scholarly journals Analysis of heavy metals and coliform in samples of drinking water collected from municipal ward offices of western suburbs of Mumbai, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
G.V Zodape
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metallic Sheen ◽  
Differential Medium ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

14 drinking water samples were collected from Vile Parle to Dadar of Suburban’s of (P-South ward offices of B.M.C (Bombay Municipal Corporation) Mumbai in the month from June to December 2012. The samples of drinking-water were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg. From the results so obtained, the contamination due to heavy metals – Zn (3.115 ppm and 7.816 ppm), Mn (3.115 ppm and 7.426 ppm), Fe (1.124 ppm and 2.872 ppm), As (0.011 ppm to 0.091 ppm), Cr (0.188 ppm and 0.998 ppm ), Pb (1.587 ppm and 4.56 ppm) and Cd (0.011 ppm and 0.051 ppm ) was found to be high whereas the contamination due to Cu (0.012 ppm and 0.313 ppm), Ni (0.126 ppm and 0.774 ppm), were found below the acceptable limits and no Hg was detected in the samples of drinking-water. In the present work, MacConkey Broth was used as a differential medium for detection and enumeration of coliforms from a wide variety water samples. The presence of positive doubtful presumptive test immediately suggests that the water is non potable (i.e., both acid and gas develops in a tube after 48 hours incubation). Confirmation suggests that there is fecal contamination in the water under investigation and hence it is non potable. All the fourteen samples (streaked from positive Ma cConkey broth tubes) were found to be contaminated with E. coli, which was further confirmed by the presence of colonies with green metallic sheen observed under a microscope confirmed that the said samples were contaminated with E. coli - the major indicator of fecal contamination.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Samples of Tunceli, Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olcay Kaplan ◽  
Nuran Cikcikoglu Yildirim ◽  
Numan Yildirim ◽  
Nilgun Tayhan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The drinking water quality is associated with the conditions of the water supply networks, the pollution and the contamination of groundwater with pollutants of both anthropogenic and natural origin. In this study, water samples were taken from four different waterworks in Tunceli, Turkey and heavy metals concentrations (As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Hg) were measured. Four sampling sites were pre-defined in different locations of the city. The obtained results showed that, the heavy metals concentrations in water samples did not exceed the values of WHO (World Health Organization), EC (Europe Community), EPA (Environment Protection Agency) and TSE-266 (Turkish Standard) guidelines.

Risk estimation and multivariate statistical analysis of the heavy metal content of drinking water samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
Rajan Jakhu ◽  
Rohit Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Drinking water samples of Jaipur and Ajmer districts of Rajasthan, India, were collected and analyzed for the measurement of concentration of heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of the heavy metals in the drinking water. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the determination of the heavy metal concentrations, and for the statistical analysis of the data, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed. It was observed from the results that with respect to WHO guidelines, the water samples of some locations exceeded the contamination levels for lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg), and with reference to the EPA guidelines, the samples were determined unsuitable for drinking because of high concentrations of Pb and Hg. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we determined that copper, manganese, arsenic, Se, and Hg were of anthropogenic origin, while Pb, copper, and cadmium were of geogenic origin. The present study reports the dominance of the anthropogenic contributions over geogenics in the studied area. The sources of the anthropogenic contaminants need to be investigated in a future study.

scholarly journals Ultra-portable, smartphone-based spectrometer for heavy metal concentration measurement in drinking water samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyam Srivastava ◽  
Vinay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

AbstractHeavy metals are very toxic and hazardous for human health. Onsite screening of heavy metal contaminated samples along with location-based automation data collection is a tedious job. Traditionally high-end equipment’s such as gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and atomic absorption spectrometers have been used to measure the concentration of different heavy metals in water samples but most of them are costly, bulky, and time consuming, and requires expert human intervention. This manuscript reports an ultra-portable, rapid, cost-effective, and easy-to-use solution for onsite heavy metal concentration measurement in drinking water samples. Presented solution combines off-the-shelf available chemical kits for heavy metal detection and developed spectrometer-based readout for concentration prediction, quality judgment, and automatic data collection. Two chemical kits for copper and iron detection have been imported form Merck and have been used for overall training and testing. The developed spectrometer has capability to work with smartphone-based android app and also can work in standalone mode. The developed spectrometer uses white light-emitting diode as a source and commercially imported spectral sensor (AS7262) for visible radiation reception. A low-power sub-GHZ-based wireless embedded platform has been developed and interfaced with source and detector. A power management module also has been designed to monitor the battery status and also to generate low battery indication. Overall modules has been packaged in custom designed enclosure to avoid external light interference. The developed system has been trained using standard buffer samples with known heavy metal concentrations and further tested for water samples collected from institute colony and nearby villages. The obtained results have been validated with commercially imported system from HANNA instruments, and it has been observed that developed system has shown excellent accuracy to predict heavy metal concentration (tested for Fe and Cu) in water samples.

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli DALAM AIR MINUM ISI ULANG YANG DISTERILISASI ULTRAVIOLET DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN JAGAKARSA

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rezki Rachmawati ◽  
Muzajjanah Muzajjanah ◽  
Yoswita Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Bacterium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Refill Water Depot is currently more widely circulated and used as an alternative drinking water supply by the public. However the still unclear about the quality of the drinking water refill generated primarily of biological content. Parameters of biological contamination in drinking water caused by the Escherichia coli and coliform bacterium. This study aims to identify E. coli and coliforms in drinking water refill. Refill drinking water samples obtained from 16 drinking water refill from Jagakarsa subdsitrict. The method used is descriptive. Refill drinking water samples was taken and tested in the MPN (Most Probable Number) method and then to be tested in identification of E. coli. The results of testing the drinking water refill obtained 15 samples positive for coliform bacteria. Samples were positive for E. coli bacteria that sample B.1 and F.2.

Bacteriological quality of drinking water at point of use and hand hygiene of primary food preparers: implications for household food safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
S. G. D. N. Lakshmi Reddi ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
G. M. SubbaRao ◽  
M. Vishnu Vardhana Rao ◽  
R. V. Sudershan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Quality of water for consumption and food processing activities is universally accepted as an essential component to ensure food safety at household (HH) level. Along with safe water, hand hygiene is also an important factor for reducing diarrheal illnesses. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban HHs to detect hygiene indicators in drinking water samples at point of use (PoU) (n = 150) and their association with the hand hygiene of primary food preparers (n = 150). Overall, 24.7% and 9.3% of drinking water samples (PoU), 48% and 20% of hand rinse samples were contaminated by faecal coliforms and E. coli, respectively. Both drinking water (PoU) and hand rinse samples collected from rural HHs showed higher contamination, followed by those from urban slums and low income HHs. Significant association (p < 0.05) and probable risk with faecal coliforms (OR. 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.4) and E. coli (OR. 14.5; 95% CI: 4.1–50.7) was found between hand rinses and drinking water samples that had bacteriological contamination. These results suggest that there was an extensive cross contamination at HH level. So, targeted education is essential on safe food/water handling practices in HHs to prevent food safety risks.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli dalam Air Minum Galon pada Kantin yang ada di Universitas Andalas Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rayhan Braja Gitawama ◽  
Netti Suharti ◽  
Nora Harminarti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Agency ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The National Food and Drug Agency has controlled the refill drinking water in drinking water depots and also controlled food at school canteens ranging from elementary, junior high, to high school, but the National Food and Drug Agency never do food quality controlling in canteens at universities. Objectives: To identified the contamination by coliform and E. coli bacteria in drinking water at Andalas University canteen. Methods: This research was descriptive to identify coliform bacteria on  15 drinking water at the Andalas University faculty canteens.  Samples were taken directly using a sterile bottle, while data analysis using Most Probable Number  (MPN)  tables 5-1-1 and the presence of E. coli bacteria colonies from drinking water samples. Results: 9 of 15 water samples were contaminated by coliform bacteria with the highest MPN index of 240/100 ml that was found in 2 samples. From 9 samples containing coliform bacteria, all of them were found to contain E. coli bacteria. Conclusion: Most of the samples were contaminated by coliform and E. coli bacteria. Drinking water served using a kettle was more contaminated than drinking water served using gallons.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, MPN

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Fecal Contamination in Piped-To-Plot Communal Source and Point-Of-Drinking Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Rebeca Sultana ◽  
Ridwan Bin Rashid ◽  
Sabera Saima ◽  
Anowara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Hygiene Education

The aim of this study was to compare the water quality of piped-to-plot source water with point-of-drinking water in the households of a low-income urban area in Bangladesh. A total of 430 low-income households and 78 communal sources connected to these households were selected from the East Arichpur area of Dhaka. The water samples were collected from point-of-drinking vessels (household members’ preferred drinking vessels i.e., a mug, glass, or bottle) in households and from linked sources at six-week intervals between September 2014 and December 2015. Water samples were processed using standard membrane filtration and culture methods to quantify E. coli. Analysis of paired data from source and point-of-drinking water collected on the same day showed that fecal contamination increased from source to point-of-drinking water in the households in 51% (626/1236) of samples. Comparison between bottles vs. other wide-mouth vessels (i.e., glasses, mugs, jugs) showed significantly lower odds (p = 0.000, OR = 0.58, (0.43–0.78)) of fecal contamination compared to other drinking vessels. The findings suggest that recontamination and post-treatment contamination at the point of drinking play a significant role in water contamination in households. Hygiene education efforts in the future should target the promotion of narrow-mouth drinking vessels to reduce contamination.

Identification of fecal contamination sources in water using host-associated markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne A. Krentz ◽  
Natalie Prystajecky ◽  
Judith Isaac-Renton
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Contamination Sources ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

In British Columbia, Canada, drinking water is tested for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, but there is currently no routine follow-up testing to investigate fecal contamination sources in samples that test positive for indicator bacteria. Reliable microbial source tracking (MST) tools to rapidly test water samples for multiple fecal contamination markers simultaneously are currently lacking. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a qualitative MST tool to identify fecal contamination from different host groups, and (ii) to evaluate the MST tool using water samples with evidence of fecal contamination. Singleplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to test (i) water from polluted sites and (ii) raw and drinking water samples for presence of bacterial genetic markers associated with feces from humans, cattle, seagulls, pigs, chickens, and geese. The multiplex MST assay correctly identified suspected contamination sources in contaminated waterways, demonstrating that this test may have utility for heavily contaminated sites. Most raw and drinking water samples analyzed using singleplex PCR contained at least one host-associated marker. Singleplex PCR was capable of detecting host-associated markers in small sample volumes and is therefore a promising tool to further analyze water samples submitted for routine testing and provide information useful for water quality management.

scholarly journals Drivers of microbiological quality of household drinking water – a case study in rural Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed A. Usman ◽  
Nicolas Gerber ◽  
Evita H. Pangaribowo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study aims at assessing the determinants of microbiological contamination of household drinking water under multiple-use water systems in rural areas of Ethiopia. For this analysis, a random sample of 454 households was surveyed between February and March 2014, and water samples from community sources and household storage containers were collected and tested for fecal contamination. The number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony-forming units per 100 mL water was used as an indicator of fecal contamination. The microbiological tests demonstrated that 58% of household stored water samples and 38% of protected community water sources were contaminated with E. coli. Moreover, most improved water sources often considered to provide safe water showed the presence of E. coli. The result shows that households' stored water collected from unprotected wells/springs had higher levels of E. coli than stored water from alternative sources. Distance to water sources and water collection containers are also strongly associated with stored water quality. To ensure the quality of stored water, the study suggests that there is a need to promote water safety from the point-of-source to point-of-use, with due considerations for the linkages between water and agriculture to advance the Sustainable Development Goal 6 of ensuring access to clean water for everyone.

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