scholarly journals IMPACT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19 ON THE LEGAL REGULATION OF WORLD TRADE ACTIVITY USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEDICAL SUPPLIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527
Author(s):  
Farouq Ahmad Faleh Alazzam ◽  
Ali Jabbar Saleh ◽  
Khaled Khalaf Abed Rabbo Aldrou
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Development Goals

The aim of the article is a theoretical and methodological justification for strengthening the role of international trade in medicines and equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, to establish the benefits of free trade, to develop important international trade policy priorities in this field. Materials and methods: Legislation of foreign countries and international organizations, statistical data published by international organizations are the materials of the research. Methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization were applied during the research. Conclusions: It has been proved that the legal regulation of world trade activity by medical supplies are increasingly playing more important roles in the implementation of international development goals. The authors have offered three priorities to all countries: to cooperate globally around the deployment of life-saving medical supplies, publicly commit all countries not to implement export bans or limits on relevant medical supplies; to control all trade measures countries have taken in response to the COVID-19 outbreak; to bring together in a global form measures and procedures to eliminate this phenomenon.

SEPARATE PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ievgenii Shulga ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Shynkaruk ◽  
Nataliia Yashchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Government

The article examines topical problems of the role of international organizations in the direction of the development of alternative energy and strengthening of energy security in the world. Considerable attention is paid to the importance of the introduction and development of alternative energy in the context of ensuring environmental human rights and economic well-being. Analyzed the main international legal treaties regulating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and the use of alternative renewable energy sources. The main international governmental and non-governmental organizations in the direction of ensuring environmental and energy security have been identified. Attention is drawn to the need to strengthen the role of these organizations by strengthening the functions of supervision and monitoring to increase the possibility of influencing states that do not comply with the provisions of signed and ratified international conventions. It is concluded that it is necessary to adjust the vector of development of instruments for the protection of environmental rights in the direction of its world globalization. The existing global concept for the development of alternative energy sources requires changes. Given that the environmental problem is universal and, although to one degree or another, it still affects every person, regardless of country or nationality, the obligation to protect the environment must be universal, fulfilled and enforced not only by the government bodies of sovereign states, but also international government organizations. It is noted that the programs and recommendations of international organizations are developed directly for individual states, taking into account their geographical and economic location when choosing the types and methods of developing alternative energy.

scholarly journals Review International Trade Includes Business Strategy and the Role of International Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Johnwey Andelekke ◽  
Mkamzee Gichuru
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Business ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Economic Trends

The aim of this article is to include an overview of international business, with a particular emphasis on strategic international business and organizations. This evolution is mostly attributed to the advancement in research and tracking technologies, which are expanding in lockstep with the evolving attitudes and thoughts of increasingly evolved humans. As a part of this transformational phase, nations must collaborate on both national and regional levels. The aim of this article is to include an overview of international business, with a particular emphasis on strategic international business and organizations. No such thing as a pure national economy exists. The majority of the planet is much too large to dismiss as a consumer or a rival. As a result, we are obligated to educate students about foreign perspectives in order for them to comprehend global economic trends.

Lex PPPs as a source of regulation of cross-border relations in the sphere of public-private partnership and the role of international organizations in formation of Lex PPPs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Svetlana Valentinovna Maslova
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Impact

Modern international and cross-border relations in the sphere of public-private partnership (PPP) undergo transformations caused by globalization processes, which leads to the amendments in their legal regulation. The impact of non-state actors increases. Although the toolset for influencing cross-border relations in the sphere of PPP retains its legal core, it is being extended by the rules established by non-state actors outside the international and national legal systems, and carry no legal weight. For PPP as a form of interaction between the state and private investment and business structures, such transformations are particularly noticeable and require precise legal qualification. The scientific novelty of this research consists in providing definition in the international legal doctrine to Lex PPPs as the regulator of cross-border relations in the sphere of public-private partnership. Based on the dialectical, logical, and formal-legal methods, assessment is given to the role of international organizations in the formation of Lex PPPs. In conclusion, the author clarifies the role of Lex PPPs within the system of regulators of public-private partnership, namely that it should not expel the legal regulation of cross-border relations in the sphere of public-private partnership; as well as offers to seek for the new forms of correlation between international law and Lex PPPs and their consolidation through the international legal regulation of public-private partnership.

Meta-Regulation of Private Standards: The Role of Regional and International Organizations in Comparison with the WTO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Naiki
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Private Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
One Step

Abstract The rise and proliferation of private standards have been recognized in international trade law, and various concerns have been raised. Existing literature analyses how the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly the SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) Committee and the TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) Committee, have responded (or cannot respond) to the proliferation of private standards. This paper goes one step further by focusing specifically on the meta-regulatory function performed by regional and international organizations other than the WTO. This paper sheds light on three types of governance techniques that can serve as meta-regulatory activities in relation to private standards by regional and international organizations: (1) governance by delegation; (2) governance by information; and (3) governance by soft law. This paper analyses features of these governance techniques and considers the relation between these governance techniques and the WTO's approach.

scholarly journals International Trade and Development Law: A Legal Cultural Critique

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Picker
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Development ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Cultural Critique ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
The World

To the extent that international trade and development policy employs legal methods, institutions and participants, there is a need to take into account the role of legal culture. There are many different legal cultures in the world, including the widely found common and civil law traditions, as well as the many non-western legal traditions and sub-traditions found within the hundreds of different legal systems spread across the globe. International law has, however, traditionally eschewed consideration of legal culture—arguing that international law is unique, is sui generis, and as such domestic legal traditions were not relevant. Yet, the humans involved in creating and nurturing international legal fields and institutions will themselves reflect the legal culture of their home states, and will often import aspects of those legal cultures into international law. The same must be true of international development law. In addition, international legal fields, such as international development law, must often work within domestic legal systems, and as such they will directly interact with the domestic legal traditions. It is thus important to understand the interaction between the legal cultures reflected in the relevant part of that international law and in that of the domestic legal system. Such an understanding can be useful in ensuring the effective interaction of the two systems. This paper explores these themes, continuing the author’s past and ongoing consideration of the role of legal culture in international law, including its role within institutions such as the World Trade Organization.

The Role of Multilingualism in Effectively Addressing Global Issues: The Sustainable Development Goals and Beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Stein-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Practical Tool

In a globalized, interconnected world, multilingualism is essential for effective communication, understanding of other cultures, and the development of global citizenship values. In addition to being part of a global personal cultural identity and a practical tool for communication in transnational teams, multilingualism has been linked to creativity and to problem-solving, both of critical importance in addressing complex issues, and regular use of more than one language has even been shown to stave off dementia. International organizations, multinational corporations, and educational institutions approach multilingualism differently, each with the language strategy that aligns most closely with their mission and goals. How can international educators best prepare students for an increasingly multilingual world and workplace where multilingualism is the norm rather than the exception?

The Role of Trade in Economic Development

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah Frank
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
First Time

The key role of trade in the development process is widely accepted today. Two recent events, both relating to international organizations, underscore this acceptance. One was the convening in 1964 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and its establishment as a permanent organ of the UN system. Under UNCTAD's aegis a continuing examination is being conducted as to ways of reshaping world trade policies in the interests of the developing countries. The other event was the adoption early the following year of a new set of articles on trade and development in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In the new articles recognition of the role of exports in economic development was established for the first time in the text of the GATT itself, and a constitutional basis was provided for GATT's many activities designed to promote the exports of developing countries. Elsewhere in this volume are essays evaluating the contributions of UNCTAD and GATT toward the promotion of development in the world's poor countries. In this essay I will rather explore more generally the relation between international trade and economic development and discuss some of the problems that have arisen in the effort to make trade a more effective instrument of development.

scholarly journals The place and role of official observers from foreign states and international organizations in elections: the experience of Ukraine and foreign countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
O.V. Martselyak ◽  
M.O. Martselyak
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Election Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
State And Local

The article states that formation of representative state and local self-governmental authorities is an important stage of state formation. And the legitimacy of both their conduct and the representative public authorities in Ukraine depends on the extent to which it will be carried out within the framework of the election legislation and the extent to which the domestic legislator will provide anti-fraud factors and safeguards against mass violations of various elections.             National and foreign practice proves that the institution of election monitoring that is represented by various observers who contribute to the conduct of election campaigns on a democratic basis in accordance with the electoral standards developed by the international community, is rather effective in this respect.             In Ukraine, the status of official observers is granted to: 1) official observers from candidates, parties (organizations of parties) - subjects of the election process, 2) official observers from public organizations which are duly authorized to have official observers in the relevant elections, 3) official observers from foreign states and international organizations who can observe the election process.             The Electoral Code of Ukraine defines the status of official observers differently, in particular, official observers from foreign states and international organizations are not recognized as subjects of the election process. However, this does not diminish their role in monitoring the electoral process in Ukraine by the legality of the actions of its subjects. The introduction of the institution of official observers from foreign states and international organizations is seen as expression of trust between states and as evidence of the intention of these countries and international organizations to contribute to the democratization of the electoral process in the world.              The paper reveals the legal nature of official observers from foreign states and international organizations, highlights the standards of legal status of official observers from foreign states and international organizations developed by international organizations, considers national and foreign experience of legal regulation of their status and substantiates provisions on necessity for improvement of national electoral legislation on this basis.

scholarly journals GLOBALISATION OF THE WORLD TRADE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS UNIDROIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Мария Мещанова ◽  
Mariya Meshchanova
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Current Version ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Legal Globalization

This paper is concerned with the role of the UNIDROIT Principles in the processes of legal globalization. The central argument is that this non-State codification does not have a legal binding nature, but this document which covers the rules of conduct and dispute settlement, no doubt, contributed to the acceleration of globalization of world trade. It analyses the revision of the UNIDROIT Principles since 1994 to the current version of 2010 and from the stand point of strengthening of the general approaches in legal regulation and extension of the scope of their application. The UNIDROIT Principles may have impact on the reform of the national legislation of various countries, thus, facilitating the process of harmonization of Contract Law. At the same time it is noted that many of the provisions of the national legislation, and, in particular, the German Civil Code, may serve as the basis for progressive development of the mentioned non-state codification. This set of unified rules may be used as an instrument for the interpretation of the terms enshrined in international commercial contracts.

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