Comparison of the physical properties between Malaysian and Thai Rice

Rice is a staple food in the world market, especially in the Asian region. In each country, the characteristics of rice will be different in terms of shape, grade and size. The quality of rice depends largely that demonstrate the quality of that rice species. At present, information on rice varieties is still limited regarding the physical properties of Malaysian and Thai rice. Therefore, it is important to compare rice cultivars based on origin. The objective of this research is to determine and compare the physical properties of Malaysian and Thai rice. 1 kilogram of Malaysian and Thai rice were each processed into powder by way of grinding and were then prepared for physicochemical measurement by sieving the produced rice powders with a size of 2mm to get rid of foreign objects. The physical parameters measured were length, width, length/breadth ratio, thickness, density, grain shape, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, sphericity, aspect ratio, thousand weight kernels angle of repose, colour (L, a*, b*) and hardness. The results of the study showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in terms of length, width, length/breadth ratio, true density, porosity, sphericity, aspect ratio, angle of repose, Lightness (L) and b*. However, there is a significant variation (p < 0.05) between Malaysian and Thai rice in terms of thickness, surface area, bulk density, thousand weight kernels, colour (a*) and hardness parameters. The evaluation of the quality of Malaysian and Thai rices can be a guide or reference for the grading and sorting processing sectors.

Download Full-text

Physical Properties of Different Cultivar Local Glutinous rice (susu and siding) and Commercial Thai Cultivar

Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal ◽

10.36877/aafrj.a0000178 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Norzahirah Zainal ◽

Rosnah Shamsudin

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Aspect Ratio ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

White Rice ◽

Glutinous Rice ◽

Length Width ◽

Waxy Rice

Glutinous rice (Oryza Sativa var. glutinosa) is known as waxy rice or sticky rice and it has an opaque and small size grain cultivar distinct from common white rice. In outlining the equipment for processing, storage, sorting, sizing and other post-harvest equipment the particular of their physical properties is important. Two different cultivar of local glutinous rice susu and siding were evaluated in this study. For susu cultivar, the average of length, width, and thickness were 6.63mm, 1.88mm, and 1.50mm respectively. The corresponding values were 6.24mm, 1.98mm, and 1.48mm for siding cultivar. For susu cultivar, the average of aspect ratio, sphericity, volume, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, 1000 weight kernel, and angle of repose were 0.28, 0.40%, 9.81mm3, 19.02mm2, 800.54 kg/m3, 1500.36 kg/m3, 46.65%, 18.88g, and 39.45°. Thecorresponding values were 0.32, 0.42%, 10.25mm3, 19.45mm2, 772.73 kg/m3, 1229.51 kg/m3, 37.15%, 17.04g and 40.08° for siding cultivar. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the physical properties of two different local cultivars aid in designing the rice processing equipment.

Download Full-text

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i2.3105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽

N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Effect Of Moisture

The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for four cashew varieties viz., Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4 and Vengurle 7 at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For Vengurle 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm3, 1355 to 1540 mm2, 984 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 3 geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm3, 2320 to 2567 mm2, 1020 to 1048 kg m-3 and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m-3 respectively. For Vengurle 4 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm3, 1391 to 1828 mm2, 970 to 1030 kg m-3 and 32.5 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m-3, respectively. For Vengurle 7 the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm3, 1840 to 1941 mm2, 998 to 1045 kg m-3 and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m-3, respectively.

Download Full-text

Physical Properties of Finola® Hemp Seeds: Clean and Containing Dockages

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.12853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1017-1026 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fuji Jian ◽

Sam Yavari ◽

Ramasamy Boopathy Narendran ◽

Digvir S. Jayas

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Galvanized Steel ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Average Surface ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Length Width ◽

Average Surface Area

Abstract.Physical properties of hemp seeds (, L., cultivar Finola®) with 5%, 10%, and 15% foreign materials and dockages (FMD) at 9%, 12%, and 15% moisture contents (wet basis) were measured. The measured and determined physical properties include physical dimensions (length, width, thickness, kernel volume, sphericity, and average surface area), density (bulk and true density), porosity, weight of 1000 kernels, filling and empting angles of repose, and coefficients of friction on surfaces of plywood, galvanized steel, steel-troweled concrete, and wood-floated concrete. The mean value of the length, width, and thickness of the 50 kernels had a linear relationship with the increase of moisture content; however, this was not true for individual kernels. Bulk density of seeds at any FMD level decreased linearly or quadratically with the moisture content increase, while the true density had an opposite trend. Increasing FMD significantly increased the bulk density at any moisture content, and there were variations for the true density. There were gaps between the seed coat and cotyledon, and these gaps became smaller or disappeared when the seed moisture content was increased. This phenomenon resulted in the same average surface area, same volume, and exponential increase in porosity to 58.5% with the increase of moisture content. Increased FMD significantly decreased the porosity at any moisture content. Emptying angle of repose increased with the increase of moisture contents and percentage of FMD. Higher variability was observed in the filling angle of repose than in the emptying angle of repose. The coefficient of friction was the largest against wood-floated and steel-troweled concrete, followed by galvanized steel, and the smallest was against the plywood surface. Keywords: Angle of repose, Density, Foreign material and dockage (FMD), Friction against structural surface, Hemp seed, Physical dimensions.

Download Full-text

MEMPELAJARI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BIJI KAKAO (Theobrema cacao L.) PADA SUHU PENGERINGAN YANG BERBEDA

Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) ◽

10.23960/jtep-l.v10i2.200-208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Sri Waluyo ◽

Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽

Nikita Permatahati

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Economic Value ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Process Step ◽

Drying Temperature

Drying is a common process step for agricultural grain products for ease of handling and to achieve the desired quality levels. One of the commodities that have high economic value produced by farmers in Lampung Province is cocoa beans. The drying process may change the physical properties of the cocoa beans and affect the processing of cocoa beans at a later stage. This study aims to determine the effect of drying temperature on changes in the physical properties of cocoa beans such as dimension, volume, weight, surface area, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, and angle of repose. This research was applied to fresh non-fermented cocoa beans in testing. The cocoa beans were dried at temperatures of 40, 50 or 60oC. The research data were then statistically tested using paired sample T-Test at the 95% level to determine whether there is any effect of drying temperature on changes in its physical properties. The results showed a significant effect of drying temperature on weight, volume, geometric mean diameter (Dg), surface area, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose of cocoa beans. Meanwhile, the sphericity and true density parameters did not significantly change. Keywords: cocoa beans, drying, physical properties

Download Full-text

Comparative Studies on Dimensional, Gravimetric and Frictional Properties of Chhattisgarh Popular Paddy Varieties for Suitability of Flaked Rice (Paha)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i230477 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 145-151

Author(s):

Rahul Dahare ◽

Tankesh Kumar Nishad ◽

Bhupendra Sahu

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Average Length ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Frictional Properties ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width ◽

Different Characteristics

The present study on different characteristics of some selected varieties of paddy was undertaken to study dimensional, gravimetric and frictional properties of paddy. The physical properties such as average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, aspect ratio, sphericity, volume, surface area, L/B ratio, true density, bulk density, porosity, angle of repose and coefficient of friction on different surfaces of paddy varieties were measured to have an initial information of the input. All varieties have different dimensional properties, for the length of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety 9.21 to 9.34 mm, for width 2.41 to 2.79 mm and for thickness 1.83 to 2.45 mm respectively. The geometric mean diameter and aspect ratio for Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 3.43 to 4.08 mm and 25.21 to 30.13% respectively. True density and bulk density of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety were observed 1056.86 to 1350.43 kg/m3 and 580.18 to 695.77 kg/m3 respectively. The angle of repose of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 42.23° to 48.51°.

Download Full-text

Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽

BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽

SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽

S.N. NAIK

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Polynomial Model ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

North Eastern ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

Download Full-text

Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i2431498 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

P. C. Vengaiah ◽

S. Kaleemullah ◽

M. Madhava ◽

A. Mani ◽

B. Sreekanth

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Mild Steel ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Static Friction ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Average Mass ◽

The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

Download Full-text

Some Bio-Technical Properties of Flax Seeds, Fennel Seeds and Harmal Seed Capsules

Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research ◽

10.46592/turkager.2020.v01i02.001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 222-232

Author(s):

Gungor YILMAZ ◽

Ebubekir ALTUNTAS

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Static Friction ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

True Density ◽

Displacement Method ◽

Rubber Friction ◽

Length Width ◽

Technical Properties ◽

Flax Seeds ◽

Liquid Displacement

Some bio-technical properties of flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules were determined. The size dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of flax seeds and fennel seeds were as 4.31 mm, 2.28 mm, 0.87 mm; 6.93 mm, 2.13 mm, 1.75 mm, respectively. The diameter and length for harmal seed capsules were 9.07 mm and 6.65 mm, respectively. The true density (ρt) was determined using the liquid displacement method, and the bulk density (ρb) was determined using the hectolitre tester. The bulk density for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules were determined as 384.3 kg m-3, 270.5 kg m-3 and 201.5 kg m-3, while, true density was found as 1256.5 kg m-3, 664.6 kg m-3, 936.2 kg m-3 for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules, respectively. The sphericity of for flax seeds, fennel seeds and harmal seed capsules were obtained as 0.47, 0.43, 0.72, respectively. The angle of repose was obtained as 13.84º, 17.35º, 29.94º for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules, respectively. The rubber friction surface has given the highest static friction coefficient for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules.

Download Full-text

Determination of selected physical properties of Brachystegia eurycoma seeds

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/14/2009-rae ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M.C. Ndukwu

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Solid Density ◽

Axial Dimension ◽

Design And Construction

The research looked at some selected physical properties of Brachystegia eurycoma, such as axial dimension, roundness, sphericity, surface area, bulk density, solid density, porosity, and volume which are essential in the design and construction of the processing and handling equipments of Brachystegia eurycoma. All the above physical properties measured showed some deviations from the average values which is typical of agricultural biomaterials. Solid density showed the highest deviation of 4.04 g/mm3 while the volume showed the least deviation of 0.01 mm3 when compared to those of other physical properties. The angle of repose increased with the increase in the moisture content with a coefficient of determination of 0.98.

Download Full-text

MOISTURE-DEPENDENT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICAL TINY SEEDS: PART A: FLIXWEED (DESCURAINIA SOPHIA L.)

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities ◽

10.30825/5.ejpau.197.2021.24.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Mirzabe ◽

◽

Ali Fadavi ◽

Ali Mansouri ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Area ◽

Particle Density ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Projected Area ◽

Angle Of Friction ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Length Width

Knowledge of agricultural seeds’ physical properties has significant importance for machinery and processing equipment design. Physical properties of flixweed (Descur ainia sophia L.) seeds were determined as a function of moisture content. Several properties were studied in the moisture range from 5.28 to 17.53% dry basis. Also, probability distribution of seeds’ principal dimensions were modeled by Gamma, Generalized Extreme Value, Lognormal, and Weibull functions. With increasing moisture content from 5.28 to 17.53%, properties including; length, width, thickness, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, specific surface area, volume, and projected area showed no specific trend. In contrast, the surface area increased from 6×10-7 to 1×10-6 m2. The bulk and particle density decreased from 696.61 to 542.51 kg·m-3, and 1217.50 to 1189.02 kg·m-3, respectively. The porosity increased from 42.78 to 54.37%. The maximum external static angle of friction belonged to wood at all moisture content levels, followed by the iron and galvanized surfaces. At all moisture levels, the emptying angle of repose was more than the filling one.

Download Full-text