scholarly journals New Zealand’s Counter-terrorism Strategy: A Critical Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Battersby ◽  
Rhys Ball ◽  
Nick Nelson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In mid-February 2020 New Zealand released its long overdue ‘Countering terrorism and violent extremism national strategy.’ This article draws on the experience of three academic commentators who cast a critical eye over the document and whose respective thoughts are brought together here. The approach taken is to discuss the purpose and fundamentals of what strategy is to provide a framework with which to review New Zealand’s first publicly released counter-terrorism strategy. Unfortunately, this important and long overdue strategy, in the view of the authors, comes up well short of what it should be. The authors offer a challenge to New Zealand’s policy makers concerned with national security to seek more depth in the consideration of their approach, to present a strategy with less graphic design, more substantial discussion of the fundamental questions relating to the management of modern terrorism and violent extremism, and an appreciation of the nuanced New Zealand experience with political violence from late twentieth century to the present day.

Countering Violent Extremism in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Policy Makers Need to Know

World Affairs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Over Time

This essay addresses recurring and growing inaccurate reports from political officials as well as counter-terrorism analysts and journalists that the Sahara-Sahel group Boko Haram is a defeated entity. Notwithstanding concerted efforts to rout the movement, Boko Haram and its network of jihadists have expanded. Crucial misunderstandings surrounding what fostered and sustains the phenomenon—as well as a general naivety regarding the organization’s flexibility to adapt to attract combatants, financial support, and weaponry beyond Nigeria’s borders—have made performing basic adequate risk assessments overwhelmingly challenging. Policy makers and CVE (Countering Violent Extremism) practitioners would be wise to recognize that not only has Boko Haram morphed but its growing affiliates also terrorize increased territory. The threat of militant Islam in the Sahara-Sahel, therefore, has not been contained as some would have us believe. Rather, Muslim extremism has become entangled and more complex not only in Africa but across the Muslim world. When jihadists in one territory have taken a beating, surviving fighters have simply relocated to other geographies accompanied by connections for capital and munitions. In this way, Boko Haram—the fulcrum of violent Islam in the Sahara-Sahel—has become, over time, an international jihadist actor.

Causes of Late Twentieth-Century Trends in New Zealand Precipitation

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Ummenhofer ◽  
Alexander Sen Gupta ◽  
Matthew H. England
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Climate Modes ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation

Abstract Late twentieth-century trends in New Zealand precipitation are examined using observations and reanalysis data for the period 1979–2006. One of the aims of this study is to investigate the link between these trends and recent changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. The contributions from changes in Southern Hemisphere climate modes, particularly the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the southern annular mode (SAM), are quantified for the austral summer season, December–February (DJF). Increasingly drier conditions over much of New Zealand can be partially explained by the SAM and ENSO. Especially over wide parts of the North Island and western regions of the South Island, the SAM potentially contributes up to 80% and 20%–50% to the overall decline in DJF precipitation, respectively. Over the North Island, the contribution of the SAM and ENSO to precipitation trends is of the same sign. In contrast, over the southwest of the South Island the two climate modes act in the opposite sense, though the effect of the SAM seems to dominate there during austral summer. The leading modes of variability in summertime precipitation over New Zealand are linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The two dominant modes, explaining 64% and 9% of the overall DJF precipitation variability respectively, can be understood as local manifestations of the large-scale climate variability associated with the SAM and ENSO.

The Emergence and Development of Intellectual Property Law in Australia and New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberlee Weatherall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Case Law ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Trademark Legislation ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter provides both an overview of the history of intellectual property (IP) laws in Australia and New Zealand, and pathways into existing and emerging scholarship in this area. It discusses convergence and divergence in copyright, patent and trademark legislation and case law between Britain and these two former colonies, from early colonial experimentation to the long period of closely mirroring UK reforms. In the late twentieth century, both countries developed more distinctive IP laws, and diverged on a range of fundamental questions. In the twenty-first century, trade policy—trans-Tasman and global—has created pressures for convergence, but as the countries have grown apart, more perhaps than many realize, so there is considerable resistance to unifying projects. The chapter closes with a discussion of the different trajectories in how IP and indigenous cultural and knowledge systems interface in Australia and New Zealand.

scholarly journals New treaty, new tradition: reconciling New Zealand and Māori Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rowse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
New Tradition

According to Carwyn Jones, New Zealand’s late twentieth century return to the Treaty of Waitangi is both an opportunity for tikanga Māori and a threat to it.

scholarly journals COUNTER-TERRORISM COOPERATION IN THE ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM (ARF) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIA DEFENSE DIPLOMACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Nila Febri Wilujeng ◽  
Yoedhi Swastanto ◽  
Thomas Gabriel Joostensz
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regional Organization ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Asean Regional Forum ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Violent Extremism

<p>Terrorism is a threat that not only jeopardizes a country's security, but also the survival of ASEAN as a regional organization, the security of peace and stability, and the region's overall economic possibilities. This research aimed to examine the implementation of Counter-terrorism (CT) cooperation in the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) from the perspective of Indonesia's defense diplomacy. The research method used was the qualitative method which is based on the combination of interviews and literature review regarding ASEAN’s or ARF’s Counter-terrorism cooperation and Indonesia’s defense diplomacy from the year 2015-2019. The findings showed that CT cooperation is less discussed in the mechanism of the ARF since the current focus of ARF is on Trafficking in Person (TIP) and threats of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN). Meanwhile, from the perspective of defense diplomacy, Indonesia has successfully initiated ARF Statement on Preventing and Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism Conducive to Terrorism (VECT) with Australia and New Zealand in 2019. However, it is undeniable that CT cooperation through the ARF mechanism remains difficult to achieve due to several obstacles, including the differences of national interests and legal framework, the principle of non-interference, and the existence of mutual distrust between participating countries.</p>

Breaking the ISIS Brand Counter Narrative Project: Understanding, Preventing, and Intervening in Militant Jihadi Terrorism and Violent Extremism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Speckhard ◽  
Molly Ellenberg ◽  
Zack Baddorf
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Internet Recruitment ◽  
Research Psychologist

The content of this chapter describes the processes by which individuals become radicalized toward militant jihadi terrorism and ultimately join terrorist groups using ISIS recruitment and radicalization within ISIS as the focus of doing so. In doing so, it identifies steps that practitioners and policy makers can use to prevent and counter violent jihadist extremism by taking a nuanced approach that considers psychosocial vulnerabilities and environmental factors that contribute to radicalization. The case studies presented to illustrate these points are gleaned from the 240 interviews [1] with ISIS defectors, returnees, and imprisoned cadres interviewed by the first author, a research psychologist, in her role as director of the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) and well as hundreds of terrorists from other groups. In the case of the ISIS interviews, with the interviewees’ consent, the interviews were video-recorded and cut to create short counter narrative clips that can be used as a powerful tool for challenging the beliefs that individuals who have been exposed to ISIS propaganda may hold. This chapter also focuses on the Internet campaigns that ICSVE has used to test various aspects of the counter narrative videos, revealing the best ways to utilize the counter narratives and to maximize their impact online. Given that ISIS has become notorious for its skill at Internet recruitment and creating high-quality propaganda videos, it is imperative that counter terrorism professionals are able to parallel their efforts in order to continue fighting them even after the territorial defeat of the Caliphate.

Neoliberalism at Work in the Antipodean Welfare State in the Late Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Working People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Financial Recession

Neoliberalism is critical to understanding the experience of working people in the crises of capitalism from the 1970s to the global financial recession of 2008. The literature recognizes that neoliberalism was variously applied and developed unevenly geographically in complex ways. While research has concentrated on the advanced economies, such as the United States and United Kingdom, an antipodean model has also been teased out. New Zealand is recognized as an outstanding example of the late twentieth-century neoliberal experiment. This chapter examines the antipodean responses to the post-1970s economic crisis of capitalism in the light of a longer history of the welfare state. It shows that the response to neoliberalism was complex, involving resistance as well as collusion and collaboration. It begins by exploring the distinct antipodean welfare-state tradition, which is held up to explain opposition to neoliberal ideas, but which New Zealand largely shared with Australia.

The Future Challenge to the Past: The Case of the American Welfare State

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-416
Author(s):  
Robert Morris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Welfare State

ABSTRACTThis article and its commentaries examine some of the difficulties that confront supporters of the welfare state as they encounter critical opposition which has evolved in the US in recent years. Attention is directed to trends in popular attitudes which seem to produce a more narrow vision of welfare than that usually advanced by advocates and social policy makers, the changing nature of dependency and the unexpected consequences of universal benefit programmes. Different views are presented about how to approach welfare state developments in the US in the late twentieth century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document