scholarly journals CONTRACTION OF THE TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE MUSCLE OF THE FASCIA OF THE BROAD THIGH AND FLEXION OF THE KNEE JOINT IN THE RUNNERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Rafał Słoniak ◽  
Tomasz Tittinger ◽  
Damian Szczepański ◽  
Tadeusz Szymon Gaździk ◽  
Małgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Introduction: The illustration of the ranges of bending the limb during the outflow allowed to divide the study group into two parts. In the majority of respondents, the initial flexion prevailed over the final one. The researchers focused on finding the reasons for the advantage of the final bend over the initial one in 30% of the subjects. The aim: The analysis of the dynamic stride under the control of the MVN Biomech system in the bending of the knee joint of the lateral limb, comparing the preparation to the leg (initial bending) and its ending (final) Materials and Methods: 18 right-handed 25 to 35 year old runners were selected after the following exclusion criteria were applied: polyarticular hypermobility, systemic diseases, Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, post-traumatic instability. The MVN Biomech system assessed the three-dimensional movements of the joints of the free part of the lower limb and pelvis, and the flexibility of the muscles was subject to physiotherapeutic assessment. Results: In 55% of respondents dominated the pattern in which the initial flexion exceeded by min. 10⁰ final bend in both limbs (decreasing type). The researchers focused on finding the reasons for the smaller difference or the advantage of the final bending on both sides in 30% of respondents (mixed type). The comparison of physiotherapeutic examination results and measurements of MVN Biomech showed functional contractures of the tensor fasciae latea muscles in 5 subjects with a mixed type (83% of subjects with a mixed type). Conclusions: Contraction of the tensor fasciae latae constrained the initial flexion of the knee joint of the lateral limb, and also increased bilateral visitation of the hip joints during the dynamic mixed-type twitch. The remaining muscles of the lower limbs show no statistically significant differences in elasticity compared to the type of the leg.

Design of an Orthosis for the Weight Balance of Human Lower Limbs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win-Bin Shieh ◽  
Dar-Zen Chen ◽  
Chia-Chun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gravity Effect ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Exact Positions

Most existing lower limb orthosis use actuators and active controller to guide the motion of human lower limbs. Actuators with relatively large power are usually required to compensate the gravity effect of the human lower limbs, even for a normal walking. Hence, design of an orthosis for the weight balance of human lower limbs is desired. For the motion compatibility, the human hip joint is treated as a planar pair and the knee joint as a revolute pair. As a consequence, while the lower limb is in motion, the exact positions of the mass centers of the human lower limbs cannot be obtained. Hence, in this work, topological synthesis of the orthosis mechanisms, which can trace the mass centers of the human thigh and shank, respectively, is implemented. The weight balance of the human lower limbs is achieved by fitting a minimum number of zero-free-length springs. Based on the anthropometric parameters, dimensions of the lower limb orthosis is determined and the proposed design is justified by the simulation executed by the software of ProEngineer. Finally, a first generation prototype is built.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Planning and Three-Dimensional-Printed Patient-Specific Instrumental Guide for Corrective Osteotomy in Post-Traumatic Femur Deformity: A Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lau Chi-Kay ◽  
Chui King-him ◽  
Lee Kin-bong ◽  
Li Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Corrective Osteotomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Limb Deformity ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic limb deformity is often multiplanar and thus is a difficult pathology to deal with surgically. Precise preoperative planning and accurate intraoperative execution are two main important steps that lead to satisfactory outcome. Computer-assisted planning and three-dimensional-printed patient-specific instrumental guides provide excellent aid to the two steps, respectively. We report a case of posttraumatic lower limb deformity in a patient who underwent closing wedge corrective osteotomy with the aid of the aforementioned new technologies.

scholarly journals A study of the efficacy of external fixation in healing large, deep and unstable diabetic foot wounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Byomokesh Patro ◽  
Pankaj Surana ◽  
Kailash Chandra Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group

Background: Infection of a diabetic foot wound heralds a poor outcome, early diagnosis and treatments are important. The aim of the study was to study the efficacy of external fixation in healing large, deep and unstable diabetic foot wounds.Methods: 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcer considered for the present study. Out of this 50 cases 25 are selected for external fixations (study group), after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and rest 25 cases are managed by posterior slab support. After reducing the infective load, the external fixator was applied as per application of external fixator procedure. The fixator is kept for 4 to 6 weeks. Daily dressings are done with advance dressing materials. Posterior slab group 25 patients are included having large, deep ulcers and unstable joints, to which posterior slabs were supported after proper and extensive debridement of wound under SA/LA.Results: DFU predominantly affects right lower limb than left lower limb. Both lower limbs affected in 4% cases. Because of different working environment males are more vulnerable to foot ulcerations. Out of 50 cases 48 (96%) of DFU are unilateral and 32 no of cases (64%) are predominantly occurs in right lower limb (Table 2). Out of 50 cases 38 no. of patient are males and 12 no. of patient are females. External fixator in exposed joint decreases the wounds in 52 days where as by posterior slab support 59 days. The mean surfaces are of the wound after therapy in study group is 75 cm2 and in control group it was 78 cm2.Conclusions: Large ulcers and exposed joints due to diabetic foot can be managed by external fixator for better prognosis than posterior slab method.

A Technique to Detect Fatigue in the Lower Limbs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullatif A. Alwasel ◽  
Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Carl T. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Time History ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Reconstructed Phase Space

As muscles fatigue, their passive and active mechanical properties change increasing the susceptibility of the human body to damage. The state-of-the-art technique for muscle fatigue detection, EMG signals, is cumbersome. This paper presents a technique to detect fatigue by tracking a kinematic parameter of the musculoskeletal system. The method uses the time-history of a single joint angle to detect fatigue in the lower limbs. A sensor is mounted to the knee joint to measure the knee flexion angle. Time delay embedding is used to track the orbit of knee joint motions in a reconstructed phase-space. The reconstructed phase-space allows us to obtain information about other body parts and joints of the lower limb in addition to the knee joint, since they are all connected in an open kinematic chain. Long-time drift in the orbit location and shape in phase-space is quantified and used as a measure of lower limb fatigue. The proposed technique presents a mobile, wireless, and cheap method to assess fatigue that can act as an early warning system for the lower limb.

Kinematics Simulation Analysis of a Kind of Pedal Rehabilitation Robot

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 848-852
Author(s):  
Wen Long Wang ◽  
Ji Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rehabilitation Robot ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Kinematics Simulation ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Lower Limb Rehabilitation

This paper describes the design of the gait mechanism of pedal lower limb rehabilitation robot based on people’s heel movement trajectory curve in the normal walking. It is established the kinematics mathematical model of a pedal lower limbs rehabilitation robot and the simplified three-dimensional model with Pro/e software, then it is simulated kinematics using ADAMS software. The simulation result is shown that this pedal lower limbs rehabilitation robot can achieve the expected rehabilitation exercise and run smoothly. Kinematics analysis and simulation of pedal rehabilitation robot is provided the necessary theoretical basis and parameters for the study of lower limb rehabilitation machinery.

scholarly journals How does the ski boot affect human gait and joint loading?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Karol Lann vel Lace ◽  
Michalina Błażkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Musculoskeletal Model ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Anybody Modeling System ◽  
Muscle Torques

Abstract Study aim: To investigate the effect of wearing ski boots on kinematic and kinetic parameters of lower limbs during gait. Furthermore, loads in lower limb joints were assessed using the musculoskeletal model. Material and methods: The study examined 10 healthy women with shoe size 40 (EUR). Kinematic and kinetic data of walking in ski boots and barefoot were collected using a Vicon system and Kistler plates. A musculoskeletal model derived from AnyBody Modeling System was used to calculate joint reaction forces. Results: Wearing ski boots caused the range of motion in the knee joint to be significantly smaller and the hip joint to be significantly larger. Muscle torques were significantly greater in walking in ski boots for the knee and hip joints. Wearing ski boots reduced the reaction forces in the lower limb joints by 18% for the ankle, 16% for the knee, and 39% for the hip. Conclusions: Ski boot causes changes in the ranges of angles in the lower limb joints and increases muscle torques in the knee and hip joints but it does not increase the load on the joints. Walking in a ski boot is not destructive in terms of forces acting in the lower limb joints.

Optimal Combination of Minimum Degrees of Freedom to be Actuated in the Lower Limbs to Facilitate Arm-Free Paraplegic Standing

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon-young Kim ◽  
James K. Mills ◽  
Albert H. Vette ◽  
Milos R. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
The Individual

Arm-free paraplegic standing via functional electrical stimulation (FES) has drawn much attention in the biomechanical field as it might allow a paraplegic to stand and simultaneously use both arms to perform daily activities. However, current FES systems for standing require that the individual actively regulates balance using one or both arms, thus limiting the practical use of these systems. The purpose of the present study was to show that actuating only six out of 12 degrees of freedom (12-DOFs) in the lower limbs to allow paraplegics to stand freely is theoretically feasible with respect to multibody stability and physiological torque limitations of the lower limb DOF. Specifically, the goal was to determine the optimal combination of the minimum DOF that can be realistically actuated using FES while ensuring stability and able-bodied kinematics during perturbed arm-free standing. The human body was represented by a three-dimensional dynamics model with 12-DOFs in the lower limbs. Nakamura’s method (Nakamura, Y., and Ghodoussi, U., 1989, “Dynamics Computation of Closed-Link Robot Mechanisms With Nonredundant and Redundant Actuators,” IEEE Trans. Rob. Autom., 5(3), pp. 294–302) was applied to estimate the joint torques of the system using experimental motion data from four healthy subjects. The torques were estimated by applying our previous finding that only 6 (6-DOFs) out of 12-DOFs in the lower limbs need to be actuated to facilitate stable standing. Furthermore, it was shown that six cases of 6-DOFs exist, which facilitate stable standing. In order to characterize each of these cases in terms of the torque generation patterns and to identify a potential optimal 6-DOF combination, the joint torques during perturbations in eight different directions were estimated for all six cases of 6-DOFs. The results suggest that the actuation of both ankle flexion∕extension, both knee flexion∕extension, one hip flexion∕extension, and one hip abduction∕adduction DOF will result in the minimum torque requirements to regulate balance during perturbed standing. To facilitate unsupported FES-assisted standing, it is sufficient to actuate only 6-DOFs. An optimal combination of 6-DOFs exists, for which this system can generate able-bodied kinematics while requiring lower limb joint torques that are producible using contemporary FES technology. These findings suggest that FES-assisted arm-free standing of paraplegics is theoretically feasible, even when limited by the fact that muscles actuating specific DOFs are often denervated or difficult to access.

scholarly journals Biomechanical study on the stress distribution of the knee joint after residual rotation deformity of tibial fracture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Yanbin Zhu ◽  
Ning Wei ◽  
Wenli Chang ◽  
Zeyue Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Lateral Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of residual rotation deformity on the stress distribution of the knee joint after surgery to treat middle and upper tibial fractures. Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens that were preserved with formalin were included, and the tibias were randomly positioned at 0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees from the line of force of the lower limb. These positions modeled deformities of 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees from the line of force. Low-pressure pressure-sensitive film technology measured the stress distribution of the knee joint under different degrees of rotation deformity. Results Under a vertical load of 400 N, the difference between the medial and lateral stress of the knee joint was significantly different between the different tibia deformities (P<0.05), and the medial stress of the knee joint was higher than the lateral stress. The current study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the medial stress on the knee joint at all angles (including the neutral position of 0 degrees) (F=89.753, P<0.001) . There was a statistically significant difference in the lateral stresses of the knee joint between different rotation deformities (including the neutral position of 0 degrees) (F=102.998, P<0.001). Conclusions Residual rotation deformity after fracture of middle and upper tibia can lead to poor alignment of lower limb force and change of articular contact characteristics of knee joint, especially external rotation of tibia.Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should correct the malalignment of lower limbs to the greatest extent and reduce the rotation deformity as far as possible.

scholarly journals Pre-Surgery Planning of Lower Limbs Major Joints Arthroplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 2838-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Vladimirovich Lychagin ◽  
Vadim Gennadievich Cherepanov ◽  
Pavel Igorevich Petrov ◽  
Ivan Antonovich Vyazankin ◽  
Galina Eduardovna Brkich
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Congenital Deformity ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Surgery Planning ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Knee

BACKGROUND: Knee and hip joints endoprosthetics are the main surgical method of arthrosis treatment. The epidemiological incidence rate of the disease is growing steadily every year, affecting younger and younger people. Despite the proven tactics of joint endoprosthetics, an important issue is quality planning of surgery. AIM: The aim of this research is to develop a device and a method that would contribute to solving the existing challenges of pre-surgery planning of hip endoprosthetics in patients with related pathologies, which have caused compensatory deformation, and making long vertebrarium-pelvis-lower limbs scout images with the patient lying on his back with an axial load in a computer tomography. METHODS: Analog X-ray photographs of the pelvis made on film, digital DICOM images, and special planning programs are used for planning. However, according to numerous studies, the disease of the hip joint is not an independently isolated pathology. In most cases, this pathology is accompanied by changes in the lumbar spine. Often, patients prepared for endoprosthetics have a congenital deformity of tarsus or hip segment, which, during the knee, joint endoprosthetics surgery causes difficulties with the installation of an intramedullary guide. RESULTS: The results after total knee arthroplasty according to the method modified at the Department showed a reduction of the WOMAC index slightly more than twice down to 37.26 ± 7.92. The number of revision surgeries after endoprosthetics decreased from 5 (5.7%) to 1 (1.1%) for the hip joint, and from 7 (4.3%) to 2 (1.3%) for the knee joint, respectively. CONCLUSION: To form a proper guide entry point, it is necessary to assess the segment at the stage of surgery planning and examination of patients, which can be done using the proposed method. To remove the complications during the pre-surgery planning of hip joint endoprosthetics in patients with related pathologies, a device and methods have been developed for obtaining long topograms of the vertebrarium-pelvis-lower limbs complex with the patient lying on his back with the axial load in computer tomography.

scholarly journals Visualization of walking speed variation-induced synchronized dynamic changes in lower limb joint angles and activity of trunk and lower limb muscles with a newly developed gait analysis system

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901880668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousei Miura ◽  
Hideki Kadone ◽  
Masao Koda ◽  
Keita Nakayama ◽  
Hiroshi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Maximum Flexion ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Purpose: To evaluate a newly developed system for dynamic analysis of gait kinematics and muscle activity. Methods: We recruited 10 healthy men into this study. Analyses of three-dimensional motion and wireless surface electromyogram (EMG) were integrated to achieve synchronous measurement. The participants walked continuously for 10 min under two conditions: comfortable and quick pace. Outcome measures were joint angles of the lower limbs determined from reflective markers and myoelectric activity of trunk and lower limbs determined from EMG sensors, comparing comfortable and quick gait pace. Results: Lower limb joint angle was significantly greater at the quick pace (maximum flexion of the hip joint: 4.1°, maximum extension of hip joint: 2.3°, and maximum flexion of the knee joint while standing: 7.4°). The period of maximum flexion of the ankle joint during a walking cycle was 2.5% longer at a quick pace. EMG amplitudes of all trunk muscles significantly increased during the period of support by two legs (cervical paraspinal: 55.1%, latissimus dorsi: 31.3%, and erector spinae: 32.6%). EMG amplitudes of quadriceps, femoral biceps, and tibialis anterior increased significantly by 223%, 60.9%, and 67.4%, respectively, between the periods of heel contact and loading response. EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius significantly increased by 102% during the heel-off period. Conclusion: Our gait analysis synchronizing three-dimensional motion and wireless surface EMG successfully visualized dynamic changes in lower limb joint angles and activity of trunk and lower limb muscles induced by various walking speeds.

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