scholarly journals Analysis of Eurasian Countries in Terms of Economic Freedom with Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Orman
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
Index Value

Governments in economically free societies; aim to increase the level of sustainable growth and prosperity of the country while allowing labor, capital, and products to move freely. To determine the economic freedom of the countries, it publishes indices by various independent institutions, and thus, their position in comparison to other countries is determined. Especially ın order to determine the group structure among countries that are close to each other in terms of regions; In addition to revealing the status of the region in terms of economic freedom, it is beneficial in terms of acting with similar countries for plans and determining policies. In the index called the Economic Freedom Index published annually by the Heritage Foundation, a ranking including the countries that are members of the United Nations is made. This index value is measured through variables based on 12 quantitative and qualitative factors divided into four broad categories of economic freedom. In this study in which 2021 data was used, cluster analysis, one of the multivariate statistical analysis techniques, was preferred to group countries. Findings from the analysis showed that Eurasian countries were divided into 4 different clusters according to the economic freedom index. Among the countries, the most striking country was North Korea. In the formation of this situation. It can be thought that it is due to the state's adoption of an excessively interventionist policy in the economic policies of the country.

Linking Labor Productivity to Economic Freedom

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Nissan ◽  
Farhang Niroomand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Economic Freedom Index

This paper provides a review of the role of enterprise in a capitalistic setting to promote economic growth. For this purpose, two indexes on productivity and economic freedom were utilized to compare countries grouped by region and income. The finding by relating productivity to economic freedom index of the Heritage Foundation indicates a statistically significant relationship between the two. This gives credence to the hypothesis that economic liberalization induces growth, despite significant gaps in the levels of productivity and economic freedom index between groups of countries.

Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1686-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Díaz‐Casero ◽  
D. Ángel Manuel Díaz‐Aunión ◽  
Mari Cruz Sánchez‐Escobedo ◽  
Alicia Coduras ◽  
Ricardo Hernández‐Mogollón
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Economic Freedom Index

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine empirically whether economic freedom affects entrepreneurial activity in three groups of countries, classified according to economic development.Design/methodology/approachData on the index of entrepreneurial activity cover the period between 2002 and 2009, and are taken from the annual GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) reports and from the Index of Economic Freedom published by The Heritage Foundation from 1995 to 2009. The same analysis is carried out, grouping the countries by development level, following the classification included in the Global Competitiveness Report 2009‐2010. A Ridge regression analysis is performed to measure the model's goodness‐of‐fit and to determine equations that can be used for future predictions.FindingsThe results obtained in the correlation analysis show that economic freedom is closely related to entrepreneurial activity. The results suggest that TEA rates, opportunity‐TEA rates and necessity‐TEA rates decrease when there is an increase in economic freedom in a country, as just two of the areas analyzed – i.e. “government size” and “fiscal freedom” – appear to foster the emergence of new entrepreneurs. When countries are grouped by level of economic development, the results for countries belonging to the “Innovation‐Driven Economies” group show that the opportunity‐TEA rates increase as the economic freedom index grows.Originality/valueThe study indicates that entrepreneurship by opportunity increases in the group of Innovation‐Driven Economies with smaller “government size” and more “fiscal freedom”.

scholarly journals PROPOSED INDEX CALCULATION FOR ECONOMICS RANKING

2018 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Necati Alp Erilli
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering Method ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Proportional Variation ◽  
Index Calculation

Index; is a display in which more than one variable is included and is used to measure the proportional variation of the movements of these variables. Indices are useful because they allow summarization and comparison by making the data simple. In this study; a new index calculation has been proposed with the help Fuzzy Clustering method. Calculation of Index prepared with 10 index values used in the literature. The indices are; Open Market, Budget Transparency, European 2020-Competitiveness, Economic Freedom (by Heritage Foundation), Economic Freedom (by Fraser Institute), Depth of credit information, Financial Stability, Trade Facilitation, Financial Inovation and Global competition. FCM Calculations are made with Matlab.2016 and other calculations are made with Microsoft Excel.2017 programmes. There are variables which have different numbers and structures used in each index calculation. These variables have different weights within themselves. In this study, weights were calculated for the new index value which will be created by using the sequences created because of these indices. The weights of each index value obtained by the Fuzzy Clustering Analysis are multiplied by the index values to create a new index order. European countries were re-ordered under the title “Economy”. It can interpret this new index order as a general summation of all other orders. Thus, the order of the countries under different subject headings will be calculated together with the orders in a specific area (economy, law etc.).

WHOSE ECONOMIC FREEDOM ANYWAY? REVELATIONS FROM THE SOUTH AFRICAN DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joleen Steyn Kotze
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Political Narrative ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
Ideological Construction

The Economic Freedom Index published by the Heritage Foundation ranks South Africa at 72nd out of 178 countries in terms of economic freedom in 2015. This index classifies South Africa as moderately free in terms of its level of economic freedom. While the country may be in the middle of the pack on the Economic Freedom Index, it is also often classified as one of the most unequal societies in the world. South Africa is often seen in the top five unequal countries globally with a high Gini-coefficient, and when using the Palma index (measuring the ratio of income share between the top 10 per cent and bottom 40 per cent), South Africa can also be classified as highly unequal. Therefore a contradiction seems to exist. While South Africa ranks as economicallymoderately free on one hand, the country is also regarded as one of the most unequal societies in the world, on the other hand. It is this contradiction that brings to the fore a contested ideological construction of economic freedom within its political narrative premised on a view that the promise of democracy had not delivered. This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the contested interpretations of economic freedom through the lens of securing liberation and the promise of democracy in South Africa: a promise built on the Freedom Charter's construction of a democratic South Africa.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

scholarly journals Impact of Economic Freedom on Corruption Revisited in ASEAN Countries: A Bayesian Hierarchical Mixed-Effects Analysis

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Thach ◽  
Bui Hoang Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
Asean Countries

Conceptual and applied studies assessing the linkage between economic freedom and corruption expect that economic freedom boosts economic growth, improves income, and reduces levels of corruption. However, most of them have concentrated on developed and developing groups, while Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have drawn much less attention. Empirical findings are most often conflicting. Moreover, previous studies performed rather simple frequentist techniques regressing one or some freedom indices on corruption that do not allow for grasping all the aspects of economic freedom as well as capturing variations across countries. The study aims to investigate the effects of ten components of economic freedom index on the level of corruption in ten ASEAN countries from 1999 to 2018. By applying a Bayesian hierarchical mixed-effects regression via a Monte Carlo technique combined with the Gibbs sampler, the obtained results suggest several findings as follows: (i) In view of probability, the predictors property rights, government integrity, tax burden, business freedom, labor freedom, and investment freedom have a strongly positive impact on the response perceived corruption index; (ii) Government spending, trade freedom, and financial freedom exert a strongly negative effect, while the influence of monetary freedom is ambiguous; (iii) There is an existence of not only random intercepts but also random coefficients at the country level impacting the model outcome. The empirical outcome could be of major importance for more efficient corruption controlling in emerging countries, including ASEAN nations.

scholarly journals Chemical Fingerprinting of Cryptic Species and Genetic Lineages of Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. (Marchantiophyta, Metzgeriidae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Rafał Wawrzyniak ◽  
Wiesław Wasiak ◽  
Beata Jasiewicz ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Marker Compounds

Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. is a representative of the simple thalloid liverworts, one of the three main types of liverwort gametophytes. According to classical taxonomy, A. pinguis represents one morphologically variable species; however, genetic data reveal that this species is a complex consisting of 10 cryptic species (named by letters from A to J), of which four are further subdivided into two or three evolutionary lineages. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient method for the characterisation of plant material using marker compounds. The volatile chemical constituents of cryptic species within the liverwort A. pinguis were analysed by GC-MS. The compounds were isolated from plant material using the HS-SPME technique. Of the 66 compounds examined, 40 were identified. Of these 40 compounds, nine were selected for use as marker compounds of individual cryptic species of A. pinguis. A guide was then developed that clarified how these markers could be used for the rapid identification of the genetic lineages of A. pinguis. Multivariate statistical analyses (principal component and cluster analysis) revealed that the chemical compounds in A. pinguis made it possible to distinguish individual cryptic species (including genetic lineages), with the exception of cryptic species G and H. The classification of samples based on the volatile compounds by cluster analysis reflected phylogenetic relationships between cryptic species and genetic lineages of A. pinguis revealed based on molecular data.

scholarly journals Re-examination of price level differentials using economic freedom index

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-896
Author(s):  
Karam Shaar ◽  
Mohamed Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Economic Freedom Index
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