scholarly journals The Effect of Different Pre-Surface Finishing Method on the Aluminium Anodization of the 6XXX Series Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
MERVE ÖZCAN ◽  
BİLGEHAN TUNCA ◽  
IPEK BILTAŞ ◽  
TUNÇ TUKEN
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Optimal Surface ◽  
Series Alloy ◽  
6Xxx Series ◽  
Etching Effect

In this study, the effect of different pre-surface finishing method on the aluminium anodization was investigated for AA 6063 alloy. Within the scope of pre-surface finishing method which is acidic solution concentrations and process time were determined. Acidic solution was determined by using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3). Also Gresoff LIM-5 LV chemical was used with different concentrations and process time for degreasing process. The etching effect of acidic solution on aluminium samples was investigated. The optimal etching behaviour was obtained with 1.0% concentration of HF and 3.2% concentration of HNO3 at 10 minutes process time. Also optimal surface properties were observed with 1.0% concentration of Gresoff LIM-5 LV at 12 minutes process time. Then anodic oxidation was performed by using 180 g / L sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 18 volt (V). Surface morphology of the final aluminium profiles were examined with SEM analysis, Roughness, Gloss and Thickness tests.

ALCOA ULTRALLOY X6020

Alloy Digest ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Aluminum Association ◽  
Wire Rod ◽  
Series Alloy ◽  
6Xxx Series

Abstract UltrAlloy is a lead-free, enhanced machining product with the inherent benefits of a 6xxx-series alloy. The alloy is produced as a cold-finished rod and bar with strength levels comparable to 6262. The alloy is registered with the Aluminum Association as X6020. This datasheet provides information on composition, microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-340. Producer or source: ALCOA Wire, Rod & Bar Division. Originally published September 1996, corrected December 1996.

Graphene Oxide as a Substrate for Biosensors: Synthesis and Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Mohamed Adel ◽  
Abdel Hady A. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood ◽  
Ahmed Osman Egiza
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized nanosheets of graphite with a 2D planar structure. GO could be readily complexed with bio-entities as it possesses many oxygen-containing functionalities on its surface. The preparation process is fast, easy, and cost-effective. It was prepared using modified Hummers’ method in acidic solution as a primary solvent and potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. Afterwards, it was successfully characterized by FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and finally, SEM analysis. It was observed that the formed GO is mainly composed of carbon and oxygen elements rich in oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, the existence of (001) plane in XRD interprets the complete oxidation of graphite with d-spacing 9 Å. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy displayed the sp3 carbon hybridization, besides, the ID/IG ratio is found to be 0.84, which confirms the disorder between graphene oxide layers. The SEM images also pointed out that graphene oxide sheets were regularly stacked together as flake-like structures. Accordingly, the richness of oxygen-containing functionalities was confirmed. Hence, it is appropriate to be used as a base transducer for biosensing applications.

scholarly journals Acid Etching as Surface Treatment Method for Luting of Glass-Ceramic Restorations, part 1: Acids, Application Protocol and Etching Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilija Barjaktarova-Valjakova ◽  
Anita Grozdanov ◽  
Ljuben Guguvcevski ◽  
Vesna Korunoska-Stevkovska ◽  
Biljana Kapusevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Adhesive Luting ◽  
Ceramic Restorations ◽  
Etching Effect

AIM: The purpose of this review is to represent acids that can be used as surface etchant before adhesive luting of ceramic restorations, placement of orthodontic brackets or repair of chipped porcelain restorations. Chemical reactions, application protocol, and etching effect are presented as well.STUDY SELECTION: Available scientific articles published in PubMed and Scopus literature databases, scientific reports and manufacturers' instructions and product information from internet websites, written in English, using following search terms: “acid etching, ceramic surface treatment, hydrofluoric acid, acidulated phosphate fluoride, ammonium hydrogen bifluoride”, have been reviewed.RESULTS: There are several acids with fluoride ion in their composition that can be used as ceramic surface etchants. The etching effect depends on the acid type and its concentration, etching time, as well as ceramic type. The most effective etching pattern is achieved when using hydrofluoric acid; the numerous micropores and channels of different sizes, honeycomb-like appearance, extruded crystals or scattered irregular ceramic particles, depending on the ceramic type, have been detected on the etched surfaces.CONCLUSION: Acid etching of the bonding surface of glass - ceramic restorations is considered as the most effective treatment method that provides a reliable bond with composite cement. Selective removing of the glassy matrix of silicate ceramics results in a micromorphological three-dimensional porous surface that allows micromechanical interlocking of the luting composite.

Characterization of AMAG AL6-CHA Sheet Material for Chassis Application in the Automotive Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 794-796 ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Berneder ◽  
Ramona Prillhofer ◽  
Josef Enser ◽  
Gunther Rank ◽  
Torsten Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
Series Alloy ◽  
Peak Aged ◽  
Aged Temper ◽  
6Xxx Series

Aluminium is already extensively used in car production to reduce the CO2 emissions by weight reduction. A further beneficial effect of lightweight design can be generated in components of the chassis by reducing the weight of unsprung mass thereby enhancing the driving comfort and reducing the noise level. The medium strength alloys of the type AlMg3Mn (EN AW-5754) and AlMg3.5Mn (EN AW-5454) are currently the aluminium sheet material choice for application in chassis components. The newly developed alloy AMAG AL6-CHA was optimized with regard to chassis applications and shows the potential of significant increase of the mechanical properties compared to state-of-the-art 5xxx series alloys. AMAG AL6-CHA, which is a 6xxx series alloy with balanced Mg/Si-ratio, is characterized with regard to mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion resistance in delivery temper T4 and after artificial aging with the typical heat treatment cycle 205 °C/60 min in peak aged temper T6. Furthermore we will show the results of the Charpy-V-notch impact test and the formability is described per bend test and grain size analysis.

STUDIES ON AGE HARDENING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF 6261 AND 6060 EXTRUDED ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2255-2260
Author(s):  
KA KI (KATIE) AU ◽  
MICHAEL HODGSON ◽  
TIMOTIUS PASANG ◽  
YU LUNG CHIU
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Magnesium Silicide ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Precipitate Size ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Series Alloy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
6Xxx Series

The magnesium silicide precipitates in the 6XXX series alloy are the main components contributing to the heat treatable properties and T6 strength of the alloy, which is influenced by the size, morphology and distribution of this phase. During the extrusion process, the strength contributing phase, magnesium silicide is supposed to dissolve and form again in a controlled state during age hardening. Whereas the intermetallic AlFeSi phase has little if any influence on the strength, the β phase of this intermetallic is known to cause brittle fracture of this alloy, as opposed to the less detrimental, more equiaxed α phase formed during homogenisation. This study investigates the as-extruded 6060 and the more heavily alloyed 6261 aluminium alloys, as well as the subsequent heat treated forms to investigate the ageing conditions to optimise hardening and shorten age hardening times for higher cost effectiveness. The microstructure, texture and precipitate size and distributions were studied using optical microscopy, SEM, EBSD and DSC. SEM and EDAX results have indicated signs of evenly distributed α AlFeSi and β Magnesium Silicide precipitates. The phase responsible for hardening is believed to be the much smaller scaled β" magnesium silicide, requiring much higher resolution studies.

Fabrication of nanoporous titania on glass and transparent conducting oxide substrates by anodization of titanium films

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Leenheer ◽  
Alexander Miedaner ◽  
Calvin J. Curtis ◽  
Maikel F.A.M. van Hest ◽  
David S. Ginley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Potassium Fluoride ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Transparent Conducting

Nanoporous titania (TiO2) or titania nanotubes could provide a continuous nanostructured electron-conducting anode for organic photovoltaics. In this work, nanoporous titania was formed by anodizing thin films of titanium on both glass and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrates. Titanium thin films (500–700 nm) were deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Films were anodized in acidic electrolytes containing small amounts of hydrofluoric acid (HF) at constant voltages ranging from 7 to 15 V. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed a nanoporous structure. Nanoporous titania structures were grown on glass in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, trisodium citrate, and potassium fluoride, with pore diameters around 50 nm. Analyzing the films at different anodization times, the stages of nanopore formation were elucidated. Additionally, nanoporous titania was formed on a TCO substrate by anodizing in an electrolyte containing acetic acid and hydrofluoric acid. While not completely transparent, the nanoporous titania is promising for use in organic photovoltaics.

Comparative Study on Removal of Fe, Al and Ca From MG-Si by Acid Leaching

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 831-835
Author(s):  
Yi Mai ◽  
Wen Hui Ma ◽  
Ke Qiang Xie ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Pressure Leaching ◽  
Impurity Removal ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
High Impurity ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method

In order to find the most effective hydrometallurgical method of removing iron, aluminum and calcium from MG-Si, a variety of acid leaching methods were presented. The research results show that the order of capacity of metallic impurity removal is HF, HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4. The most effective hydrometallurgical method is the leaching by mixed acid with hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. Removal efficiency of hydrochloric acid pressure leaching can improved as the pressure increases. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid even using high pressure leaching cannot obtain high impurity removal rate. The leaching by hydrofluoric acid or mixed acid containing hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid is very effective on removal of iron and aluminum, but less effective on calcium.

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