scholarly journals Новите мерки за превенция на изпирането на пари

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Periodic Changes

New Measures for the Prevention of Money Laundering Money laundering poses serious threats to international and national security. The past three decades have been marked by intense efforts to combat the crime. Prevention measures that engage a wide range of reporting entities have become increasingly important in this re-spect. The need for more effective prevention of money laundering has led to periodic changes in the regulatory framework. The article focuses on the latest measures for money laundering prevention that were introduced with the adoption of two new directives by the European Parliament and the Council of Europe in 2015 and 2018 respectively, as well as an entirely new legal framework introduced in Bulgaria in 2018 and its follow-up amendments at the end of 2019. The article analyzes various aspects of the crime and the evolution of the counteracting approaches, highlighting major elements of the most recent measures for the prevention of money laundering on a European level and a national level.

Prevention of measles spread on a paediatric ward

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TAPISIZ ◽  
M. POLAT ◽  
S. S. KARA ◽  
H. TEZER ◽  
H. SIMSEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

SUMMARYSince measles is a highly contagious respiratory infection with significant airborne transmission risk in hospitals, effective prevention measures are crucial. After a mother accompanying her child on a paediatric ward lacking a negative pressure room was diagnosed with measles, exposed persons without evidence of immunity (documentary evidence of receiving two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine) were treated with vaccination or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The interruption of transmission with these treatments was evaluated. There were 44 children and 101 adults exposed to the index patient. Twenty-five children and 88 adults were considered immune, providing evidence of immunity. Nineteen children and 13 adults were either given vaccination or IVIG for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). There were no additional cases of measles after 3 weeks follow-up. We conclude that measles is highly preventable by adequate PEP with vaccination or IVIG in a healthcare setting that lacks the benefit of a negative pressure room.

scholarly journals Social Enterprises and Eu Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohinc Rado
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Eu

Social enterprises are very diverse across Europe. There is a wide range of different legislative approaches and different organisational and legal forms on the national level. In some countries, existing legal forms such as associations, foundations, cooperatives and share companies are used as social enterprises. In other countries, new legal forms are designed for social enterprises by adapting existing legal forms (companies, cooperatives), e.g. social cooperatives in Italy, cooperative collective interest companies in France, community interest companies in the UK.The reason for the variety of approaches how to implement the idea of social enterprise, is in the lack of uniform binding rules on the level of the EU. Here, we present our views on the legal framework needed to implement the concept of social entrepreneurship in the EU in a more efficient and effective manner.First, we present a range of definition of social entrepreneurship and enterprises, many of them not consistent and/or sufficiently elaborated. Further, some historical roots are presented on social and self-managed economy, and the concept of social enterprise is elaborated from the point of view of its eligibility. Comparative analysis aims to prove critical diversity of approaches across the EU that leads to stagnating in place and lagging behind.

scholarly journals Régimen jurídico de los drones: el nuevo Reglamento (UE) 2018/1139 = Drones legal framework: the new Regulation (UE) 2018/1139

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
María José Castellanos Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Wide Range

Resumen: Los drones son una realidad en los cielos de muchos países. Existen muchas diferencias entre los distintos tipos de drones, no sólo en cuanto a si dicha aeronave es autónoma o pilotada por control remoto; sino en cuanto a otros aspectos como su tamaño, o el uso que se le vaya a dar al dron, que bien puede destinarse a operaciones especializadas (trabajos técnicos, científicos o aéreos), a uso recreativo, o en el futuro, incluso al transporte.La regulación existente de los Estados miembros en materia de drones se circunscribía al ámbito nacional y en relación con determinados tipos de drones. En España, al igual que en los países de nuestro entorno se había desarrollado una regulación limitada a algunos tipos de drones, concretamente los que tie­nen una masa máxima en el despegue inferior a 150 kg. También la FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) en Estados Unidos desarrolló su propia normativa sobre drones, que posteriormente ha ido modificando.Sin embargo, dada la fragmentación legal en esta materia, se desarrolló por parte de la Unión Eu­ropea, concretamente por la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Aérea o EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency), un marco regulatorio para el desarrollo de un mercado único europeo y favorecer así las ope­raciones transfronterizas de drones.Finalmente, el nuevo Reglamento (UE) 2018/1139 ha venido a establecer una regulación europea que es de aplicación a todos los drones, de manera que las legislaciones internas de los Estados miem­bros quedarían desplazadas por instrumento internacional. Por tanto, su objetivo es abarcar las aerona­ves no tripuladas, puesto que las aeronaves no tripuladas también operan dentro del espacio aéreo junto con las aeronaves tripuladas. Como las tecnologías de las aeronaves no tripuladas actualmente hacen posible una amplia gama de operaciones, éstas deben ser objeto de normas que sean proporcionales al riesgo de la operación o del tipo de operación en concreto, porque su regulación no se puede hacer de­pender únicamente del peso de la aeronave.Palabras clave: aeronaves, drones, aeronaves no tripuladas, aeronaves pilotadas por control remo­to, aeronaves autónomas, RPAS, UAS, UAV, regulación, transporte aéreo, espacio aéreo, aviación civil, FAA, EASA, incidentes, accidentes.Abstract: Drones are a reality in the skies of many countries. There are many differences between the different types of drones, not only as to whether the aircraft is autonomous or piloted by remote control; but in other aspects such as its size, or the use to be given to the drone, which may well be used for specialized operations (technical, scientific or aerial), for recreational use, or in the future, for transportation.The existing regulation of the Member States on drone matters was confined to the national level and in relation to certain types of drones. In Spain, as others Member States, a regulation limited to some types of drones had been developed, which have a maximum take-off mass below than 150 kg. Also the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) in the United States developed its own regulation on drones, which has subsequently been modified.However, given the legal fragmentation in this area, it was developed by the European Union, specifically by the European Aviation Safety Agency or EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency), a regulatory framework for the development of a European single market and promote thus cross-border drone operations.Finally, the new Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 has come to establish a European regulation that is applicable to all drones, so that the internal legislations of the Member States would be displaced by that international instrument. Therefore, its objective is to cover unmanned aircraft, since unmanned aircraft also operate within the airspace together with manned aircraft. As the technologies of unmanned aircraft currently make possible a wide range of operations, they must be subject to standards that are propor­tional to the risk of the operation or the type of operation in particular, because its regulation can not be made to depend solely on the weight of the aircraft.Keywords: aircrafts, drones, unmanned aircrafts, remotely piloted aircrafts, autonomous aircrafts, RPAS, UAS, UAV, regulation, air transport, airspace, civil aviation, FAA, EASA, incidents, accidents.

scholarly journals New Psychoactive Substances: Evolution in the Exchange of Information and Innovative Legal Responses in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8704
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Varì ◽  
Giulio Mannocchi ◽  
Roberta Tittarelli ◽  
Laura Leondina Campanozzi ◽  
Giulio Nittari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
National Level ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Wide Range

At the end of 2019, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction was monitoring around 790 new psychoactive substances, more than twice the total number of controlled substances under the United Nations Conventions. These substances, which are not subject to international drug controls, include a wide range of molecules, including the assortment of drugs such as synthetic cannabinoids, stimulants, opiates, and benzodiazepines. Most of them are sold as “legal” substitutes for illicit drugs, while others are intended for small groups willing to experiment with them in order to know their possible new effects. At the national level, various measures have been taken to control new substances and many European countries have responded with specific legislation in favor of consumer safety and by extending or adapting existing drug laws to incorporate the new psychoactive substances. Moreover, since 1997, an early warning system has been created in Europe for identifying and responding quickly to the risks of new psychoactive substances. In order to establish a quicker and more effective system to address the criminal activities associated with new dangerous psychoactive substances, the European legal framework has considerably changed over the years.

Poisoning Prevention Knowledge and Practices of Parents After a Childhood Poisoning Incident

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
Alan D. Woolf ◽  
Arlyne Saperstein ◽  
Samuel Forjuoh
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
Poisoning Prevention

This study investigated the effectiveness of a poison center-initiated mailed intervention on improving the preventive practices of families whose preschool child had recently experienced a poisoning incident. A low-cost, mailed poisoning prevention packet consisting of telephone stickers, a $1 coupon for syrup of ipecac, one slide-style cabinet lock, a nine-step checklist for "poison-proofing" the home, pamphlets, and a cover letter was tested prospectively on a population of parents calling a poison center for advice about possible poisoning exposures involving their preschool children. Parents without ipecac 1 week after the incident were randomized so that half received the mailed intervention. A "blind" follow-up telephone interview was conducted 3 months later. Of the 336 original families enrolled in the study, 301 (90% retention) completed the follow-up interview. Those who had received the intervention were more likely to have a telephone sticker than control families (78% vs 39%; P < .0001) and were more likely to be using at least one slide lock in the home (59% vs 40%; P < .001). However, intervention families were no more likely to have ipecac on hand than control families (57% vs 52%; P = not significant) and did not indicate a higher rate of compliance with suggested changes in other behaviors and practices to prevent poisonings. A poisoning recurrence rate of 3.7% was seen in the total sample during the 3-month period of surveillance; there was no difference between groups in recurrence rate. Even after a poisoning event, parents may not be sufficiently motivated to take poisoning prevention measures on their own. Poison centers can serve as lead agencies in developing effective prevention technologies for reaching out to large numbers of high-risk families. One such technology is a mailed intervention, which can be effective if it removes barriers to compliance with poisoning prevention advice.

4 The Arbitral Proceedings

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieder Markus S ◽  
Kreindler Richard
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
German Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arbitral Proceedings

This chapter addresses the legal framework applicable to proceedings before arbitral tribunals seated in Germany. On this basis, it first discusses the typical structure and frequent steps of arbitral proceedings. Regarding the initiation of arbitral proceedings, German law follows a three-step model consisting of: request for arbitration, constitution of the arbitral tribunal and initial pleadings by claimant (statement of claim) and respondent (statement of defence). German ad-hoc proceedings usually contain few mandatory formalities for the request for arbitration. Pursuant to the ZPO, its minimum contents are designation of the parties, designation of the subject matter of the dispute, and reference to the applicable arbitration agreement. The chapter concludes by examining a wide range of special situations, highlighting the steps taken by the German Institute of Arbitration (DIS) during events such as multi-party arbitration, as well as issues of fraud, money laundering, and corruption.

scholarly journals Unintentional drowning mortality in China, 2006–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Xunjie Cheng ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Peixia Cheng ◽  
Yunning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BackgroundEpidemiological characteristics and recent trends in unintentional drowning at the national level in China are unreported.MethodsUsing data from the Disease Surveillance Points system, the overall, sex-, location-, age- and cause-specific age-standardised mortality from unintentional drowning in China were calculated and compared. Linear regression was used to examine the significance of mortality trend changes over time.ResultsThe average mortality was 4.05 per 100 000 persons between 2006 and 2013. Men and rural residents had much higher drowning mortality rates than women and urban residents at all time points. Drowning following a fall into natural water was the most common mechanism (46% of all drowning deaths). The overall drowning mortality rate remained stable for all subgroups except for distinct decreases in urban residents, children aged 5–9 years, and other specified and unspecified drowning (−10%, −36% and −25%, respectively).ConclusionsThe overall drowning mortality rate remained high and stable in China between 2006 and 2013. Effective prevention measures like removing or covering water hazards, wearing personal floatation devices, supervision of children, and teaching survival swimming and resuscitation skills should be implemented nationwide.

scholarly journals Determination of the content of natural radionuclides in rock materials used in the buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Serafimova ◽  
Vilma Petkova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
National Level ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Rock Materials ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used

The negative impact of natural inorganic building materials on people during their life cycle can be potentially significant, in case of presence of radionuclides, due to the very long period of negative radioactive impact. International experience shows that effective prevention of public health and reduction of exposure involves a wide range of actions, which has been achieved through the development and preparation of a strategy at the national level. The content of natural radionuclides in rock materials for construction purposes, taken from different buildings in Southern Bulgaria, has been determined. The obtained data are in norms under the Bulgarian legislation, but for some samples with values close to the maximum permissible concentrations.

How effective are the current global standards in combating money laundering and terrorist financing?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisira Dharmasri Jayasekara
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Terrorist Financing ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness Index ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of global anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) standards on combating money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF) efforts. This study will assess the impact of AML/CFT legal framework as well as the effective implementation of the framework on combating crimes. Design/methodology/approach The author develops an AML/CFT effectiveness index using the results of 11 immediate outcomes in mutual evaluation reports to measure the overall effectiveness of regimes in combating ML/TF. In addition to this index, the AML/CFT compliance index is used to measure the strength of the AML/CFT legal framework of countries. A model was developed and tested to measure the impact of the AML/CFT legal framework and its effective implementation on corruption, bribery, terrorism and crimes. Findings The results suggest that the effective implementation of the AML/CFT legal framework is important to combat ML/TF. The existence of a sound AML/CFT legal framework alone will not be sufficient to combat ML/TF. Therefore, countries are required to implement their legal framework effectively to achieve the AML/CFT goals of the country as well as the global policymaker. The empirical results show a significant relationship between the AML/CFT effectiveness index with the proxies the author used to capture corruption, bribes and crimes. Considering the wide range of implications of the crimes, which are related to ML/TF, this study suggests the global policymakers to further strengthen the monitoring mechanism of AML/CFT deficient countries to protect the global financial systems from criminals. Practical implications There is a dearth of studies on the impact of the effectiveness of the AML/CFT regime on combating ML/TF. Therefore, this study will lay the foundation for future studies on measuring the effectiveness of an AML/CFT regime. More appropriate measures will be developed in the future based on this foundation. Originality/value This paper is an original work done by the author, which discusses the impact of Financial Action Task Force standards on combating ML/TF. The AML/CFT effectiveness index is the original idea of the author, which can be used as a quantitative measure to capture the effectiveness of the AML/CFT regimes in future studies.

Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Rehbein ◽  
Dirk Baier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
School Life ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Game Addiction

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.

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