Reducing the soil structure destruction along the rut and increasing the traction properties of the tractor by using the rear grouser of the track link

The traditionally used mixed grouser of the metal track link causes a decrease in the traction qualities of the agricultural tractor. The use of a rear grouser on the track link, in our opinion, will significantly improve the traction properties of an agricultural tractor with a metal track and reduce the soil destruction. When the rear grouser is immersed in the soil, an additional horizontal deformation of the soil occurs, which changes the law of horizontal deformation distribution along the support surface of the trackdrive, which ensures the alignment of the link shares in the implementation of the tangential traction force. This leads not only to a reduction in the trackdrive skidding, but also to a reduction in tractor rolling losses. Comparative tests of the T-4A tractor with a serial track, and a track on which links the front grousers were removed showed that the maximum traction power increases from 59 to 65 kW, the skidding with a hook load of 40 kN decreases from 14.6 to 9.4%, the rolling resistance coefficient decreases from 0.093 to 0.072, eliminates the “scissors” effect, which will reduce the number of erosive-dangerous particles in the track trace to 30...40%, which is 5.6...4.25 times less than in agricultural tractors with a mixed grouser, which confirms the effectiveness of their use.

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DIMENSIONAREA SISTEMULUI DE PROPULSIE AL UNUI VEHICUL ELECTRIC. STUDIU DE CAZ

"ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS)" ◽

10.36801/apme.2020.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Alexandru TURCANU ◽

Leonard-Călin-Valentin DOBRE

Keyword(s):

Traction Force ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Resistance Coefficient ◽

Gear Ratio ◽

Calculation Model ◽

The Road ◽

Electric Car ◽

Resistive Forces ◽

Wheel Radius ◽

Resistance Forces

This paper aims to present to readers concrete mathematical models, transposed into simulation schemes, to calculate the forces acting on a car at its interaction with the road and the atmosphere, to properly size the electric motor and batteries of an electric car. For the calculation of these forces, a table with predefined values such as vehicle mass, rolling resistance coefficient, gear ratio, wheel radius, was used throughout the work. In the second section of the paper, the values of the resistance forces that oppose the movement of the vehicle and the traction force necessary to overcome these resistive forces were determined. The mathematical calculation model was compiled in Matlab and the graphs in figures 3-9 were obtained.

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Estimation of the traction power of agricultural tractors from dynamometric tests

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170532 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Russini ◽

José Fernando Schlosser ◽

Marcelo Silveira de Farias

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Eddy Currents ◽

Field Tests ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Static Tests ◽

Dynamic Field ◽

Agricultural Tractors ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Agricultural Tractor ◽

Traction Power

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to predict, from dynamometric tests, the traction performance of agricultural tractors, without the need to employ the standard official tests carried out on concrete tracks. The evaluations were conducted at the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, where an instrumented agricultural tractor was subjected to dynamic field traction tests and static tests in the laboratory, using an eddy currents dynamometer. It can be verified through the correlation analysis between the values obtained and the estimated values that, based on the prediction equations, a high correlation (r² = 0.99) was obtained between the power observed in the field and the estimated power obtained using dynamometric tests. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in this study, it can be stated that the traction performance of an agricultural tractor can be estimated from dynamometric tests. We concluded that the dynamic field tests can be replaced by static tests carried out in laboratories, which are generally less expensive.

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Improvement of Traction Indicators of a Track-Chain Tractor

Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina ◽

10.26552/com.c.2020.3.89-102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 89-102

Author(s):

Salavat Mudarisov ◽

Ilshat Gainullin ◽

Ildar Gabitov ◽

Eduard Khasanov

Keyword(s):

Rolling Resistance ◽

Support Surface ◽

Efficiency Coefficient ◽

Vertical Load ◽

Propulsive Efficiency ◽

Chain Links ◽

Traction Power

The aim of this research was to conduct the comparative traction tests for T-170M1.03-55 tractor with a flat and elliptical rim. Structurally rational geometry of the crawler's support surface for tractors with semi-rigid suspension is realized by placing the support rollers at different heights relative to the cart. The results of traction tests showed that elliptical track rim has increased the maximum traction power by 10.4%, conditional traction propulsive efficiency coefficient to 7.43% and the specific traction effort by 8%. The increase in indicators is provided by a lower rolling resistance of a tractor with an elliptical rim. Reduction of the resistance power to rolling of the tractor with an ellipse track rim occurs due to alignment of support rollers vertical load and reduction of resistance to rollers movement on internal contours of tracks and in hinges of track chain links. The results of the research indicate a significant improvement in traction performance of T-170M1.03.55 tractors with elliptical track-chain rim.

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Development of Prediction Model for Axle Torque of Agricultural Tractors

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 1773-1786 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wan-Soo Kim ◽

Yeon-Soo Kim ◽

Yong-Joo Kim

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Traction Force ◽

Field Tests ◽

Travel Speed ◽

List Type ◽

Slip Ratio ◽

Agricultural Tractors ◽

Torque Values ◽

Agricultural Tractor

HighlightsA prediction model was developed for estimating the axle torque of an agricultural tractor.The model was developed by complementing and modifying a previously proposed traction equation.Compared to the actual axle torque, the proposed model attained MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%.The model predicted axle torque more accurately than the traction force-based prediction model.Abstract. The tractor driving axle torque is an important factor in optimal transmission design and service life evaluation. Axle torque measurement sensor systems are very expensive, and traction force-based axle torque prediction models cannot accurately estimate the axle torque because they do not consider both the conditions of the tractor and the attached implement. Therefore, in this study, a prediction model was developed to estimate the axle torque of an agricultural tractor based on the traction force equation and motion resistance. A load measurement system was established to verify the developed prediction model, and actual field torque data were collected through field tests. The developed prediction model was verified by comparing the results of five reference prediction methods, including weight, engine-rated torque, and three traction equations (Wismer-Luth, ASABE Standard D497.4, and Brixius), using the measured axle torque. Performance evaluation was conducted based on the main variables, including travel speed, tillage depth, and slip ratio. The proposed prediction model was found to be closest to the 1:1 line at all travel speeds, tillage depths, and slip ratios, implying that it can best explain the measured torque values among all prediction models. Compared to the other prediction models, the proposed prediction model’s results under all variable conditions had an R2 of 0.65, MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%, indicating excellent prediction of the measured torque. The results show that the developed prediction model can be applied to axle torque prediction by explaining the actual measured axle torque. Keywords: Agricultural tractor, Axle torque, Prediction model, Torque estimation, Traction force.

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Use of the kinematic radius in the rolling mechanics of an elastic wheel

10.36652/1684-1298-2021-5-17-27 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

V.I. Kopotilov

Keyword(s):

Traction Force ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Kinematic Parameter ◽

Resistance Force ◽

Elastic Wheel ◽

Wheel Rolling ◽

Physical Essence ◽

Braking Force ◽

Rolling Mode

The analysis of the physical essence of the kinematic and dynamic radii of the wheel is given. It is stated that the rolling radius of the wheel is a conditional kinematic parameter that characterizes only the rolling mode of the wheel. It is not the shoulder of all longitudinal forces acting on the wheel and should not be used to determine tractive forces, rolling resistance and wheel braking forces. Specific examples are given to illustrate the inappropriateness of using the kinematic radius to determine forces and moments. Keywords: elastic wheel, rolling radius, kinematic radius, dynamic radius, arm of force, traction force, rolling resistance force, braking force, rolling mode

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Limitations of vehicle movement resistances: rolling resistance

AUTOBUSY – Technika Eksploatacja Systemy Transportowe ◽

10.24136/atest.2018.394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 256-259

Author(s):

Piotr Wrzecioniarz ◽

Wojciech Ambroszko ◽

Aleksandra Pindel

Keyword(s):

Rolling Resistance ◽

Resistance Coefficient ◽

Rolling Resistance Coefficient ◽

Vehicle Movement

In the paper limitations and exemplary methods of rolling resistance minimization are described. Changes of value of rolling resistance coefficient during years and values for exemplary rolling pairs are presented. Conclusions about future progress are formulated.

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Rolling Resistance Estimation for PCR Tyre Design Using the Finite Element Method

10.5772/intechopen.94144 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sutisna Nanang Ali

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Resistance Coefficient ◽

Total Force ◽

Exhaust Gas Emission ◽

Deformation Force ◽

Rolling Resistance Coefficient ◽

Alternative Designs ◽

Element Method

This study presents rolling resistance estimation in the design process of passenger car radial (PCR) tyre by using finite element method. The rolling resistance coefficient of tyres has been becoming one of main requirements within the regulation in many countries as it is related to the level of allowable exhaust gas emission generated by vehicle. Therefore, the tyre being designed must be digitally simulated using finite element method before the tyre is manufactured to provide a high confident level and avoid unnecessary cost related to failure physical product testing. The simulation firstly computes the deformation of several alternative designs of tyres under certain loading, and then the value of deformation force in each tyre component during deformation took place is calculated. The total force of deformation is considered as energy loss or hysteresis loss resulted in tyre rolling resistance. The experiment was carried out on three different tyre designs: two grooves, three grooves, and four grooves. The four groove tyre design gave the smallest rolling resistance coefficient (RRC). Finally, the simulation was continued to compare different crown radius of the tyres and the result shows that the largest crown radius generates the lowest rolling resistance.

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Analytical determination of application point and normal reaction arm when rolling a wheel on a drum

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134100039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 341 ◽

pp. 00039

Author(s):

Maria Karelina ◽

Tatyana Balabina ◽

Alexey Mamaev

Keyword(s):

Rolling Resistance ◽

Analytical Determination ◽

Support Surface ◽

Rigid Support ◽

Normal Reaction ◽

Normal Forces ◽

Elastic Wheel ◽

Wheel Rolling ◽

Force Equilibrium

Evaluation of the rolling resistance of car tires is now often performed on drum stands like car tests. This necessitates the study of the mechanics of interaction between the wheel and the drum in order to determine its force and kinematic characteristics, including the values and points of application of tangential and normal forces in contact with the drum. These problems can be solved taking into account that the mechanics of elastic wheel rolling on a drum is the same as when rolling on a flat rigid support surface. In this paper, from consideration of the mechanics of interaction between an elastic wheel and a drum, using the equations of power balance and force equilibrium of the wheel, the equations for determining the point of normal reaction in contact and its arm relative to the wheel axis during its rolling along one and two drums have been derived.. These dependencies have a simple form and can be applied when considering the rolling of both a single wheel and the car as a whole on a drum stand.

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A Fast Calculation Method for Improving the Steering Arm of Mining Trucks with Macpherson Suspension

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8614

Author(s):

Jianwei Wu ◽

Qidi Fu ◽

Jianrun Zhang ◽

Beibei Sun

Keyword(s):

Calculation Method ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Coupling Model ◽

Resistance Coefficient ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Fast Calculation ◽

Vehicle Velocity ◽

Steering Mechanism ◽

Improvement Scheme

The steering arm has recently been frequently broken in a kind of mining truck with Macpherson suspension. To accelerate replacing the broken parts and minimize the economic cost, a fast calculation method for improving the steering arm is proposed in this paper. In this method, the forces on the steering arm are calculated by quasi-static analysis under a low vehicle velocity. Dynamic characteristics of the tire and road are partly included by considering the ranges of the rolling resistance coefficient and friction coefficient from the empirical values, which determines the torque on the steering arm under extreme conditions. The rigid–flexible coupling model for the left steering mechanism in ANSYS Workbench is established and solved to obtain the distribution stress on the steering arm under extreme conditions. Then, the reliability of the simulation results based on this fast calculation method is verified by the experiment. After determining an improvement scheme considering the economic and time cost, the satisfactory strength is obtained. The results illustrate that the strength of the improved steering arm has nearly doubled. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved steering arm is demonstrated by the users’ feedback after it is manufactured, installed, and used.

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