scholarly journals DIMENSIONAREA SISTEMULUI DE PROPULSIE AL UNUI VEHICUL ELECTRIC. STUDIU DE CAZ

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Alexandru TURCANU ◽  
Leonard-Călin-Valentin DOBRE
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Resistive Forces ◽  
Wheel Radius ◽  
Resistance Forces

This paper aims to present to readers concrete mathematical models, transposed into simulation schemes, to calculate the forces acting on a car at its interaction with the road and the atmosphere, to properly size the electric motor and batteries of an electric car. For the calculation of these forces, a table with predefined values ​​such as vehicle mass, rolling resistance coefficient, gear ratio, wheel radius, was used throughout the work. In the second section of the paper, the values ​​of the resistance forces that oppose the movement of the vehicle and the traction force necessary to overcome these resistive forces were determined. The mathematical calculation model was compiled in Matlab and the graphs in figures 3-9 were obtained.

scholarly journals The determination of the rolling resistance coefficient of a passenger vehicle with the use of selected road tests methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 04006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Pałasz ◽  
Konrad J. Waluś ◽  
Łukasz Warguła
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rolling Method ◽  
Rolling Resistance Coefficient

Wide range of laboratory and road methods of determining the rolling resistance coefficient impose the need to find an effective way of its estimation. The obtained values of this coefficient differ depending from the assumed calculation model and influence the quality and quantity assessment of cooperation processes between tire and surface. The article presents two experimental methods of determining the rolling resistance coefficient. Road tests were carried out with the use of coast-down and free-rolling method. For each of the road methods the value of the rolling resistance coefficient was determined in three ways. It allowed to compare the selected research methods and calculation methods with the values available in literature.

A New Computational Model about Vehicle’s Sliding Resistance Coefficients

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Hong Liang Lin ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Xue Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Air Drag ◽  
Sliding Resistance ◽  
Rolling Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Resistance Coefficients

Vehicle’s sliding resistance mainly includes rolling resistance, air drag resistance and friction within the transmission, wheel bearings and other related components. Among those, rolling resistance and air drag always exist whenever vehicle is running, so they have great influence on vehicle’s dynamic performance and fuel economy. Therefore, it is important to determine vehicle’s rolling resistance coefficient and air drag coefficient quickly and accurately in order to operate vehicle properly and reduce the vehicle’s fuel consumption. Combining theoretical analysis with experimental verification, calculation model based on road coasting test was given by means of least squares principle. And through which vehicle rolling resistance coefficient and air drag coefficient were determined easily. Then by using the test data from some Minibus, the vehicle's rolling resistance coefficient and air drag coefficient are calculated according to established model. The computation result shows that rolling resistance coefficient is a linear function of the speed and the air drag coefficient is constant. Finally, the analysis shows that the calculation model is simple, precise and useful.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Influence of Permanent Traffic Lane Properties on Rolling of Bridge Agricultural Equipment Wheels

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Semjons Ivanovs ◽  
Volodymyr Kuvachоv ◽  
Dmytro Prysiazhniuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Resistance Forces ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstract Movement of bridge agricultural equipment along the permanent traffic lanes is characterised by significant energy costs for overcoming the rolling resistance forces. Until now, the movement process of bridge agricultural equipment wheels along the compacted soil of permanent traffic lanes has been paid only a little attention. It has been established that the physical and mechanical properties of soil lanes significantly affect the energy consumption necessary for overcoming the rolling resistance of forces of bridge agricultural equipment wheels. Considering the range of possible changes in these properties, the coefficient of rolling resistance of equipment wheels varies from 0.06 to 0.1, which is 66%. In order to reduce the rolling resistance coefficient of equipment wheels when moving along the permanent traffic lanes, the surface needs to be undeformable. When moving along such a solid and dense supporting surface, the wheel rolling resistance is lowest.

scholarly journals Reducing the soil structure destruction along the rut and increasing the traction properties of the tractor by using the rear grouser of the track link

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 07009
Author(s):  
V.N. Kozhanov ◽  
M.A. Rusanov ◽  
M.G. Shtyka ◽  
V.S. Kukhar
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Tangential Traction ◽  
Soil Destruction ◽  
Agricultural Tractors ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Traction Power

The traditionally used mixed grouser of the metal track link causes a decrease in the traction qualities of the agricultural tractor. The use of a rear grouser on the track link, in our opinion, will significantly improve the traction properties of an agricultural tractor with a metal track and reduce the soil destruction. When the rear grouser is immersed in the soil, an additional horizontal deformation of the soil occurs, which changes the law of horizontal deformation distribution along the support surface of the trackdrive, which ensures the alignment of the link shares in the implementation of the tangential traction force. This leads not only to a reduction in the trackdrive skidding, but also to a reduction in tractor rolling losses. Comparative tests of the T-4A tractor with a serial track, and a track on which links the front grousers were removed showed that the maximum traction power increases from 59 to 65 kW, the skidding with a hook load of 40 kN decreases from 14.6 to 9.4%, the rolling resistance coefficient decreases from 0.093 to 0.072, eliminates the “scissors” effect, which will reduce the number of erosive-dangerous particles in the track trace to 30...40%, which is 5.6...4.25 times less than in agricultural tractors with a mixed grouser, which confirms the effectiveness of their use.

Applied Technology in Road Identification Study of Off-Road Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Guang Wei Meng ◽  
Chao Sheng Huang ◽  
Yan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Longitudinal Vibration ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Spectrum Density

To study the problem of the road identification of the off-road vehicle, a road identification method based on on-line monitoring of the vehicle running state was put forward. The time series data of the suspension displacement and the sprung mass were monitored. The spatial power spectrum density was calculated, aiming at automatically identifying the road roughness. The vehicle speed and the longitudinal vibration acceleration were collected, aiming at identifying the terrain slope. The state of the vehicle and engine was recorded. The rolling resistance coefficient was computed, based on the output torque of the engine. Comparing this coefficient with the threshold of the soft road surface, the soft road surface could be identified. On the basis of the identification result of the road feature, the vehicle running mode can be adjusted, improving the maneuverability of the off-road vehicle.

Soil/Tire Interaction Analysis Using FEM and FVM

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oida ◽  
E. Seta ◽  
H. Heguri ◽  
K. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Elastoplastic Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Soil Flow

Abstract Vehicles, such as an agricultural tractor, construction vehicle, mobile machinery, and 4-wheel drive vehicle, are often operated on unpaved ground. In many cases, the ground is deformable; therefore, the deformation should be taken into consideration in order to assess the off-the-road performance of a tire. Recent progress in computational mechanics enabled us to simulate the large scale coupling problem, in which the deformation of tire structure and of surrounding medium can be interactively considered. Using this technology, hydroplaning phenomena and tire traction on snow have been predicted. In this paper, the simulation methodology of tire/soil coupling problems is developed for pneumatic tires of arbitrary tread patterns. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Volume Method (FVM) are used for structural and for soil-flow analysis, respectively. The soil is modeled as an elastoplastic material with a specified yield criterion and a nonlinear elasticity. The material constants are referred to measurement data, so that the cone penetration resistance and the shear resistance are represented. Finally, the traction force of the tire in a cultivated field is predicted, and a good correlation with experiments is obtained.

Tire-Road Interactions — Harmony or Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear

Abstract This is a summary of work by the author and his colleagues, as well as by others reported in the literature, that demonstrate a need for considering a vehicle, its tires, and the road surface as a system. The central theme is interaction at the footprint, especially that of truck tires. Individual and interactive effects of road and tires are considered under the major topics of road aggregate (macroscopic and microscopic properties), development of a novel road surface, safety, noise, rolling resistance, riding comfort, water drainage by both road and tire, development of tire tread compounds and a proving ground, and influence of tire wear on wet traction. A general conclusion is that road surfaces have both the major effect and the greater potential for improvement.

Use of the kinematic radius in the rolling mechanics of an elastic wheel

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
V.I. Kopotilov
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Elastic Wheel ◽  
Wheel Rolling ◽  
Physical Essence ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Rolling Mode

The analysis of the physical essence of the kinematic and dynamic radii of the wheel is given. It is stated that the rolling radius of the wheel is a conditional kinematic parameter that characterizes only the rolling mode of the wheel. It is not the shoulder of all longitudinal forces acting on the wheel and should not be used to determine tractive forces, rolling resistance and wheel braking forces. Specific examples are given to illustrate the inappropriateness of using the kinematic radius to determine forces and moments. Keywords: elastic wheel, rolling radius, kinematic radius, dynamic radius, arm of force, traction force, rolling resistance force, braking force, rolling mode

scholarly journals Limitations of vehicle movement resistances: rolling resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Piotr Wrzecioniarz ◽  
Wojciech Ambroszko ◽  
Aleksandra Pindel
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Rolling Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Vehicle Movement

In the paper limitations and exemplary methods of rolling resistance minimization are described. Changes of value of rolling resistance coefficient during years and values for exemplary rolling pairs are presented. Conclusions about future progress are formulated.

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