scholarly journals URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. RAMACHANDRA ◽  
H. A. BHARATH ◽  
M. V. SOWMYASHREE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Footprint

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

scholarly journals URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. RAMACHANDRA ◽  
H. A. BHARATH ◽  
M. V. SOWMYASHREE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Footprint

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl Assessment and Its Effect on Land Use Transformation in Varanasi City using Remote Sensing and GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1056-1061
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use Transformation ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Almost All

This paper seeks to examine the effect of urbanization on changes in land use in the peri-urban areas of Varanasi city in India. The area of study is divided into six different classes of land use: built-up area, agriculture, vegetation, water bodies, sand and other land use. Using the maximum likelihood technique, Landsat 5 TM satellite data were used to identify land use and land cover changes from 1996 to 2017. The findings indicate a substantial increase in the built-up area, associated with reduced water and other land use cover. The urban sprawl is observed in almost all directions from the city boundaries, and along highways. Shannon’s entropy analysis reveals dispersed distribution of built-up area. The approach based on GIS and remote sensing data, together with statistical analysis, has proved instrumental in the analysis of urban expansion. It also helps to identify priority areas that require adequate planning for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Análise da taxa de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração nas sub-bacias da área urbana de Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
G. B. M. Rezende ◽  
S. M. S. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Time Of Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Solutions

<p>A presente pesquisa objetivou verificar as taxas de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração das sub-bacias presentes na área urbana de Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO. Tais variáveis podem auxiliar no ordenamento territorial da expansão urbana, bem como no planejamento urbano dessas cidades. Os resultados demonstraram que nas áreas já urbanizadas, o grau de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração das sub-bacias apresentaram  níveis considerados “médios e altos”, o que é preocupante, devido a relação dessas variáreis ao crescimento das vazões e volume escoado, e, consequentemente, aumento da frequência de inundações. Medidas não-estruturais, como legislação de uso do solo, com regras e incentivo para aumento de áreas permeáveis em lotes, bem como implantação de soluções alternativas de drenagem urbana que promovam o retardamento das águas pluviais, são soluções que podem ser implementadas na área em estudo.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Analysis of the waterproofing rate and time of concentration in urban sub-basins of Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>This study aimed to verify the waterproofing rates and time of concentration of these sub-basins present in the urban area of Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO. Such variables can assist in land use of urban expansion and the urban planning of these cities. The results demonstrated that in urban areas already, the degree of waterproofing and time of concentration of the sub-basins presented levels considered "medium and high", which is worrying, because the relationship of these variables to the growth of flows and runoff, and, consequently, increased frequency of floods. Non-structural measures such as land use legislation, with rules and incentive to increase permeable areas on lots, and implementation of alternative solutions to urban drainage that promote the slowing of rainwater, are solutions that can be implemented in the study area.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of a Great Plains Urban Environment on a Simulated Supercell

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 1437-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa J. Reames ◽  
David J. Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
The City

Abstract The effect of urban areas on weakly forced precipitation systems has been studied extensively. However, interactions between urban areas and strongly forced convection, such as supercells, remain relatively unexamined. The present study uses simulations of a supercell to quantify the impacts of a large plains urban area on the evolution and strength of a supercell. An initial ensemble of simulations (CTRLE) of a supercell over homogeneous land use is performed using the WRF-ARW Model. Additionally, 108 simulations are conducted in which the land-use pattern of Dallas–Ft. Worth, Texas, is placed inside the model domain, with the city center shifted to be in or near the path of the supercell. Simulations with urban areas are compared to CTRLE, with the aid of hierarchical clustering analysis to form statistically similar groups of simulations. Clustering analyses identify groups of ensemble members with closely located urban areas that have similar patterns of 0–1-km updraft helicity and near-surface minimum temperature and maximum wind speeds. Comparison of these groups of ensemble members to CTRLE suggests the urban area has a significant impact on storm characteristics, particularly on low-level rotation and mesocyclone track. Simulations where the storm passes to the north of or directly over the city center late in its life cycle deviate most significantly from CTRLE. In these members, low-and midlevel mesocyclone strength increases, and the mesocyclone tracks farther south when compared to CTRLE.

scholarly journals The Role of Customary Land Ownership in Land-Use Conversion in the Peri-urban of Bukittinggi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555
Author(s):  
Ira Safitri Darwin ◽  
Haryo Winarso ◽  
Denny Zulkaidi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Formal Expansion ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Abstract Taluak is located in the peri-urban area of the city of Bukittinggi, in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bukittinggi is rapidly expanding into this peri-urban area. Due to a lack of sound land-use regulations, the growing population and increasing development are encroaching into the peri-urban area. In 1999, the administrative area of Bukittinggi was formally expanded to include some of the surrounding land that had previously been part of Agam Regency. However, although the physical development of the city has encroached into parts of Agam Regency, including Taluak, the communities of the village refused to be administratively included in Bukittinggi. One of their reasons for this refusal is a belief that such urbanization will harm the culture and traditions of the village. This article aims to explain how the communities of Taluak have resisted the formal expansion of Bukittinggi to include them in order to maintain their culture and traditions of land management and to estimate how long such resistance can survive. The article also explains how the process of land conversion in Taluak is carried out, particularly the conversion from rural use into urban use, which creates rurban (rural-urban) areas.

scholarly journals Spatial Monitoring of Urban Expansion Using Satellite Remote Sensing Images: A Case Study of Amman City, Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Al-Bilbisi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Landsat Satellite

Amman, the capital city of Jordan, faces urbanization challenges and lacks reliable data for urban planning. This study is aimed at assessing, monitoring, and mapping urban land cover using multitemporal Landsat satellite images. Four different land use/cover maps were produced; periods of over ten years between 1987 and 2017 (i.e., in 1987, 1997, 2007, and 2017) were used to evaluate and analyze urban expansion visually and quantitatively. Supervised classification technique followed by the post classification comparison change detection approach was used to analyze images. Over the past three decades, the urban area has increased rapidly in Amman. It increased by 90.78 km2, from 149.08 km2 in 1987 to 237.86 km2 in 2017, with an average annual rate of increase of 2.03%. Urban area increases were significantly higher in the first 10 years of the study period (i.e., from 1987 to 1997), during which the average annual rate of increase reached 3.33%, while it was 2.04% for the last two decades of the study period (i.e., from 1997 to 2017). Urban growth in Amman generally occurred along transport routes away from the core of Amman, and as a result, this growth led to the expansion of urban areas into other types of land use/cover classes, particularly vegetation areas. The spatial analysis of urban expansion and trends of urban growth in Amman could provide the required input data for the urban modeling of the city.

scholarly journals A Nonlinear Land Use Regression Approach for Modelling NO2 Concentrations in Urban Areas—Using Data from Low-Cost Sensors and Diffusion Tubes

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Daniel Coca ◽  
Lyudmila S Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Diffusion Tubes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
And Diffusion

Land Use Regression (LUR) based on multiple linear regression model is one of the techniques used most frequently for modelling the spatial variability of air pollution and assessing exposure in urban areas. In this paper, a nonlinear generalised additive model is proposed for LUR and its performance is compared to a linear model in Sheffield, UK for the year 2019. Pollution models were estimated using NO2 measurements obtained from 188 diffusion tubes and 40 low-cost sensors. Performance of the models was assessed by calculating several statistical metrics including correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE). High resolution (100 m × 100 m) maps demonstrated higher levels of NO2 in the city centre, eastern side of the city and on major roads. The results showed that the nonlinear model outperformed the linear counterpart and that the model estimated using NO2 data from diffusion tubes outperformed the models using data from low-cost sensors or both low-cost sensors and diffusion tubes. The proposed method provides a basis for further application of advanced nonlinear modelling approaches to constructing LUR models in urban areas which enable quantifying small scale variability in pollution levels.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Urban Areas Using Remote Sensing Images and GIS Analysis: The Case Study of Opole, Poland

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Barbara Wiatkowska ◽  
Janusz Słodczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Stokowska
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Management Procedures

Urban expansion is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, often involving adverse changes in land use and land cover (LULC). This paper uses satellite imagery from Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-8 OLI, Sentinel-2 MSI, and GIS technology to analyse LULC changes in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The research was carried out in Opole, the capital of the Opole Agglomeration (south-western Poland). Maps produced from supervised spectral classification of remote sensing data revealed that in 20 years, built-up areas have increased about 40%, mainly at the expense of agricultural land. Detection of changes in the spatial pattern of LULC showed that the highest average rate of increase in built-up areas occurred in the zone 3–6 km (11.7%) and above 6 km (10.4%) from the centre of Opole. The analysis of the increase of built-up land in relation to the decreasing population (SDG 11.3.1) has confirmed the ongoing process of demographic suburbanisation. The paper shows that satellite imagery and GIS can be a valuable tool for local authorities and planners to monitor the scale of urbanisation processes for the purpose of adapting space management procedures to the changing environment.

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial Variability of NO2 in Urban Areas Using Spatial Modelling and Data Fusion Approaches

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Daniel Coca
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The City

Small-scale spatial variability in NO2 concentrations is analysed with the help of pollution maps. Maps of NO2 estimated by the Airviro dispersion model and land use regression (LUR) model are fused with measured NO2 concentrations from low-cost sensors (LCS), reference sensors and diffusion tubes. In this study, geostatistical universal kriging was employed for fusing (integrating) model estimations with measured NO2 concentrations. The results showed that the data fusion approach was capable of estimating realistic NO2 concentration maps that inherited spatial patterns of the pollutant from the model estimations and adjusted the modelled values using the measured concentrations. Maps produced by the fusion of NO2-LCS with NO2-LUR produced better results, with r-value 0.96 and RMSE 9.09. Data fusion adds value to both measured and estimated concentrations: the measured data are improved by predicting spatiotemporal gaps, whereas the modelled data are improved by constraining them with observed data. Hotspots of NO2 were shown in the city centre, eastern parts of the city towards the motorway (M1) and on some major roads. Air quality standards were exceeded at several locations in Sheffield, where annual mean NO2 levels were higher than 40 µg/m3. Road traffic was considered to be the dominant emission source of NO2 in Sheffield.

Historical and Future Land-Cover Change in a Municipality of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel M. Attua ◽  
Joshua B. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Land Administration

Abstract Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most developing nations. In Africa and in the New Juaben municipality of Ghana in particular, political stability and active socioeconomic progress has pushed the urban frontier into the countryside at the expense of the natural ecosystems at ever-increasing rates. Using Landsat satellite imagery from 1985 to 2003, the study found that the urban core expanded by 10% and the peri-urban areas expanded by 25% over the period. Projecting forward to 2015, it is expected that urban infrastructure will constitute 70% of the total land area in the municipality. Giving way to urban expansion were losses in open woodlands (19%), tree fallow (9%), croplands (4%), and grass fallow (3%), with further declines expected for 2015. Major drivers of land-cover changes are attributed to demographic changes and past microeconomic policies, particularly the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP); the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP); and, more recently, the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS). Pluralistic land administration, complications in the land tenure systems, institutional inefficiencies, and lack of capacity in land administration were also key drivers of land-cover changes in the New Juaben municipality. Policy recommendations are presented to address the associated challenges.

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