Synthesis of the process of training of technological commands and auxiliary operations of cyclic electro-automatics when programming multipurpose equipment in the complex of operating systems CNC and PLC

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
YU.N. Kurnasov E.V. Bugrov ◽  
E.V. Kurnasov
Keyword(s):  
Operating Systems ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Graphical Programming ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
G Code ◽  
The Subject

A method for preparing technological conditions for programming and elements for implementing control programs of multipurpose technological equipment in the complex of operating systems of the CNC and PLC are proposed. The subject solution effectively combines the elements of parametric and graphical programming in the development of both CNC and PLC subprograms. Keywords: control program, algorithmic programming, G-code, numerical control device, programmable logic controller, electroautomatics, technological equipment, CNC machine. [email protected]

Theory Analysis and Performance Optimization of CNC Machine Tool Servo-Driven System

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Sheng Wei
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cnc System ◽  
Driven System ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
And Performance

The servo-driven system built a bridge between the numerical control device and machine tools and the robustness, rapidity and accuracy of CNC system are highly determinate by it. In this paper, a representative servo control module of CNC system will be addressed. Based on that, the mathematical models of close-loop controls with current-loop (integral element), position-loop (proportional element), speed-loop (derivative element) and feedforward control are established. The effect of static and dynamic performances are analyzed with the tuning parameters of each close-loop controller and the experimental verification are performed using the tool of SERVO GUIDE software.

STEP-Compliant NC Simulation System Modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 16-19 ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Matthieu Rauch ◽  
Hua Long Xie ◽  
Yao Yao Zhao ◽  
Xun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Nc Simulation ◽  
G Code ◽  
Rich Information

Although some research and commercial software for NC simulation is available, NC simulation modeling is still not matured. Most of them are based on G&M code. STEP-NC is a new data model for computer numerical control (CNC). It provides rich information for CNC machine tools, i.e. “what to do” based on features rather than “how to do” as for G-code. IDEF0 is a method designed to model the decisions, actions, and activities of an organization or system. It helps to organize and analyze a system and to promote a good communications between the analyst and the customer. So in this paper, from the view of system modeling, function modeling of NC simulation system based on STEP-NC is built by IDEF0 method. As a result, NC simulation system can be realized more efficiently.

scholarly journals Development of Mini CNC Machine Design and Building for Making Ceramic Cup and Bowl Prototype

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anantakul Intarapadung
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
G Code ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Mach 3 ◽  
Time Required

This article aimed to describe the design and building of a 3-axis mini computer numerical control (CNC) machine for making a ceramic cup and bowl prototype that helps achieve a fully-automated production process using a small budget. Step motors were used to control the movement of the 3 axes, X, Y, and Z axis, of the Mini CNC machine. Automated operating system was controlled through unipolar microstepping driver and spindle adjustment PC interface board. The operating system was controlled by Mach 3 software, G-code command. Based on a test using a prototype milling of a lotus leaf ceramic bowl with a diameter of 130 centimeter and height of 65 millimeter, it was found that the depth of cut in milling each round was 6 millimeter, the test of building a dry clay lotus leaf bowl with a hard plaster lotus leaf bowl, fine milling with feeding speed of 1000 - 3,000 (mm / min), and increasing the spindle speed of 10,000 - 15,000 (rpm), circular milling cutter with a depth of 0.1 (mm). In each circular, the increase of the feeding speed and the spindle speed would reduce the time required for building. The smoothness of the lotus leaf bowl surface depended on the hardness of the material used to make the prototype. When comparing the performance with the 5-axis CNC machines on the market, it was found that the performance was similar, but the Mini CNC Machine had size, weight, and price less than others.

scholarly journals Study of CNC System for PCB Design using Proteus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cnc System ◽  
Pcb Design ◽  
G Code ◽  
Pcb Layout ◽  
Cnc Controller

A Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system for Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design using Proteus Design Suite has been presented. A schematic diagram and single-sided PCB layout of a high voltage circuit for Geiger– Muller (GM) tube is designed using Proteus software. Subsequently, the PCB layout of the circuit is converted into Gerber files that are decoded into G-code through Flat CAM software. The G-code is introduced to the CNC system consisting of a computer, a CNC controller and a CNC machine. The code is stored in the memory of the computer and is uploaded to the CNC controller byMach3 software. The controller operates the CNC machine to perform isolation routing, drilling and milling for PCB as per the instructed design. It is noticed that the CNC system associated with Proteus makes the PCB designing process automated and easier by reducing the process of printing as well as etching. This study reveals that the proposed system can eliminate human error to achieve better accuracy and higher productivity as compared to the conventional methods of PCB design.

A General G-Code Algorithm for Deep Hole Drilling

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Sotiris L. Omirou ◽  
Marios M. Fyrillas
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Deep Hole Drilling ◽  
Code Algorithm ◽  
G Code

AbstractHole drilling is the most common machining operation performed on computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools or machining workshops. Drilling appears to be a relatively simple process however; when it involves drilling deep holes, it becomes one of the most complicated metal cutting processes. Although modern machine tool controllers are equipped with special drilling canned cycles, these cycles have significant constraints mainly due to their limited framework of application. The present work proposes a general G-code algorithm intended to accommodate effective deep hole drilling. The algorithm is characterized by flexibility in the pecking strategy and adaptability to the needs of each individual drilling case. The development of the proposed algorithm is based on parametric programming which is a powerful CNC programming technique.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Acrylic Engraver and Cutting Machine Menggunakan CNC Milling 3 Axis Berbasis Mikrokontroler

eLEKTRIKA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Iklil Vurqon Choirony ◽  
Mohammad Slamed Hariyanto ◽  
Miftachul Ulum ◽  
Achmad Ubaidillah ◽  
Haryanto Haryanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Shape ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Spindle Motor ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
G Code

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this research is to design and implement an automatic acrylic carving and cutting tool using a microcontroller-based 3-axis CNC machine. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is a machine technology that is operated automatically to support the demand for a product that has a complex shape and high accuracy. In general, the construction of a 3-axis CNC machine and its working system is synchronization between the computer and its mechanics. This tool has a work process by utilizing the G-Code method as a command on the machine to carry out engraving and cutting automatically. The G-code was obtained from a previously designed image and then converted using the Aspire 9.0 software. Engraving and cutting is done by sending the G-code file to the microcontroller via the Universal G-code Sender software, then the microcontroller sends a signal to drive the motor driver which then drives the stepper motor so that the actuator movement is generated according to the image in the G-code file. Simultaneously the spindle motor will be active to engrave or cut acrylic. In this study, a trial scenario was carried out to determine the precision and accuracy of the tool, namely by engraving and cutting flat shapes such as squares, circles, triangles and segments. The percentage of success generated from this tool is 97,08% to 100%. Furthermore, testing is carried out to make products in the form of engraving writing, logos and calligraphy. Apart from that, we also tested cutting letters and key chains. When the test is carried out, the accuracy level is 1mm. </span></em></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Feasibility of NaCaPO4-Blended Zirconia as a New CAD/CAM Material for Dental Restoration

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3819
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsun Lan ◽  
Yu-Feng Chen ◽  
Yen-Yun Wang ◽  
Mitch M. C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Better Than

The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication technique has become one of the hottest topics in the dental field. This technology can be applied to fixed partial dentures, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NaCaPO4-blended zirconia as a new CAD/CAM material. Eleven different proportional samples of zirconia and NaCaPO4 (xZyN) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Vickers microhardness, and the milling property of these new samples was tested via a digital optical microscope. After calcination at 950 °C for 4 h, XRD results showed that the intensity of tetragonal ZrO2 gradually decreased with an increase in the content of NaCaPO4. Furthermore, with the increase in NaCaPO4 content, the sintering became more obvious, which improved the densification of the sintered body and reduced its porosity. Specimens went through milling by a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, and the marginal integrity revealed that being sintered at 1350 °C was better than being sintered at 950 °C. Moreover, 7Z3N showed better marginal fit than that of 6Z4N among thirty-six samples when sintered at 1350 °C (p < 0.05). The milling test results revealed that 7Z3N could be a new CAD/CAM material for dental restoration use in the future.

scholarly journals μ-Synthesis for Fractional-Order Robust Controllers

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Vlad Mihaly ◽  
Mircea Şuşcă ◽  
Dora Morar ◽  
Mihai Stănese ◽  
Petru Dobra
Keyword(s):  
Control Problem ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
High Order ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Iteration Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Bee Colony

The current article presents a design procedure for obtaining robust multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) fractional-order controllers using a μ-synthesis design procedure with D–K iteration. μ-synthesis uses the generalized Robust Control framework in order to find a controller which meets the stability and performance criteria for a family of plants. Because this control problem is NP-hard, it is usually solved using an approximation, the most common being the D–K iteration algorithm, but, this approximation leads to high-order controllers, which are not practically feasible. If a desired structure is imposed to the controller, the corresponding K step is a non-convex problem. The novelty of the paper consists in an artificial bee colony swarm optimization approach to compute the nearly optimal controller parameters. Further, a mixed-sensitivity μ-synthesis control problem is solved with the proposed approach for a two-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine benchmark problem. The resulting controller using the described algorithm manages to ensure, with mathematical guarantee, both robust stability and robust performance, while the high-order controller obtained with the classical μ-synthesis approach in MATLAB does not offer this.

scholarly journals Study of Machining of Gears with Regular and Modified Outline Using CNC Machine Tools

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2913
Author(s):  
Rafał Gołębski ◽  
Piotr Boral
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Five Axis

Classic methods of machining cylindrical gears, such as hobbing or circumferential chiseling, require the use of expensive special machine tools and dedicated tools, which makes production unprofitable, especially in small and medium series. Today, special attention is paid to the technology of making gears using universal CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools with standard cheap tools. On the basis of the presented mathematical model, a software was developed to generate a code that controls a machine tool for machining cylindrical gears with straight and modified tooth line using the multipass method. Made of steel 16MnCr5, gear wheels with a straight tooth line and with a longitudinally modified convex-convex tooth line were machined on a five-axis CNC milling machine DMG MORI CMX50U, using solid carbide milling cutters (cylindrical and ball end) for processing. The manufactured gears were inspected on a ZEISS coordinate measuring machine, using the software Gear Pro Involute. The conformity of the outline, the tooth line, and the gear pitch were assessed. The side surfaces of the teeth after machining according to the planned strategy were also assessed; the tests were carried out using the optical microscope Alicona Infinite Focus G5 and the contact profilographometer Taylor Hobson, Talysurf 120. The presented method is able to provide a very good quality of machined gears in relation to competing methods. The great advantage of this method is the use of a tool that is not geometrically related to the shape of the machined gear profile, which allows the production of cylindrical gears with a tooth and profile line other than the standard.

scholarly journals Practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model for jet engine parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781402110027
Author(s):  
Byung Chul Kim ◽  
Ilhwan Song ◽  
Duhwan Mun
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Cam Model

Manufacturers of machine parts operate computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to produce parts precisely and accurately. They build computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) models using CAM software to generate code to control these machines from computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, creating a CAM model from CAD models is time-consuming, and is prone to errors because machining operations and their sequences are defined manually. To generate CAM models automatically, feature recognition methods have been studied for a long time. However, since the recognition range is limited, it is challenging to apply the feature recognition methods to parts having a complicated shape such as jet engine parts. Alternatively, this study proposes a practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model from CAD models using shape search. In the proposed method, when an operator selects one machining operation as a source machining operation, shapes having the same machining features are searched in the part, and the source machining operation is copied to the locations of the searched shapes. This is a semi-automatic method, but it can generate CAM models quickly and accurately when there are many identical shapes to be machined. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method through experiments on an engine block and a jet engine compressor case.

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