Evaluation of the Accuracy of an Intraoral Scanner: An Update on the Omnicam

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
File Format ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Software Update ◽  
Previous Version ◽  
Know How ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Optical Impression

Computerized optical impression making is one of the most exciting topics in dentistry today. Therefore, it is very important to know how accurate these devices are. Purpose: To investigate the influence of a software update of an intraoral scanner. Materials and Methods: Accuracy was tested in terms of trueness and precision. An acrylic model was scanned with an industrial scanner. The dataset was used as reference for the evaluation of the CEREC AC Omnicam datasets and statistical analyses implemented. Results: Trueness and precision values very significantly smaller with the latest software version as opposed to the previous version. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, the investigated intraoral scanner meets the highest standards in terms of trueness and precision. The authors strongly recommend to not use software other than the proprietary workflows to export files to the open STL file format.

Research on the Three-Dimensional Displaying of STL ASCII and Binary File

2014 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
File Format ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Stl File ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Three Dimensional Display

Based on the detailed analysis of the STL file format, VC++ 6.0 programming language was used to extract the STL ASCII and binary file information, at the same time, using the OpenGL triangle drawing technology for graphical representation of the STL file, with rendering functions such as material, coordinate transformation, lighting, et al, finally realizing the loading and three-dimensional display of STL ASCII and binary file formats.

scholarly journals Triangulation of 3D Surfaces Recovered from STL Grids

10.14311/620 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rypl ◽  
Z. Bittnar
Keyword(s):  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Boundary Representation ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
File Format ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Advancing Front ◽  
Discrete Surfaces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reconstructed Surface ◽  
3D Surfaces

In the present paper, an algorithm for the discretization of parametric 3D surfaces has been extended to the family of discrete surfaces represented by stereolithography (STL) grids. The STL file format, developed for the rapid prototyping industry, is an attractive alternative to surface representation in solid modeling. Initially, a boundary representation is constructed from the STL file using feature recognition. Then a smooth surface is recovered over the original STL grid using an interpolating subdivision procedure. Finally, the reconstructed surface is subjected to the triangulation accomplished using the advancing front technique operating directly on the surface. The capability of the proposed methodology is illustrated on an example. 

scholarly journals STL file format MeshIO class for ITK

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ibanez
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
File Format ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Stl File ◽  
3D Space

This document describes the implementation of an ITK class to support the reading and writing of Meshes in STL file format. The Meshes are assumed to contain 2D manifolds embedded in a 3D space. In practice, it would be desirable to use this class mostly to read and write QuadEdgeMeshes.This paper is accompanied with the source code, input data, parameters and output data that the authors used for validating the algorithm described in this paper. This adheres to the fundamental principle that scientific publications must facilitate reproducibility of the reported results.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of 3-DOF Robot Arm Using Parallelogram Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1229
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Robot Motion ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
File Format ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
And Control

This paper focuses on the design, fabrication and control of a 3-DOF robot arm using stepper motors. The robot arm uses three parallelogram mechanisms to position the end-effector of the robot and keep the end-effector always parallel to the horizontal during the robot motion. The robot is designed on the Autodesk Inventor software. Separated parts of the robot are saved in the stereolithography (STL) file format. Then the parts are fabricated by a 3D printer. The movement of the robotic arm is driven by stepper motors and controlled by Arduino. The Arduino board implements kinematics calculation, creates pulses and sends them to three drivers to driven stepper motors. A software is developed to control the robot by sending the command to the Arduino board.

scholarly journals Implementation of reengineering technology to ensure the predefined geometric accuracy of a light aircraft keel

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1 (114)) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Kateryna Maiorova ◽  
Iurii Vorobiov ◽  
Maksym Boiko ◽  
Valeriia Suponina ◽  
Oleh Komisarov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Equipment ◽  
File Format ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Geometry ◽  
And Control

The subject of this research is the technology of reengineering and control of parts of aircraft objects (AOs) and technological equipment for their manufacture. The predefined accuracy of the keel of a light aircraft and molding surfaces of technological equipment for its manufacture has been ensured by using reengineering technology and CAD systems. A portrait of the actual physically existing keel of a light aircraft was built in the *.stl file format using the software Artec Studio (USA). The control and comparison of the geometry of the shapes of the analytical standard with the actual physically existing keel of a light aircraft based on its portrait have been implemented. The methods used are the analysis and synthesis of the experimental geometry of shapes, the method of expert evaluations. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis and synthesis, the presence of significant errors in the accuracy of the manufacture of the keel for a light aircraft in the range from −5.26 mm to +5.39 mm was detected. It has been shown that the key factor is the keel's relative plane indicator, which is outside the tolerance margin and is 85 %. It was decided to fabricate new technological equipment from another material – organic plastics. Control of the technological equipment made from organic plastics for the keel of a light aircraft showed that the shape-forming surfaces of the equipment have appropriate shapes and sizes corresponding to the existing analytical standard and are devoid of inaccuracies that occurred in the previous version. The range of keel margins that was made using the new technological equipment from organic plastics is from –0.51 mm to +0.34 mm while the relative plane of the keel outside the tolerance margin does not exceed 15 %. The study results showed the adequacy of the decisions taken, ensuring the predefined accuracy for the keel of a light aircraft and molding surfaces of technological equipment for its manufacture.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis the Root of Terrorism from the Perspektif Islamic Movement in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-420
Author(s):  
Dinda Rosanti Salsa Bela ◽  
Achmad Nurmandi ◽  
Isnaini Muallidin ◽  
Danang Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
File Format ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Know How ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Vos Viewer ◽  
The Government ◽  
Method Approach

This paper aims to map the root of terrorism in Indonesia from the Islamic movement perspective. The authors want to know how the root of terrorism has strengthened in Indonesia. A qualitative method approach was taken through a literature study regarding the delivery of research map information while the data was exported in the RIS Export file format. Then, the authors exported the data and processed it using VOSviewer to find out a bibliometric map of research development based on significant themes of Indonesian terrorism cases. Nvivo 12 plus provided exploration and description of terrorism in Indonesia to get an efficient explanation of the data. The findings are, the first to map the issue of terrorism in Indonesia. First, there was a correlation between terrorism, radicalism, and Islam. Different views of religious teachings eventually led to the terrorism movement. Several radical Islamic organizations in Indonesia have portrayed Islam as a terrorist religion. Second, the factors causing the strengthening of terrorism in Indonesia were due to injustice, oppression, and discrimination leading to terrorism and radicalism using the concept of jihad. This research suggests that the government can handle terrorism cases in Indonesia and neutralize ideas that are considered radical with a de-radicalization approach. (Tulisan ini bertujuan memetakan akar terorisme di Indonesia dari aspek gerakan Islam. Penulis ingin mengetahui bagaimana akar terorisme menguat di Indonesia. Pendekatan metode kualitatif ditempuh melalui studi pustaka sedangkan untuk penyampaian informasi peta penelitian, data diekspor dalam format file Ekspor RIS. Kemudian, penulis mengekspor data dalam format (RIS), mengolahnya menggunakan VOS viewer untuk mengetahui peta bibliometrik pengembangan penelitian berdasarkan tema signifikan kasus terorisme di Indonesia dan menggunakan Nvivo 12 plus untuk memberikan eksplorasi dan deskripsi terorisme di Indonesia demi mendapatkan penjelasan yang efisien dari data. Temuan penelitian ini adalah; Pertama, pada tahap pemetaan isu terorisme di Indonesia, terdapat korelasi antara terorisme, radikalisme, dan Islam. Perbedaan pandangan terhadap ajaran agama pada akhirnya memunculkan gerakan terorisme. Beberapa organisasi Islam radikal di Indonesia telah mencitrakan Islam sebagai agama teroris. Kedua, diketahui faktor penyebab menguatnya terorisme di Indonesia adalah rasa ketidakadilan, penindasan dan diskriminasi yang berujung pada gerakan terorisme dan radikalisme dengan mengusung konsep jihad. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah agar pemerintah dapat menangani kasus terorisme di Indonesia dan menetralisir ide-ide yang dianggap radikal dengan pendekatan deradikalisasi.

Model Support Algorithm in Powder Based Three Dimensional Printer

2006 ◽  
Vol 505-507 ◽  
pp. 1255-1260
Author(s):  
Wei Hsiang Lai ◽  
Chun I Cheng ◽  
Mon U. Huang ◽  
Hsiu Ming Chang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
File Format ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Integration Test

Generally, rapid prototype system, it bases on the operation principle to process layer by layer, and has several kinds of hardware already. The input of STL file format has become the de facto standard in rapid prototyping. With the application of complex material, the variety of product-type using RP technology will be dramatically extended and, no more, be limited in model production. However under the structure of 3D printing, large item production will be possible only if specific support were applied. This study proposes the hardware and software integrated method with the subject of the three-dimensional printing. The hardware utilizes ink-jet of general two-dimensional printer and combines with the traversing mechanism and the process controls and model material, and piles up in accordance with default layer thickness. As the supporting structure in STL-file format is generated through the concepts of the 3D-printing support generating method which is carried out by performing projection and displacement of selected triangular surfaces and then the generated 3D model is further constructed by Open GL and saved in STL-file format. As STL file is read, and then builds adjacency to store into the topology data structure. After the operation of direct slicing rule, hundreds of contours in each layer are obtained by using Visual C ++ programming language and OpenGL library to implement the algorithm above. It can confirm exactness that the software output and systematic feasibility of integrating the hardware through the result of system integration test on the 3D printer.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Different Head Movements of Intraoral Scanner in Full Arch of Both Maxilla and Mandible

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8140
Author(s):  
Chun-Wei Feng ◽  
Chun-Cheng Hung ◽  
Jen-Chyan Wang ◽  
Ting-Hsun Lan
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Scan Path ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Optical Impression ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Post Hoc

This in vitro study aimed to compare the accuracy of maxilla and mandible full-arch scans from an intraoral scanner via one scan path with six different head movements. Standard maxilla and mandible models via holder were set in a dental chair to simulate position and posture. The reference models’ standard tessellation language (STL) files were formatted via desktop scanner, and operative models’ files were obtained via IOS TRIOS 3 Pod as superimposed by Exocad CAD software. The same scan path with six head movements (Linear, Circle, Wave, 8-figure, S-figure, and A-P) were designed to scan 10 times per jaw, and a total of 120 scan files were then compared with reference files. The data were recorded and deviations of both occlusal and B-L sides were compared, with statistical analysis being performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc comparisons with Tukey test. The trueness of optical impression for full-arch via one path with six head movements differed from maxilla and mandible and depended on the different movements (p < 0.05). In the same path, peak deviation was found at the turning points for left central incisor, left first premolar, left second molar, and right second molar in maxilla, and for right first premolar, second molar, and left second molar in the mandible. The 8-figure movement showed the highest deviation (0.128 ± 0.086 mm) in the maxilla and (0.105 ± 0.069 mm) in the mandible. The Linear movement presented the lowest deviation (0.096 ± 0.07 mm) in the maxilla while the Circle movement presented the lowest deviation (0.073 ± 0.041 mm) in the mandible, with the 8-figure movement showing the worst precision among six movements. In the maxilla, the S- and 8-figure movements were not recommended, while the Linear and Circle movements showed high trueness. In the mandible, the 8-figure movement was not recommended, while the other five presented similar lower deviations.

scholarly journals Node generation in complex 3D domains for heat conduction problems solved by RBF-FD meshless method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2116 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Riccardo Zamolo ◽  
Enrico Nobile
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Meshless Method ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
External Surface ◽  
File Format ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Steady State Heat

Abstract A novel algorithm is presented and employed for the fast generation of meshless node distributions over arbitrary 3D domains defined by using the stereolithography (STL) file format. The algorithm is based on the node-repel approach where nodes move according to the mutual repulsion of the neighboring nodes. The iterative node-repel approach is coupled with an octree-based technique for the efficient projection of the nodes on the external surface in order to constrain the node distribution inside the domain. Several tests are carried out on three different mechanical components of practical engineering interest and characterized by complexity of their geometry. The generated node distributions are then employed to solve a steady-state heat conduction test problem by using the Radial Basis Function-generated Finite Differences (RBF-FD) meshless method. Excellent results are obtained in terms of both quality of the generated node distributions and accuracy of the numerical solutions.

A Method of Numbered STL File Format for Recording Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 1102-1105
Author(s):  
Li Li Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
File Format ◽  
Triangular Meshes ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Storage Model ◽  
Stl File ◽  
High Repetition ◽  
Depth Images ◽  
Normal Vectors

The paper has proposed an improved method of recording data in STL file format against disadvantages, such as high repetition of recording triangular meshes data and complex computation of vertex coordinate. Vertexes and normal vectors of triangular meshes are renumbered, and meshes data expressed by coordinate is changed into data stored by number. It facilitates the recording of triangular meshes data of depth images and provides a more simple way for establishing data storage model.

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