scholarly journals SOCIETY CENTERED: MARXIST APPROACH, DARI EKSPLOITASI HINGGA ALIENASI PEKERJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Imron ◽  
Niki Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marxist Approach ◽  
Worker Exploitation

Abstraksi Eksploitasi pekerja pada industri manufaktur terbesar di China hingga kini masih terus berlangsung. Berdalih tingginya permintaan pasar membuat pabrik-pabrik menaikkan target produksi barang hingga mengabaikan kepentingan para pekerja. Pada saat yang sama para pekerja mengalami depresi yang berat karena berbagai kebutuhannya tereliminir oleh rakusnya korporasi yang berpedoman pada faham kapitalisme. Relasi yang terbentuk antara pemilik sarana dan alat-alat produksi dengan pemilik tenaga hanya berdasarkan pada faktor determinasi ekonomi. Kelompok dominan akan muncul dan ia cenderung memaksakan aturan, nilai dan norma yang ia percayai kepada kelompok bawah/yang tidak berdaya (subordinate) demi mempertahankan struktur sosial yang mereka anggap menguntungkan kelompoknya.Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui tentang bagaimana praktik eksploitasi pekerja dengan sudut pandang teori Karl Marx. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap praktik yang berlangsung dalam eksploitasi pekerja pada perusahaan Foxconn. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang dibalut dengan paradigma kritis. Dan hingga kini, eksploitasi terhadap pekerjamasih berlangsung. Melalui faham kapitalisme yang dianut, pihak korporasi terus melakukan praktik-praktik eksploitasi, subordinasi hingga alienasi pekerja. Hal lain yang tidak kalah penting, praktik itu melibatkan negara. Key Words: Marxist Approach, eksploitasi pekerja, subordinasi, alienasi   Abstract   Exploitation of workers in the largest manufacturing industry in China is still ongoing. Arguing that high market demand makes factories raise the target of production of goods to ignore the interests of the workers. At the same time workers experience a severe depression because their various needs were eliminated by the greed of corporations that are guided by the ideology of capitalism. The relationship formed between the owner of the means and means of production with the owner of power is only based on economic determinants. The dominant group will emerge and it tends to impose rules, values ??and norms that it believes on the subordinate / powerless (subordinate) group in order to maintain the social structure that they deem beneficial to the group. This study wanted to find out about how the practice of worker exploitation from the standpoint of Karl Marx's theory. This study aims to uncover the practices that take place in the exploitation of workers at Foxconn companies. The approach used in this study is qualitative wrapped with a critical paradigm. And until now, exploitation of workers is still ongoing. Through the ideology of capitalism adopted, the corporation continues to practice exploitation, subordination to alienation of workers. Another thing that is no less important, the practice involves the state.   Key Words: Marxist Approach, worker exploitation, subordination, alienation

Marx, subsumption and the critique of innovation

Organization ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 135050842110153
Author(s):  
Shannon Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Study ◽  
Innovation Studies ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marxist Approach ◽  
Analytical Tools

This paper advances a Marxist approach to the critical study of innovation. Such an approach offers alternative analytical tools for understanding the social and political aspects of innovation that are increasingly coming into focus within academic and practitioner fields. After outlining the emerging field of critical innovation studies and its key concerns, I turn to the question of how a Marxist critique differs from other forms of critical scholarship. I then introduce Marx’s application of the concept of subsumption to account for the relation between innovation and capital and to demonstrate the strength of a Marxist approach to the critical study of innovation.

Generazioni e valutazione sociale delle occupazioni

2009 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Amalia Caputo ◽  
Daniela Napoletano
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Labor Flexibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

- In this article the authors analyse the social evaluation of occupations, examining the impact of generation on the judgments about the social desirability of occupations. The authors show that some generational differences are noticeable when looking at the criteria that respondents use to order occupations.Key words: Generation, Labor flexibility, Evaluation criteria, Labor market, Social Stratification, Occupational Stratification Scale

scholarly journals Identification of The Concept Selection Method for Product Design and Development in The Manufacturing Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiau Wei Chan ◽  
Izzuddin Zaman ◽  
Md Fauzi Ahmad ◽  
Check Yee Liew
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Production Areas

Concept selection is the most critical aspect of the entire product development process. However, many industries are not aware of this, or they might not possess essential knowledge about concept selection. Thus, this study aims to identify the concept selection method used by a series of particular areas within the manufacturing industry. In this study, the researcher conducted interviews with six managers from various production areas in the manufacturing industry. Then, the obtained data were analyzed qualitatively. The concept selection methods used for product design and development in the manufacturing industry were found to be based on various factors, including orders received, building and evaluating prototypes, discussion among executives, market demand, trial and error and the market’s standard deviation. This study serves as a guideline to help managers to evaluate concepts in a more practical way.

scholarly journals A humanistic gift from the Brazilian Emperor D. Pedro II (1825 - 1891) to the Brazilian nation: the first lunatic asylum in Latin America

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio E. Nardi ◽  
Adriana Cardoso Silva ◽  
Jaime E. Hallak ◽  
José A. Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Lunatic Asylum ◽  
Specialized Treatment ◽  
Key Words Psychiatry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Until the beginning of the 19th century, psychiatric patients did not receive specialized treatment. The problem that was posed by the presence of psychiatric patients in the Santas Casas de Misericórdia and the social pressure from this issue culminated in a Decree of the Brazilian Emperor, D. Pedro II, on July 18, 1841. The “Lunatic Palace” was the first institution in Latin America exclusively designed for mental patients. It was built between 1842 and 1852 and is an example of neoclassical architecture in Brazil, located at Saudade Beach in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the 1930s and 1940s, the D. Pedro II Hospital was overcrowded, and patients were gradually transferred to other hospitals. By September of 1944, all the patients had been transferred and the hospital was deactivated. Key words: psychiatry, history, madness.

Research on the Facilities Layout Planning in MTO Manufacturing Industry Based on Genetic Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 695-702
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
You Rong Li ◽  
Yu Qiong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Facility Layout ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Layout Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Make To Order ◽  
Systematic Layout Planning

To enlarge production to meet the market demand, its nessasery to improve the present facility layout for MTO (Make-To-Order) manufacturing enterprises. This paper tries to design a optimization method based on genetic algorithm for the facility layout of MTO enterprises. Firstly, SLP (systematic layout planning) was applied to analyze the material and non-material flow interrelation of the workshop. Secondly, a relatively optimum layout was determined after using fuzzy hierarchy estimation to evaluate the schemes. Then the scheme was optimized with genetic algorithm. The result shows that the optimized logistics transport load is obviously less than before. This design method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proved feasible and effective in the optimization of facility layout.

scholarly journals La construcción de los sujetos en el discurso del expresidente Uribe Vélez: un análisis desde las tonalidades valorativas y los actos de habla

2013 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Lil Martha Arrieta Arvilla
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Actos De Habla ◽  
Methodological Aspects

ResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es presentar los aspectos teórico-metodológicos y los resultados de una investigación sobre la construcción de los sujetos en el discurso del presidente de ColombiaÁlvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2010). En esta se propone evidenciar la orientación social del discurso y el uso de procedimientos que instauran un ethos de credibilidad en la sociedad, y que seconstituyen en mecanismos de control y de legitimación del poder. Lo anterior a partir de la descripción de las tonalidades valorativas y los actos de habla, categorías inscritas en la propuesta de dinámica enunciativa de Martínez, María Cristina (2002, 2005).Palabras clave: Análisis del discurso político, ethos, representación, poder, tonalidadesAbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the theoretical-methodological aspects and results of a research study about the construction of subjects in the speeches of President Alvaro Uribe of Colombia(2002-2010). The purpose is to evidence the social orientation of speech and the use of procedures that establish an ethos of credibility in the society, constituted by control mechanisms and legitimationof power. This is done through the description of the appreciative tonalities and speech acts, categories, defined in the declarative dynamic proposal of Martinez, Maria Cristina (2002, 2005).Key words: Analysis of political speeches, ethos, representation, power, appreciative tonalitie 

scholarly journals Capacity Choice and Government Regulation in a Vertical Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-524
Author(s):  
Junlong Chen ◽  
Yajie Wang ◽  
Jiali Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Excess Capacity ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capacity Choice ◽  
The Government

This paper sets up an industry competition model consisting of two upstream enterprises and two downstream enterprises. Then we rely on the model to explore how non-regulation and different regulatory policies (maximizing the total profits of the upstream enterprises, the social welfare of the upstream industry or the overall social welfare) affect the following factors: the excess capacity, enterprise profits, consumer surpluses, social welfare in the upstream and downstream enterprises and the overall social welfare. The following conclusions are drawn from our research. First, whether and how the government regulates the capacity choice greatly affect the equilibrium outcomes, as well as the welfare distribution among the upstream enterprises, downstream enterprises, and consumers. The specific effects are dependent on market demand and enterprise cost. Second, the government should formulate its regulatory policies on capacity choice based on the overall social welfare of the entire supply chain. If the government aims to maximize the profits of the upstream enterprises, the social welfare of the downstream industry will be negatively affected. Third, excess capacity does not necessarily suppress social welfare. Under certain conditions, the worst scenario of excess capacity may occur under the pursuit of the maximal overall social welfare. Excess capacity may arise from various causes, rather than market competition or government regulation alone. Excess capacity cannot be attributed solely to government failure. These conclusions have some significance for optimizing capacity regulation policies.

scholarly journals Intersektionalitet som sociologisk begreb

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Qvotrup Jensen ◽  
Ann-Dorte Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Black American ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Intersektionalitetsbegrebet indebærer, at sociale differentieringsformer som køn, klasse, etnicitet og ”race” er gensidigt konstituerende både på et identitetsmæssigt og strukturelt niveau. Begrebet har haft stor gennemslagskraft og bidraget positivt til fornyelse af dansk og international kønsforskning. Da begrebet rummer potentialer til analyser af komplekse sociale differentieringer, er det imidlertid også relevant for en bredere sociologi. Nutidige højt differentierede samfund fordrer således begreber og metodologier, som er egnede til at gribe kompleksitet. Intersektionalitetstænkningen har teorihistoriske rødder i amerikansk sort standpunktsfeminisme. I Danmark blev begrebet først anvendt af poststrukturalistiske socialpsykologer, som gentænkte det og gjorde det velegnet til at analysere, hvordan komplekse identiteter skabes i hverdagslivet. Senere er begrebet blevet anvendt af kønsforskere med andre faglige og videnskabsteoretiske udgangspunkter. I artiklen fremhæves det, at intersektionalitetsbegrebet kan anvendes til at producere forskellige typer sociologisk viden. I den forbindelse præsenteres en typologi over forskellige tilgange til intersektionalitetsanalyser, som bruges som afsæt til at skitsere tre eksempler på analyser af social ulighed og eksklusion. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Sune Qvotrup Jensen and Ann-Dorte Christensen: Inter-sectionality as a Sociological Concept Contemporary highly differentiated societies require concepts and methodologies which are suited for grasping complexity. Intersectionality is a fruitful approach to analyze this complexity because social forms of differentiation such as gender, class, ethnicity and “race” are understood as mutually co-constructing at the level of individual identities and at the level of social structures. Intersectionality is a travelling concept which is theoretically rooted in black American feminism. In Denmark, the concept was first used by post-structuralist social psychologists, who adapted it to analyzing how complex identities were created in everyday life. Later on the concept was later taken up by gender researchers within the social sciences. This article analyses how the concept of intersectionality can be used to produce different types of sociological knowledge. It introduces a typology of approaches to intersectionality analyses, which serves as the backdrop for three examples of analyses of social inequality and exclusion. Key words: Intersectionality, complexity, social differentiation, gender, class, ethnicity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document