scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL INTOXICATION WITH CYPERMETHRIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
E. A. Chigrinsky ◽  
V. D. Konvay ◽  
Yu. N. Fedorov ◽  
L. K. Gerunova ◽  
V. I. Gerunov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Intoxication ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Morphological Criteria

The research objective was to evaluate the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands in laboratory animals in conditions of acute and chronic intoxication with cypermethrin. Studies were performed on 140 male rats of the Wistar line. To simulate an acute intoxication cypermethrin was single injected into the stomach in a dose of half of LD50 followed by observation of the animals for 30 days. In the study of chronic intoxication cypermethrin was administered to rats in a dose of 1/100 of LD50. The experiment has lasted for 120 days.At the initial stage of the experiment the acute intoxication of rats with cypermethrin caused hyper- and then hyposecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The content of progesterone in the blood serum and adrenal tissue decreased in animals. During the first three days after the poisoning there was an increase in the concentration of corticosterone in the blood serum. To the end of the 7th day the concentration of this hormone in adrenal tissue decreased sharply and did not reach the control background after a month. Chronic intoxication with cypermethrin caused hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone for two months with the subsequent normalization of its level in the blood. The disturbance of progesterone synthesis in the adrenal glands during chronic intoxication is indicated by fluctuation of its concentration in blood 30 days after the start of the experiment. There was found high level of corticosterone in blood and adrenal glands for two months, and then it decreased to a control level. Morphological criteria for amplification and then suppression of adrenal function are the dimension of endocrine cells and their nuclei, the intensity of cell vacuolation suggesting the degree of lipids accumulation, and the severity of blood filling in the vessels of the beam and reticular zones.

scholarly journals Effect of glyprolines on serum caspase levels under “social” stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Anna L. Yasenyavskaya ◽  
Alexandra A. Tsibizova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Andreeva ◽  
Nikolay F. Myasoedov ◽  
Olga A. Bashkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Effector Caspases ◽  
Adhesive Proteins

Objective. To investigate the effect of glyprolines on the levels of initiating and effector caspases in the serum of white rats under "social" stress. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 90 white male rats of 6 months of age. All manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance with international and domestic requirements for working with laboratory animals. When modeling "social" stress, groups of animals with aggressive and submissive behavior were formed. Laboratory animals, taking into account the types of behavior, were divided into groups (n=10): a group of intact males (control); a group of animals exposed to" social " stress for 20 days (stress); groups of individuals who received intraperitoneal Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro), Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu at doses of 100 mcg/kg / day from the 1st day of stress exposure within a 20- day course. The effect of neuropeptides on the activity of apoptosis processes was evaluated by determining the level of initiating and effector caspases (caspase-8 and caspase-3) (ELISA Kit for Caspase-8 and ELISA Kit for Caspase-3; USA) in the blood serum of white rats by enzyme immunoassay. Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that under conditions of "social" stress, an increase in apoptotic processes was observed, accompanied by an increase in the level of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the blood serum of white rats. The introduction of the studied compounds against the background of stress contributed to a decrease in the level of the studied indicators, which is most likely due to the presence of antiapoptotic action in glyprolins due to inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions, as a result of which the destruction of cellular structures occurs by hydrolysis of nuclear lamina, cleavage of adhesive proteins, destruction of the cytoskeleton. Conclusion. Thus, the conducted study established the presence of Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu under conditions of stress-induced antiapoptotic activity due to inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FATTY OIL EXTRACT FROM SEEDS OF NIGELLA DAMASCENA L. ON LIPID SPECTRUM IN RATS WITH SIMULATED DYSLIPIDEMIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
M. P. Efremova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Nigella Damascena ◽  
Lipid Spectrum

The aim of the study is to determine a lipid spectrum of blood plasma and liver in rats in with simulated dyslipidemia against the background of the administration of the fatty oil extract from the seeds of Nigella damascena L.Materials and methods. Laboratory animals – Wistar male rats – were used in the work. To study the hypolipidemic activity, such models as acute Tween, subchronic vitamin-D2 models and a model of chronic heart failure were used. The identifiable parameters were the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum and liver, as well as the concentration of atherogenic and non-atherogenic lipoproteins in the blood serum, and the atherogenic coefficient.Results. As a result of the study, it was found out that a course administration of the fatty oil extract from the seeds of Nigella damascena L. against the background of simulated chronic heart failure (CHF) by the right ventricular type, normalizes the lipid spectrum of the experimental animals’ blood serum, causing an increase in the concentration of high-density (non-atherogenic) lipoproteins, and reduces the concentration of low-density (atherogenic) lipoproteins. A single administration of the fatty oil extract from the seeds of Nigella damascena L. promotes the correction of lipid metabolism disorders under the conditions of acute Tween lipidopathy, while the direction of the object being studied reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver and blood serum under the conditions of subchronic dyslipidemia. At the same time, the effect of the use of the fatty oil extract from the seeds of Nigella damascena L. was not inferior to “Omaсor”, the reference drug.Conclusion. The possibility of using a fatty oil extract from the seeds of Nigella damascena L. for preventive and therapeutic aims in cardiovascular diseases has been established.

scholarly journals The effect of substance P on blood serum glycoproteins under technogenic rotating electric fields in animals with different stress resistance profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
T S Vorontsova ◽  
N N Vasileva ◽  
L S Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
White Male ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Field Action

Aim. To study the effect of substance P on the blood serum glycoproteins in experimental animals with different stress-resistance profiles under technogenic rotating electric field. Methods. The level of sialic acids, mucoproteins, fucose, and -L-fucosidase was determined in the blood serum of 72 noninbred white male rats before (control) and on the 10th and 20th day of exposure to a technogenic rotating electric field (REF), as well as under the combination of technogenic rotating electric field and substance P injection at the same time. To determine the stress resistance, the animals were tested using the open field method. Animals were divided into groups based on the tests data obtained: stress-resistant, not stress-resistant and ambivalent. Results. On the 10th day of technogenic rotating electric field action, the level of sialic acids, fucose, and -L-fucosidase activity increased in all animals. The concentration of mucoproteins tended to decrease. On the 20th day, the sialic acids content remained elevated compared with the control in all groups. The content of mucoproteins decreased in stress-resistant, not stress-resistant and restored to the control level in ambivalent compared with those on the 10th day. On the 20th day, fucose concentration reached control values in stress-resistant and ambivalent animals and decreased in not stress-resistant. On the 10th day of the combined exposure, the concentration of sialic acids, mucoproteins, fucose, -L-fucosidase was reduced in all animals compared with the 10th day of technogenic rotating electric field action. On the 20th day of the combined exposure, the values of the studied parameters remained reduced in all groups of animals compared with those on the 20th day of isolated technogenic rotating electric field action. Conclusion. The substance P injection limits the effects of technogenic rotating electric field on the metabolism of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers in blood serum in all groups of animals, as can be seen by a decrease in the level of sialic acids, fucose, and low enzymatic activity of -L-fucosidase under combined exposure.

scholarly journals Adaptive reactions of rats after light desynchronosis and physical overwork

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Gostyukhina ◽  
T. A. Zamoshchina ◽  
K. V. Zaitsev ◽  
S. S. Gutor ◽  
O. B. Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

It is known that desynchronosis and physical stress to the point of fatigue are powerful stressors for the body. Studies indicate a depleting effect of the combined stress factors on the adaptive reserves of the organism, especially when the joint exposure is prolonged. However, the adaptive value of the training process in various activities is also well known. In this regard, it seems important to study these two aspects of adaptation when combined effects of light desynchronosis and physical overwork on the body.Рurposeof this study was to study the features of adaptive reactions of rats under conditions of light desynchronosis and physical overwork.Materials and methods. An experimental study was performed on 60 mature male rats of the Wistar breed. For the induction of experimental desynchronosis, the animals of the experimental groups were kept for 10 days in artificial bright illumination (150 LX) or full darkening (2-3 LX). The model of physical overfatigue used the method of forced swimming of rats to complete fatigue in their own modification. At the end of the swim test, all the animals were withdrawn from the experiment and underwent one-step-long decapitation under CO2 with anesthesia. In decapitated animals, to collect serum, the blood was collected in a clean, dry vial. In the blood serum of rats, the biochemical standard method was used to determine the level of lactate. Using the ELISA method and the reagent kit “IBL” (Germany), the concentrations of corticosterone and serotonin were determined. The histological analysis of the stress-realizing organs was carried out according to a standard procedure using light microscopy using the Axioskop 40 microscope from CarlZeiss (Germany).Results.It was found that physical fatigue in rats after daily swimming activities (5 days) was accompanied by a decrease in the level of corticosterone in the blood serum and destructive changes in the adrenal and femoral muscles in comparison with intact animals. In comparison with the intact group, dark deprivation and physical activity did not alter the content of corticosterone, serotonin, and lactate in the blood and caused minor destructive processes in the adrenal glands. Light deprivation and fatigue lowered the level of corticosterone in the blood, caused destructive changes in the adrenal glands and muscles, and increased serotonin levels in serum, but did not change the level of lactate.Conclusions.The features of adaptive reactions of rats under conditions of light desynchronosis and physical overfatigue are determined by the nature of deprivation or the direction of the phase shift (deprivation of light or darkness). Dark deprivation followed by physical overfatigue causes the development of the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, and light deprivation followed by physical overwork is the phase of exhaustion.

Adrenal glands of mice and rats: A comparative morphometric study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110443
Author(s):  
Athanasios Siasios ◽  
Georgios Delis ◽  
Anastasia Tsingotjidou ◽  
Aris Pourlis ◽  
Ioannis Grivas
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Cortex Area

Mice and rats are among the most used laboratory animals. They share numerous similarities along with differences, some yet unexplored. One of them is the morphometry of their adrenal glands, whose characteristics may be related to differences in energy management, immune response, drug metabolism, behaviour and temperament. The present study tries to fill this knowledge gap with the evaluation and comparison of adrenal gland anatomical/morphometric parameters of mice and rats. In groups of 10 ( n = 10) adult, male and female BALB/c mice and Wistar rats, one in every 20 sections transverse to the longitudinal axis of the gland was used for measuring entire gland area, capsule, entire cortex, cortex zones and medulla with the aid of an image analysis system and subjected to statistical analysis. Quotients of the individual areas were calculated and comparison between the resulting ratios was performed. Gland length and volume were also calculated. Statistically significant differences were revealed between the rat female and male cortex area, rat and mouse medulla/cortex, medulla/gland, zona glomerulosa/cortex and cortex/gland ratios, male and female rats’ medulla/cortex, medulla/gland, capsule/gland, zona glomerulosa/cortex, zona reticularis/cortex and zona glomerulosa/zona fasciculata ratios, length and volume. The correlation evaluation revealed that in male rats and in female mice the larger medulla area was accompanied by a larger cortex area and vice versa. In general, a larger cortex area was accompanied by larger areas of cortex zones. The collected data and the revealed differences can possibly contribute to the understanding of the physiology of the two species.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Levels of Cardiospecific Markers in the Blood of Experimental Animals with Modeled Myocardial Necrosis During Different Periods of Readaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
M. T. Taalaybekova ◽  
Zh. A. Makhmudova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function

<b>Introduction.</b> Analysis of biomedical aspects of the development of high-altitude pathology includes the concept of "readaptation" that has recently become a matter of scientific interest. Readaptation is the process of reverse adaptation of the structure and function of the human or animal body to the conditions of the external environment, aimed at maintaining the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body - homeostasis. This article is devoted to the study of the course of myocardial necrosis at different periods of readaptation to low mountain conditions after 3 and 30 days of staying in high mountain conditions. <br><b>Materials and methods.</b> The experimental part of the study was performed using 40 white outbred laboratory male rats aged 3-4 months weighing 200-300 g. The course of catecholamine necrosis of the myocardium in different periods of readaptation was the subject of the study. Blood serum enzymes and the myocardium of laboratory animals represented the objects of the study. <br><b>Results.</b> It was found that after simulating cardionecrosis on the 3<sup>rd</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and 30<sup>th</sup> days of animal readaptation to low mountain conditions, the content of creatine phosphokinase-MB, troponin T, aspartate aminotransferase, the cardiac form of the fatty acid-binding protein in the blood serum was higher than in animals with experimental cardionecrosis in low mountains. <br><b>Conclusion.</b> Our study indicates a progressive course of cardionecrosis at different points of readaptation, and, therefore, during the period of readaptation, the body functions undergo significant changes that require further careful studying and evaluation.

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTICULAR SYSTEM AND ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Verjans ◽  
K. B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Slight Elevation

ABSTRACT Effect of intramuscular administration of ACTH or dexamethasone on blood serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH was examined in intact and castrated, adult, male rats. Six IU ACTH or 1 mg dexamethasone were given daily for 7 days. Corticotrophin treatment had no influence on circulating testosterone, LH and FSH in intact or castrated male rats. Dexamethasone administration resulted in a slight elevation of serum FSH in intact animals but not in castrates. LH and testosterone remained normal in both intact and castrated animals injected with dexamethasone. Under our conditions of study the secretions from the adrenal gland appear to be insignificant for the regulation of pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins in the male rat.

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

Identification of tissue insulin receptors: use of a unique in vivo radioreceptor assay

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. E561-E567 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Whitcomb ◽  
T. M. O'Dorisio ◽  
S. Cataland ◽  
M. A. Shetzline ◽  
M. T. Nishikawara
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones ◽  
Tissue Receptors

An in vivo radioreceptor assay for polypeptide hormones has been developed and applied to the identification of tissue insulin receptors. The theoretical basis for this assay is presented elsewhere in this issue. 125I-insulin and 131I-albumin were infused into male rats with increasing amounts of unlabeled insulin. Plasma samples were taken at 1-min intervals until the animals were killed at 5 min. Tissue samples were excised and weighed and the activity due to each isotope counted. By comparing the differential distribution of the labeled tracers and applying the results to a compartment model, the specific, displaceable binding of insulin to tissue receptors could be demonstrated. Binding was detected in the liver, muscle, fat, adrenal glands, pancreas, small intestines, and spleen.

scholarly journals Effect of different types of stress on adrenal gland parameters and adrenal hormones in the blood serum of male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adzic ◽  
Ana Djordjevic ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
Ana Niciforovic ◽  
Marija Radojcic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In the present study, we examined gross changes in the mass of whole adrenal glands and that of the adrenal cortex and medulla in mature male Wistar rats subjected to three different stress types: acute, chronic, and combined, i.e., chronic followed by acute stress. These parameters were correlated with adrenal activity as judged from serum levels of corticosterone and catecholamine, respectively, as well as with serum levels of ACTH and glucose. Under all three conditions, we observed bilaterally asymmetric and stress-type-independent hypertrophy of whole adrenals, as well as adrenal cortices and medullas. Under acute and combined stress, adrenal hypertrophy was followed by increase of adrenal hormones in the blood serum. However, under chronic stress, both cortical and medullar activities as judged from low or unaltered levels of the respective hormones and glucose were compromised and disconnected from the input signal of ACTH. Since all of the studied adrenal activities could be restored by subsequent acute stress, it is concluded that chronic isolation can be viewed as partly maladaptive stress with characteristics resembling stress resistance rather than the stress exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document