scholarly journals Respiratory virus monitoring in patients with community-acquired pneumonia during COVID-19 pandemic in Khabarovsk in 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
L. V. Butakova ◽  
E. Yu. Sapega ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
L. A. Balakhontseva ◽  
E. N. Prisyazhnyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Khabarovsk Krai ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type 3

Introduction. Emergence and spread of new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among population of the Khabarovsk krai influenced the growth of reported cases of community-acquired pneumonia in year 2020. Aim. To determine proportion of other respiratory viruses in development of viral pneumonia epidemic process in the Khabarovsk city in year 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. Sputum of 346 patients with community-acquired pneumonia that were hospitalized with suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 was analyzed during year 2020 in Khabarovsk city. Identification of viral agents was performed via real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results. SARSCOV-2 RNA was identified in 183 (52.9%) out of 346 patients. Among other respiratory viruses parainfluenza virus type 3 and rhinoviruses were dominant mostly in SARS-CoV-2 negative examined people. It should be noted that etiology of pneumonia was identified only in 12.9% of all cases in this group (163 people). Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus type 3 virus, other coronaviruses and adenovirus was detected only in 2.2% of the cases. Conclusion. Low level of respiratory viruses detection in sputum can be caused by poor technique of sample collection in the hospital, disruption of storage and transportation conditions as well as development of secondary bacterial infection in certain patients. In order to evaluate influence of other respiratory viruses on the course of COVID-19 with underlying coinfection further investigation including analysis of patients’ clinical data is needed.

scholarly journals Adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in the sera of Jamaicans

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARYSurveys for respiratory virus antibodies in the Jamaican population have shown that adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza types 1 and 3 virus antibodies are acquired early in life. The incidence of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to parainfluonza viruses increases rapidly with age and almost all adults possess parainfluenza type 3 antibody, usually in high titre. Parainfluenza type 1 antibodies are only slightly less common. Complement-fixing antibodies to the adenovirus group were also observed to increase in incidence with age.Complement-fixing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus was less common in Jamaican sera than antibody to the other respiratory viruses described here. The highest titres were observed in the youngest age-group.

scholarly journals Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bobylev ◽  
S. A. Rachina ◽  
S. N. Avdeev ◽  
R. S. Kozlov ◽  
M. V. Sukhorukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common comorbidities in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).The aim of this study was to investigate etiology of CAP in patients with concomitant CHF.Methods. This prospective observational study involved adult hospitalized patients with CAP and concomitant CHF. CAP was confirmed by chest X-ray. Sputum samples or oropharyngeal swabs, blood and urine samples were collected in all eligible patients before starting the therapy with systemic antibiotics. Sputum was cultured for «typical» bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacterales, etc., in accordance with standard methods and procedures. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory viruses in sputum or oropharyngeal swabs were identified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Urine samples were used to determine serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila and S. pneumoniae soluble antigens using bedside immunochromatography.Results. Fifty patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 72.2 ± 9.5 years, 27 (54%) were females. The etiology of CAP was identified in 23 cases (46%). S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (16/23; 69.7%) followed by respiratory viruses (3/23; 13.1%), such as type 3 parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus; Haemophilus influenzae (1/23; 4.3%), S. aureus (1/23; 4.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1/23; 4.3%). S. pneumoniae and parainfluenza virus co-infection was diagnosed in one of 23 patients (4.3%).Conclusion. S. pneumoniae and respiratory viruses were predominant causative pathogens of CAP in hospitalized adults with concomitant CHF. Therefore, bedside tests for urine pneumococcal antigens should be used more widely considering difficult sputum expectoration in elderly. Atypical bacterial pathogens (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila) were not identified in this study, so the routine PCR-test and urine tests for L. pneumophila antigens are thought to be not useful. 

scholarly journals Approach to Identifying Causative Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Using Culture, Molecular, and Serology Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Mardian ◽  
Adhella Menur Naysilla ◽  
Dewi Lokida ◽  
Helmia Farida ◽  
Abu Tholib Aman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Determining the causative pathogen(s) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children remains a challenge despite advances in diagnostic methods. Currently available guidelines generally recommend empiric antimicrobial therapy when the specific etiology is unknown. However, shifts in epidemiology, emergence of new pathogens, and increasing antimicrobial resistance underscore the importance of identifying causative pathogen(s). Although viral CAP among children is increasingly recognized, distinguishing viral from bacterial etiologies remains difficult. Obtaining high quality samples from infected lung tissue is typically the limiting factor. Additionally, interpretation of results from routinely collected specimens (blood, sputum, and nasopharyngeal swabs) is complicated by bacterial colonization and prolonged shedding of incidental respiratory viruses. Using current literature on assessment of CAP causes in children, we developed an approach for identifying the most likely causative pathogen(s) using blood and sputum culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and paired serology. Our proposed rules do not rely on carriage prevalence data from controls. We herein share our perspective in order to help clinicians and researchers classify and manage childhood pneumonia.

Detection of respiratory viruses and Legionella spp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with community acquired pneumonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram M.W. Diederen ◽  
Menno M. Van Der Eerden ◽  
Fer Vlaspolder ◽  
Wim G. Boersma ◽  
Jan A.J.W. Kluytmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses in adults hospitalised with Community-Acquired Pneumonia during the non-winter months in Melbourne: Routine diagnostic practice may miss large numbers of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections.

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A Desmond ◽  
Melanie A Lloyd ◽  
Shelley A Ryan ◽  
Edward D Janus ◽  
Harin A Karunajeewa
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the highest health burden conditions in Australia. Disease notifications and other data from routine diagnosis suffers from selection bias that may misrepresent the true contribution of various aetiological agents. However existing Australian prospective studies of CAP aetiology have either under-represented elderly patients, not utilised Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnostics or been limited to winter months. We therefore sought to re-evaluate CAP aetiology by systematically applying multiplex PCR in a representative cohort of mostly elderly patients hospitalised in Melbourne during non-winter months and compare diagnostic results with those obtained under usual conditions of care. Methods Seventy two CAP inpatients were prospectively enrolled over 2 ten-week blocks during non-winter months in Melbourne in 2016-17. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained at admission and analysed by multiplex-PCR for 7 respiratory viruses and 5 atypical bacteria. Results Median age was 74 (interquartile range 67-80) years, with 38 (52.8%) males and 34 (47.2%) females. PCR was positive in 24 (33.3%), including 12 Picornavirus (50.5% of those with a virus), 4 RSV (16.7%) and 4 influenza A (16.7%). CAP-Sym questionnaire responses were similar in those with and without viral infections. Most (80%) pathogens detected by the study, including all 8 cases of influenza and RSV, were not otherwise detected by treating clinicians during hospital admission. Conclusion One third of patients admitted with CAP during non-winter months had PCR-detectable respiratory viral infections, including many cases of influenza and RSV that were missed by existing routine clinical diagnostic processes. Keywords: Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI), Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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