scholarly journals Is induced abortion becoming a family planning method in Ghana?: A situational analysis of induce abortion and contraception uptake in two urban cities of Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 08-23
Author(s):  
Fred Yao Gbagbo ◽  
Josephine Akosua Gbagbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Following amendment of Ghanaian abortion law in 1985, abortion services became more available as permitted by law. Services data however remain scares due to provider and facility stigmatization. Objective: To explore the use of abortion as a family planning option using provider reports, trends of contraception and induced abortion service uptake in facilities within two urban cities in Ghana. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive design, using facility data from 50 private (42) and Non-Governmental Organizations (8). Ten in-depth interviews were also held with midwife providers (6) and medical officers (4) between January 2010 and December 2017 in Accra and Kumasi Metropolises. Results: Facility patronage of abortion services in Accra and Kumasi Metropolises increase steadily each year with contraception uptake. Abortion services in NGO facilities were however reported as target driven and providers’ performances/bonuses were tied to meeting set targets thereby encouraging abortion on demand. Whereas NGO facilities provide both abortion and full contraception method mix, majority (38 out of 42) of private facilities provide only abortion services. Those providing contraception focus mainly on short term methods (pills and injections) due to lack of interest and/or trained providers. There are more midwife lead abortion providing facilities in Accra (40) than in Kumasi (10). Where midwives provided abortion services, contraceptives were readily available and clients encouraged to take a method following abortion. This practice was very common in NGO facilities as post abortion contraception was reported to be a mandatory package. Conclusions: The Ghanaian abortion law allows conditional abortion and not on demand. However, increasing numbers of abortions in the study area coupled with reported target setting for abortion services suggest abortion on demand and its being used as a family planning option. A nationwide facility based assessment of abortion and contraception service delivery is recommended to inform policy.

scholarly journals The influence of incentives on community health worker motivation in the provision of family planning. A case of Msalala and Shinyanga Districts, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Kok ◽  
Scholastica Lucas ◽  
Josiah Otege ◽  
Zando Mkwazu ◽  
Ingrid Zuleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Interviews

Community health workers (CHWs) are essential in the provision of a wide range of services, including family planning. In Tanzania, deployment of CHWs has largely been supported by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who often determine their incentives. A mix of incentives is required to increase CHW motivation and, ultimately, performance. This qualitative study aimed to explore how incentives influence CHW motivation in the provision of family planning services in Msalala and Shinyanga districts. The study included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 21 CHWs, 12 supervisors and eight policy makers and NGO representatives. Transcripts were coded and narratives were written on types of incentives, motivating and demotivating factors. The study revealed that although CHW motivation was related to feelings of accomplishment and respect from the community, financial incentives were found equally important for motivation. While most CHWs received non-financial incentives, CHWs had unequal access to financial incentives. Key informants confirmed that there was no coordination on incentives at district level. Some CHWs reported demotivation because of misconceptions and unacceptance of family planning in the community and irregular supply of contraceptives. Results from this study show that motivation of voluntary CHWs in Msalala and Shinyanga districts is currently sub-optimal, because of inequity in access to (financial) incentives. There is a need for better coordination and standardization of CHW incentives. Advocacy is needed to increase funding for CHWs’ deployment and remuneration. This would increase CHW motimotivation and ultimately performance, also in the field of family planning.

A gap between Law and Practice: A Community’s Perception of Unmarried Women’s Abortion Options in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Simone Christensen Hald ◽  
Ditte Aagaard Sondergaard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Premarital Sexual Activity ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background In 2002, the Nepalese abortion law went from being highly restrictive to fully liberal. This study aimed to explore a local community’s perception of the situation for unmarried Nepalese women wanting to practice their legal right to abortion.Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews with men and women above the age of 16 years living in the Makwanpur District, Nepal. The final data included 55 questionnaires and 16 interviews. The questionnaire data was univariate analysed, while a condensation of meaning analysis was carried out on the interviews.Results The overall awareness of abortion being legal was high, although the extent of knowledge of the specific legal grounds varied. Unmarried women were believed to have access to abortion services, although they risked stigmatisation due to their marital status. The community attitude towards these women having abortions was very negative, hence it differed from the legal acceptance of all women having the right to abortion. This was explained by societal norms on premarital sexual activity. Generally, the participants felt that changing attitudes would be difficult but possible over time.Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the legal acceptance of abortion and community attitudes when it comes to unmarried women as this group encounters barriers when wanting to practice their right. Therefore, these barriers need to be addressed to allow unmarried Nepalese women access to safe abortion services without the risk of being stigmatised.One possible alternative is educational initiatives such as disseminating information vigorously through mass media to create awareness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9869 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 24-30

Psychiatric symptoms among migrants to Malaysia from the southernmost provinces of Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402198973
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ford ◽  
Aree Jampaklay ◽  
Aphichat Chamatrithirong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Migrant Groups

Aim: The objective of this paper is to examine the level of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors among Thai migrants from the southernmost Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narithiwat who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons will be made with the sending population in the southernmost provinces of Thailand. Methods: Data are drawn from survey and in-depth interviews with Thai migrants who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons are made with a probability sample of working age adults in Thailand. The twenty item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was the measure of mental health. Results: The study found that the migrants, on average, have normal levels of psychiatric symptoms. However, although about 24% of migrants reported more eight or more symptoms that may indicate a need for evaluation. There are many stressors in their lives including distance from families, reduced social support, legal matters surrounding immigration, and discrimination/exploitation of migrant groups. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for policy makers and non-governmental organizations to give attention to migrants’ mental health, well-being and sustainable livelihoods.

Underuse of Injectable Penicillin in Secondary Prophylaxis of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 009-012
Author(s):  
Laudari S
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Background and Aims: Secondary prophylaxis has remained the mainstay of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease management. Despite the proven ef􀏐icacy and superiority of injectable penicillin in rheumatic heart disease patients, it has been underused in Nepal. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study during June 2014 to October 2018 over a period of 52 months at College of Medical Sciences-Bharatpur including 350 patients with clinical and/or echocardiographic evidence of de􀏐inite rheumatic heart disease. Data was collected from both cardiology outpatients and inpatients (admitted in cardioward/coronary care unit). Relevant data and information were entered into the pre-structured proforma and then analyzed by SPSS-16 software. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 80 years with mean age 36.76±4.6years with female preponderance (F:M=1.26:1). The predominantly involved isolated valve was mitral in 152 patients (44.43%) followed by aortic valve in 70 patients (20.00%) and rest 90 (25.71%) had dual valvular involvement. The common complications encountered were heart failure in 200(57.14%) and arrhythmias in 155(44.29%) patients. Two hundred ten (60.00%) of the patients received penicillin (oral and injectable) and erythromycin. Majority 180/210=85.71%) were prescribed on oral penicillin whereas only 46/210=21.90% received injectable penicillin; the ratio being 3.35:1. Conclusion: RHD is a leading cause of heart failure and death among young population. There is underuse of penicillin with very minimal focus on use of injectable penicillins currently. Hence, Nepal government and other non-governmental organizations should consider implementation of use of penicillin broadly and moreover focus on use and adherence of injectable penicillin. Keywords: Rheumatic Heart Disease, Penicillin, Underuse, Secondary Prophylaxis.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Investigation on Work in NGOs: The Case of Songkhla Province of Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Phathara-on Wesarat ◽  
Mohmad Yazam Sharif ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Depth Interviews

The concept of work in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) specifically in Songkhla province of Thailand is highlighted in this paper. The study assumed that the meaning of work in NGOs is different from other types of organizations such as business and governmental organizations. NGO operations are seen to be different in terms of their goals when compared to those organizations. Even though research on work had been widely conducted in the business as well as the governmental sectors worldwide, few studies on this issue had been done in the NGO or non-profit sector. The concept of work in NGOs needs to be explored further in order for interested parties to get a true understanding of the nature of work in NGO sector. The research questions posed in this paper relate to how and why the work in NGOs influences the NGO professionals. The objective of this paper is to present some findings based on an in-depth study on the meaning of work in NGOs. This study consists of two core aspects of work: subjective and objective aspects. The respondents in this paper were 16 professionals (i.e. university graduates) selected from five local NGOs in Songkhla province of Thailand. This study used a mixed method within qualitative approach comprising in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and secondary documents. This study showed that the NGO professionals had given high values on the subjective aspects of work because they were seeking fulfillment from work, while the objective aspects of work were seen to be less important to them.

scholarly journals Contribution of exotic chicken breeds to dietary diversity of the rural households in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Teklemariam Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Chicken Breeds

The study was conducted in midland and lowland agro-ecological zone of North western zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Two districts were selected purposively based on their potential exotic chicken breed production. Out of the total chicken producers in the study area 264 farmers, 132 from each of the two districts were selected randomly using systematic random sampling methods. It was conducted in cross sectional survey data from 264 respondents in 2016. Its aim was to assess the contribution of producing exotic chicken to dietary diversity of the rural households with 24 hours recall method. The study examines the study area is characterized in a low dietary diversity mainly defined by starchy staples (grains, condiments, oil or fats) at the expense of protein sources (meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, eggs). The result also indicates that there is a higher probability of the exotic chicken producers groups to move from a medium dietary diversity status to a high dietary diversity status as compared with indigenous chicken producers. Based on the study result, there is possibility to improve dietary diversity and income of the households through introduction and dissemination of exotic chicken breeds to rural households. Hence, governmental and non-governmental organizations should help in intervention of exotic chicken breed to the farm households by giving different incentives.

scholarly journals HIV/TB co-infection and availability of health services in relation to socio-economic status

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Bhim Bahadur Subba ◽  
Nirmal Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

  The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic disproportionate affects especially less developed countries and underprivileged communities. HIV weakens immune system of infected individuals and making them more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Both HIV and TB disease are supposed to fuel each other socially and biologically and it is further fuelled by such as poor accessibility to services, illiteracy, stigma and discrimination all these factors have pushed Nepal into more vulnerability. This article aimed to find out the availability and accessibility to the HIV/TB services in relation to socio-economic status of respondents. A cross sectional study was conducted at four HIV care and prevention centers of different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of Nepal. In the study, 51 samples were selected using random sampling procedures who gave consent to the interview. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Confidentiality was highly maintained and data were analyzed. The result showed mean age of respondents’ was 36.38 years. The pre-dominant 96.1 percent of respondents were from 18-54 years of age. Respondents from all socio-economic status almost two-third indented to use government hospital than private HIV/TB services. The majority 98.0 percent of HIV infected respondents belonged to destitute to better off economic status and they were further disadvantaged by lack of knowledge and information of HIV/TB services such cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and viral load service.

scholarly journals Status of Abortion Services in Jumla

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjupa Shrestha ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Abortion Service ◽  
District Health ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post Abortion

Introduction: Abortion was legalized in Nepal in September 2002. Only a trained and listed provider can provide abortion services at a health. For many women, especially in developing countries like Nepal, safe abortion may not be available, affordable or accessible despite the liberalization of abortion law. The aim of this study was to determine the status of abortion in Jumla. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from the record of District Health Office; Jumla from the month of Ashad 2074 to Jestha 2075. Total Enumerative sampling technique was used. Data of public health sector and Marie Stopes Center, Jumla were retrieved and analyzed in terms of frequency, rate, and percentage. Results: Total 1196 women have received abortion services and abortion rate was 36.077 per 1000 (15-49 Years women). Most of the women(90%) were more than 20 years of age and majority of women (82%) chose medical method for abortion service. Majority (88.62%) have used Post abortion family Planning services. Conclusions: The abortion rate of Jumla was still high. Nine out of ten women who received abortion services were more than 20 years of age. Women preferred medical method rather than surgical method for abortion service. Nearly one tenth women had not used any post abortion family planning method.

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