scholarly journals Spatial patterns of recent demographic trends in Serbia (1961–2010)

Geografie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-543
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikitović ◽  
Branislav Bajat ◽  
Dragan Blagojević
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
The North ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

This study considers the spatial and temporal dimensions of demographic trends in Serbia between 1961 and 2010. Using appropriate spatial autocorrelation statistics, spatial patterns of common demographic indicators including changes in population size, the rate of natural increase and infant mortality rate are investigated across municipalities of Serbia. Also, the impact of differential demographic rates according to ethnic origin on forming spatial clusters is implicitly considered. Different stages of demographic transition across municipalities at the start of the analyzed period determined the spatial pattern of clustered subregions; ethnic origin appeared to be a strong factor of differentiation regarding population dynamics. The two opposed areas regarding the transition of rates of natural increase and infant mortality were clustered; the southern included Kosovo and the least developed subregions of Central Serbia. The City of Belgrade and Kosovo have been the two hubs of population growth in Serbia over the past 50 years, while the strongest depopulation refers to the north and east border regions.

Measuring Effectiveness Of Economic Growth On Reducing Infant Mortality Rate In Tamilnadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Mr. Y. EBENEZER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Bound Test

                   This paper deals with economic growth and infant mortality rate in Tamilnadu. The objects of this paper are to test the relationship between Per capita Net State Domestic Product and infant mortality rate and also to measure the impact of Per capita Net State Domestic Product on infant mortality rate in Tamil Nadu. This analysis has employed the ADF test and ARDL approach. The result of the study shows that IMR got reduced and Per capita Net State Domestic Product increased during the study period. This analysis also revealed that there is a negative relationship between IMR and the economic growth of Tamilnadu. In addition, ARDL bound test result has concluded that per capita Net State Domestic Product of Tamilnadu has long run association with IMR.

scholarly journals Benefits of Understanding Systemic Racism in Forming Clinician-Patient Relationships to Reduce Black Infant Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Gotto ◽  
Laura Morello ◽  
Marsha Michie
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Public Health Researcher ◽  
The Impact

Background: The United States lags far behind other developed nations in our overall infant mortality rate. Public health researcher Arline Geronimus has described a "weathering" effect of chronic racial stress among Black women that contributes to high rates of preterm birth, the leading cause of infant death. Trusting relationships between clinicians and patients may play a role in reducing infant mortality for Black mothers. Based on a social-ecological model of health care communication around infant mortality, we focus here on doctor-patient communication and correlations between clinicians' understandings of systemic racism and their communication with Black pregnant patients.Methods: This paper reports the findings from interviews with 5 maternal health clinicians (prior to recruitment being temporarily paused due to COVID-19) practicing at Cuyahoga County hospitals that serve large populations of Black women. Qualitative coding methods based in grounded theory were used to draw out themes from interview transcripts.Results: Doctor-patient communication was an emergent theme in these interviews. Results suggest an association between clinicians' understanding of the impact of systemic racism and their ability to communicate successfully and form positive bonds with pregnant mothers who are at higher risk of infant mortality.Conclusion: Acknowledging systemic racism as the cause of poor social determinants of health, which in turn contribute to higher rates of infant mortality, may provide clinicians a pathway to more positive communication and higher levels of trust with their patients, which in turn may play a role in reducing infant mortality in the Black community. Further research should investigate these associations.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1991

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Final Data

Between 1990 and 1991, provisional data show that the infant mortality rate decreased again, from 9.1 to 8.9, a decline of 2% in contrast to the 7% decline from 1989 to 1990. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate stayed at about the same level as in 1990. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, was less than 2 million, 4% less than the increase in 1990. Detailed analysis of changes and of the influence of factors like age and race requires final data; at the time of preparation of this report final birth and death data were available only through 1989. For a variety of reasons, including staff shortages and delays in receipt of state data by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), final data for 1990, which would usually have been available in late August 1992, are not expected before early 1993. Unlike recent years, the decline in the infant mortality rate was only in the neonatal component, which decreased 3.6%. Postneonatal mortality increased, for the first time in many years, by 1.6%, suggesting that the decline in the total is related more to therapeutic advances in neonatology than to improved prevention. Internationally, newly independent Latvia was added to the list of countries with rates less than 15, but Costa Rica was deleted. With the reunification of Germany the list shrank to 28 and, by default, the United States moved up from 21st to 20th. Some 12.5 million births, less than 9% of the world total, took place in countries with under-5 mortality rates of less than 20 per 1000. At the other end of the scale, 42% of the world's births occurred in countries with under-5 mortality rates of more than 140 per 1000. The median under-5 mortality rate for those countries in 1990 was 189 per 1000, meaning that almost 20% of the infants born alive in these countries died before their fifth birthday.

scholarly journals Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis of Infant Mortality and Preterm Birth in Ohio, 2008-2015: Opportunities to Enhance Spatial Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Dowling Root ◽  
Emelie D. Bailey ◽  
Tyler Gorham ◽  
Christopher Browning ◽  
Chi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Geographic Clustering

Objectives Geovisualization and spatial analysis are valuable tools for exploring and evaluating the complex social, economic, and environmental interactions that lead to spatial inequalities in health. The objective of this study was to describe spatial patterns of infant mortality and preterm birth in Ohio by using interactive mapping and spatial analysis. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Ohio vital statistics records from 2008-2015. We geocoded live births and infant deaths by using residential address at birth. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust spatial and space–time cluster analyses that examined the geographic clustering of infant mortality and preterm birth and changes in spatial distribution over time. Results The overall infant mortality rate in Ohio during the study period was 6.55 per 1000 births; of 1 097 507 births, 10.3% (n = 112 552) were preterm. We found significant geographic clustering of both infant mortality and preterm birth centered on large urban areas. However, when known demographic risk factors were taken into account, urban clusters disappeared and, for preterm birth, new rural clusters appeared. Conclusions Although many public health agencies have the capacity to create maps of health outcomes, complex spatial analysis and geovisualization techniques are still challenging for public health practitioners to use and understand. We found that actively engaging policymakers in reviewing results of the cluster analysis improved understanding of the processes driving spatial patterns of birth outcomes in the state.

scholarly journals THE impact of remittance inflows on poverty in Botswana: an ARDL approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy. T. Musakwa ◽  
N. M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe growing pressure on governments to reduce poverty among other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through harnessing domestic and foreign sources has motivated studies on the relationship between poverty and different economic variables in many developing countries. This study investigates the impact of remittance on poverty in Botswana, employing time-series data from 1980 to 2017. The study employs two poverty proxies—household consumption expenditure and infant mortality rate to capture poverty in its multidimensional form and improve the robustness of the results. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the study finds that remittance inflows reduce poverty in Botswana—both in the short run and in the long run when infant mortality rate is used as a proxy. However, when poverty is measured by household consumption expenditure, remittance was found to have no impact on poverty in the short run and in the long run. The study, therefore, concludes that remittance inflows play a crucial role in reducing poverty and that Botswana can benefit immensely from the surge in remittance inflows by putting in place policies and structures that support remittance inflow.

scholarly journals Ecuadorian infant mortality linked to socioeconomic factors during the last 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Natalia Romero-Sandoval ◽  
Diego Del Alcázar ◽  
Jacob Pastor ◽  
Miguel Martín
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the difference among geographical units and the evolution of infant mortality rate (IMR) based on Ecuadorian censuses (1990-2001-2010). Methods: artificial Neural Network analyzed the impact of sociodemographic factors over the variability of IMR. Poisson regression analyzed the variation of the standardized IMR (sIMR). Results: the decrease in the national IMR was 63.8%; however, 42.8% provinces showed an increase in 2001-2010. The variability was explained mainly by illiteracy decrease. The adjusted RR between provincial sIMR with illiteracy and poverty revealed a trend towards the unit. Conclusions: the variation of IMR reflects a complex interaction of the sociodemographic factors.

Climate, Crops, and Natural Increase in Rural Russia, 1861–1913

Slavic Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kilbourne Matossian
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Population History ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Russian People ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
People Today

A great many available statistics describe the population history of Russia, but explanations for these statistics are limited or nonexistent. The useful studies of fertility and migration that have appeared are primarily accurate reports of what happened. Studies of Russian mortality are wholly lacking, an understandable situation, since as late as 1913 only thirteen out of fifty provinces of European Russia had medical statistical bureaus. Despite all past efforts the history of Russia's health remains obscure.While the health of the Russian people today is comparable to that of other Europeans, before the Revolution of 1917 it was extremely poor. In 1897, the year of the first national Russian census, the infant mortality rate for European Russia was 260 for each 1,000 births, compared to 222 for Germany, 164 for France, 156 for Italy, 156 for England and Wales, and 109 for Ireland.

scholarly journals Microcephaly infant mortality in Brazil before zika outbreak.

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Lavinia Schuler-Faccini ◽  
José Edgardo Dipierri ◽  
Valeria Fernanda Chapur ◽  
Rubén Adrián Bronberg
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The North ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Spatial Scan ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Municipal Level

Introduction We present temporal and spatial variation of deaths from microcephaly in children under 1 year of age is analyzed at regional, state, and municipal level in the pre-Zika period in Brazil. Materials and Methods Data on births and deaths of infants with microcephaly was obtained from DATASUS from 1996 to 2013. Infant mortality rate from microcephaly (IMR-M) was estimated at Region, Federative Unit (UF), and Municipality level. Secular trend (ST) and risk of death variation were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Satscan software was used to obtain a statistic spatial scan for the Poisson model. Results IMR-M shows a non-significant negative ST in the Southeast, South and Central West Regions of Brazil. A greater IMR-M risk of death variation is found in the North and Northeast Regions. Most UFs in the Southeast, South and Central West Regions showed a negative ST, in contrast to what occurs in the UFs of the North and Northeast Regions showed a positive ST. Six high risk significant clusters were found: 3 in the North-Northeast and 3 in the South-SouthWest-Center-West. Conclusions The North and Northeast Regions showed positive ST for IRM-M and higher death risk, which was not observed in the other regions. Cluster distribution for higher IMR-M and risk resembles the distribution of the microcephaly and Zika cases in the outbreak period.

scholarly journals Remittance Inflows and Poverty Dynamics in South Africa: An Empirical Investigation

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402098331
Author(s):  
Mercy. T. Musakwa ◽  
N. M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we investigate the impact of remittance inflows on poverty reduction in South Africa, using time series data from 1980 to 2017. The main objective of this study is to establish whether South Africa can harness remittance inflows to alleviate poverty. Two poverty proxies, namely household consumption expenditure and infant mortality rate, are used in this study. To ensure robustness of the results, both income and non-income proxies of poverty are employed. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds approach, the study found that remittance has a negative impact on poverty in the short run and in the long run when household consumption expenditure is used as a proxy for poverty. However, when the infant mortality rate is used as a proxy, remittance is found to have no impact on poverty. It can be concluded that the impact of remittance on poverty is sensitive to the proxy used. The study concludes that South Africa could benefit immensely from some forms of remittances in its quest to poverty alleviation.

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