty of tin and other heavy metals, such as lead and antimony, is considered a hazardous waste generated in large quantities in lead smelter plants. In this study, calcium stannate was synthesized from lead refining dross using sodium carbonate roasting and alkaline leaching followed by precipitation with CaO. The effect of roasting and leaching parameters on the extraction efficiency of tin was investigated. The leaching efficiency of tin reached 94% under the optimized conditions: roasting with 60% Na2CO3 at 1000 °C for 45 min, and leaching using 2 mol/L NaOH solution for 90 min at 85 °C and 8 cm3/g liquid/solid ratio. Furthermore, more than 99% of tin in the leaching solution was precipitated using CaO. Finally, XRD, SEM, and ICP-OES analyses indicated that the final CaSnO3 product had a purity of 95.75% and its average grain size was smaller than 5 μm. The results indicated that the developed method is feasible to produce calcium stannate from lead refining dross.

AVAILABILITY OF ZINC, COPPER AND NICKEL TO PLANTS GROWN IN SEWAGE-TREATED SOILS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN ◽  
A. J. DEKKER
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Extractable Metals

In a pot experiment with additions of Zn, Cu and Ni to a loam soil (pH, 6.3) at rates up to 480 ppm, sewage sludge eliminated the toxic effect of Cu and reduced the toxic effect of Ni on corn, reduced the concentrations of Zn and Ni in the plants, and reduced the amounts of DTPA-extractable metals and of 0.01 M CaCl2-soluble Zn and Ni in the soil. Lettuce grown with the metals and sludges was more susceptible than corn to the toxic effects of the three metals in the loam soil and to Zn in a clay soil (pH 5.9). In the latter soil, Ni was less toxic to lettuce than to corn. The concentrations of metals were considerably higher in lettuce than in corn. Liming of the clay soil to a pH of 6.5 eliminated the toxic effect of Ni on corn and of Zn and Ni on lettuce and reduced the concentrations of the metals in the plants and the amounts of DTPA-extractable and CaCl2-soluble metals in the soil. The order of magnitude of the DTPA-extractable metals was Cu > Zn > Ni whereas the order for CaCl2-soluble metals was Ni > Zn> Cu. Variability in the effect of the metals between crops and soils precluded the use, except as a preliminary guide, of a Zn equivalent concept based on the assumption that Cu is twice as toxic and Ni is eight times as toxic as Zn.

Protecting Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Fluometuron Injury with Seed Protectants

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy R. Corbin ◽  
Robert E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the potential of growth regulators mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride as seed treatments to protect cotton from fluometuron injury. Fluometuron at two and three times the recommended use rate reduced cotton stand and height on Taloka and Convent silt loam soils both years. Cotton grown on a Sharkey silty clay soil was not injured by fluometuron. Mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride increased cotton stands on a Taloka silt loam soil when averaged over rates and years. In general, fluometuron injury to cotton was not reduced by treating seed with 1000 ppmw concentrations of chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride. Chlormequat chloride reduced chlorosis and necrosis of cotton treated with fluometuron, but neither growth regulator eliminated cotton injury or yield reduction caused by fluometuron at two or three times the recommended rates.

Variety × Nutrient management interaction in greengram for important yield attributes under rainfed red lateritic inceptisol

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Mishra ◽  
B. S. Rath ◽  
S. K. Mukhi ◽  
S. S. Mishra ◽  
S. K. Mohanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
Rainfed Upland ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

The effect of five nutrient management practices on the yield and yield attributes, nutrient uptake and rain water use efficiency in four greengram varieties (Dhauli, Pusa-9531, OBGG-52 and Nayagarh Local) in rainfed upland inceptisol with sandy- loam soil was studied in factorial RBD with three replications during Kharif 2009 to 2012. Significant variety × nutrient interaction was observed with respect to seed yield, nodulation and other yield attributing characters. Based on the mean data over four years (2009-2012), highest seed yield of 5.84 q ha-1 was observed in Pusa 9531 with lime+50% organic+ 50% inorganic treatment followed by Dhauli (5.53 q ha-1) with the same nutrient treatment. Highest RWUE was found in Lime + 50% organic + 50% inorganic treatment in all the varieties followed by 100% organic treatment in Dhauli, Pusa-9531 and OBGG-52 but in 50% organic + 50% inorganic treatment in case of Nayagarh Local. The uptake of N, P and K was also observed to be the highest in Lime + 50% organic + 50% inorganic treatment in all the varieties.

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) germination and emergence as affected by environmental factors and seeding depth

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Marcos J. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Light

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of light, temperature, solution pH, solution osmotic potential, and oxygen concentration on sicklepod germination and radicle plus hypocotyl elongation and seeding depth on emergence. Scarified, nondormant sicklepod seeds were used for these experiments. Sicklepod germination was not influenced by red or far-red light nor was light required for germination, which averaged 81% over all light treatments. Sicklepod germinated over a range of constant temperatures from 15 to 50 C, with optimum germination between 15 and 30 C. Germination was optimal near pH 6 for temperatures of 15 and 30 C. Germination and radicle plus hypocotyl length decreased with decreasing solution osmotic potential, and no germination occurred at a solution osmotic potential of −0.75 MPa at 15 C during 7 d incubation. Germination was greater at 20% oxygen than at 2% oxygen. The mean emergence depth for sicklepod was 3.3 and 4.6 cm in a highly disturbed sand and sandy loam soil, respectively. Sicklepod emerged from a 10-cm depth in the sandy loam soil, but no emergence occurred in the sand soil at this depth.

DESALINIZATION OF AN IRRIGATED, MOLE-DRAINED, SALINE CLAY LOAM SOIL

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT ◽  
C. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Logarithmic Order ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Desalinization of an irrigated, saline, clay loam soil that had been drained with unlined and lined mole drains, at 0.7 m depth, was determined during a 10-yr reclamation period. Within 5 yr the mean electrical conductivity (EC) of the surface 60 cm of soil, for about one-half of the plot area, had been reduced from greater than 8 to less than 4 dS m−1. The mean EC for the plot area at the 0- to 60-cm and 0- to 180-cm depths declined in a logarithmic order with time. Desalinization of the surface 30 cm of soil was greater under the unlined drain regime than under the lined, but at 30- to 120-cm depths, desalinization was greater under the lined. The salts were mostly sodium, calcium and magnesium sulfates. Although the unlined mole drains had an average discharge of 24% of that from the lined, the average salt discharged through the unlined drains was 80% of that from the lined ones. The lined drains removed more salts over a greater range of depths. Key words: Desalinization, reclamation, mole drainage, soil salinity

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment on Riverine Soil Properties of Sg. Lebir, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Unconsolidated Material ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean

Soil is the unconsolidated material in which plants are rooted. Soil texture is determined by the amount of sand, silt and clay in the soil. Understanding soil properties can help to better management and minimize soil disturbance. These soils were collected for soil properties and bulk density along the 55.2km of Sg. Lebir. Soil on Earth commonly contains of various particles such as sand, silt and clay. These particles commonly classes by refer to soil textural triangle. 40g of air-dried sample diluted into 1000ml of deionised water were left until the percentage of sand, silt and clay observed then calculated as percentage. As calculated, the mean percentage of sand contained is 66%, clay 17% and silt 17%. Besides that, it was concluded that most of the soils texture along 55.2km of Sg. Lebir had a sandy loam soil with pH slightly acidic (6.08) with densities the mean is 0.24 gcm-3.

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