scholarly journals Determination of the content of natural radionuclides in rock materials used in the buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Serafimova ◽  
Vilma Petkova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
National Level ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Rock Materials ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used

The negative impact of natural inorganic building materials on people during their life cycle can be potentially significant, in case of presence of radionuclides, due to the very long period of negative radioactive impact. International experience shows that effective prevention of public health and reduction of exposure involves a wide range of actions, which has been achieved through the development and preparation of a strategy at the national level. The content of natural radionuclides in rock materials for construction purposes, taken from different buildings in Southern Bulgaria, has been determined. The obtained data are in norms under the Bulgarian legislation, but for some samples with values close to the maximum permissible concentrations.

Determination of natural radioactivity in building materials used in the Karachi area by γ-ray spectrometry and INAA

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshed H. Zaidi ◽  
M. Arif ◽  
I. Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Materials Used

SummarySamples of sand, stone and manufactured building materials collected from Karachi area have been analyzed for the primordial natural radionuclides

scholarly journals Determination of Activity Concentration of Natural Radionuclides and Radiation Hazards’ Assessment of Building Materials in High Background Radiation Areas of Homa and Ruri, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Willis Otieno Gor Odongo ◽  
Margaret Chege ◽  
Nadir Hashim ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Kranrod Chutima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
High Background ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One

The areas around Homa and Ruri hills in Homa Bay County in Kenya are associated with high background radiation levels. The activity concentration of the natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in earthen building materials used in the areas of Homa and Ruri hills has been measured using a NaI (Tl) detector in this work. The measured values of radioactivity concentrations are used to estimate the associated radiological risk. The earthen building material samples from Ruri registered relatively high 232Th concentration values averaging 1094 ± 55 Bq/kg, nearly three times those of the samples from Homa. 226Ra level was not significantly different in both regions with Homa reporting 129 ± 10 Bq/kg and Ruri 111 ± 6 Bq/kg. 40K was however higher in the samples from Homa by an approximate factor of 2 relative to those from Ruri where the activity concentration was 489 ± 24 Bq/kg. The radium equivalents for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the samples from Ruri were 111 ± 9, 1564 ± 125, and 38 ± 3 Bq/kg, while in Homa, the values were 129 ± 10, 570 ± 46, and 69 ± 5 Bq/kg, respectively. The calculated value of total radium equivalent in Ruri was 1713 ± 137 Bq/kg which was two times higher than that of Homa. 232Th contributed about 74% and 91% to the total radium equivalent in Homa and Ruri, respectively; thus, it was the one with the largest contribution to radiation exposure in both regions. The average indoor annual effective dose rates were 1.74 ± 0.14 and 3.78 ± 0.30 mSv/y in Homa and Ruri, respectively, both of which were above the recommended safety limit of 1 mSv/y.

scholarly journals Protection as a Mean to Increase the Sustainability of Wood Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin CORDUBAN ◽  
Giovanna BOCHICCHIO ◽  
Andrea POLASTRI ◽  
Ario CECCOTTI
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Materials Used

Timber has been rediscovered as the building material of choice in recent years, especially in industrialised countries, with the shift of focus on attitudes towards sustainability that include use of natural resources and reduction of CO 2 emissions in manufacturing building materials. The environmental qualities of wood (energy-efficiency, healphy building material, ability to be recycled) are matched by few materials used in constructions nowadays, makeing it suitable for a wide range of applications. The combustibility of wood is limiting its use in construction, an important weakness in terms of sustainability, as health and cost issues constitute essential conditions in sustainability assessment methods. Arguably, fire safety constitutes the foremost precondition in choosing wood as the building material. In the case of fire, wood burns on the surface, releases energy and contributes to the fire propagation and spread of smoke. In order to insure greater safety for timber constructions, both passive and active measures of fire protection can be implemented, with the main objectives of improving the security of occupants, limitations of financial loss, protection of the environment in the case of fire. Despite the fear of using wood, the material has a better behavior in terms of fire than assumed, and even with structures more susceptible at fire risks, such as platform framing, measures can be taken in order to improve safety, as further explained in the article. The article analyses the concept of sustainability and the extent to which timber constructions observe these criteria, focusing on the means of increasing safety by fire protection methods with respect to the environment.

Infrared thermographic measurement of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-546
Author(s):  
Petr Alexa ◽  
Jaroslav Solař ◽  
Filip Čmiel ◽  
Pavel Valíček ◽  
Miroslava Kadulová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
External Source ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Thermographic Measurement ◽  
Complicated Task ◽  
High Emissivity

Determination of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials is a complicated task due to the relatively wide range of emissivity values and the reflection of infrared radiation from surrounding objects. As a consequence, standard methods used in infrared thermography are not applicable. In this article, an alternative method is proposed for the measurement of the surface temperature and emissivity of glossy materials used in the external structures of buildings that is based on an external source of thermal radiation. It is shown that the method gives quite accurate values of emissivity of both low- and high-emissivity glossy materials, whereas the surface temperature of low-emissivity glossy materials is less accurate and strongly depends on the accuracy of the used thermal camera.

scholarly journals Новите мерки за превенция на изпирането на пари

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Periodic Changes

New Measures for the Prevention of Money Laundering Money laundering poses serious threats to international and national security. The past three decades have been marked by intense efforts to combat the crime. Prevention measures that engage a wide range of reporting entities have become increasingly important in this re-spect. The need for more effective prevention of money laundering has led to periodic changes in the regulatory framework. The article focuses on the latest measures for money laundering prevention that were introduced with the adoption of two new directives by the European Parliament and the Council of Europe in 2015 and 2018 respectively, as well as an entirely new legal framework introduced in Bulgaria in 2018 and its follow-up amendments at the end of 2019. The article analyzes various aspects of the crime and the evolution of the counteracting approaches, highlighting major elements of the most recent measures for the prevention of money laundering on a European level and a national level.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Sinanović ◽  
Feriz Adrović ◽  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Amela Kasić
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Materials Used

Man is continuously exposed to ionizing radiation because of the presence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the environment. Various technological processes of processing and using of materials that contain natural radionuclides generate materials of enhanced natural radioactivity (TENORM). The largest contribution to irradiance with natural sources of ionizing radiation is the exposure of the population to indoor radon. This gas originates from the radioactive decay of 226Ra and 224Ra that are present in the soil under houses and building materials. Depending on the type of building materials, indoor exposure to radon at dwellings and workplaces can be over a thousand times greater than in outdoor space. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, no valid and comprehensive radiological studies on the building materials have been performed that would guarantee for their dosimetric safety use for installation in residential and industrial buildings, highways, as well as their application for other purposes. The quantification of the radon levels that comes from building materials is a necessary and very important part of the global protection of the population from ionizing radiation. This paper presents the first results of a study on the radon activity concentrations in building materials used in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Measurements were performedwith a professional Alpha GUARD system. The mean values of the activity concentration of the exhaled radon of investigated building materials varied from 10 Bqm-3 to 101 Bqm-3, radon exhalation rate values ranged from 77.0 mBqm-2h-1 to 777.7 mBqm-2h-1. Gamma dose rate was in the range 57–112 nSv h−1.

The Development of Building Materials Recommendation System Based on Collaborative Filtering

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Fang Kuang ◽  
Chun Lin Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
User Interest ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Target User ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used

The building materials used in building materials collectively referred to as building materials. New building materials, including a wide range of insulation materials, insulation materials, high strength materials, breathing material belong to the new material. Collaborative filtering process is based on known user evaluation to predict the target user interest in the target, and then recommended to the target user. This paper proposes the development of building materials recommendation system based on Collaborative filtering. Experimental data sets prove that the proposed algorithm is effective and reasonable.

scholarly journals Information system for the content of natural and man-made radionuclides in building materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 11022
Author(s):  
Daria Buzina ◽  
Igor Engovatov
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Impact

Natural radionuclides include the 238U and 232Th radioactive families with daughter decay products and 40K potassium. In addition to these, the raw materials may contain man-made radioactive nuclides formed due to accidents at the nuclear facilities and its uncontrolled release into the environment (for example, 137Cs). Reducing the impact of radiation exposure on humans and the environment is an urgent task, both in Russia and abroad, given the rapid quantitative growth of the range, manufacturers, suppliers and consumers of building materials associated with the general trend of urbanization. Currently, there is a large number of studies on the natural and man-made radioactivity of building materials. As a rule, they present disparate and local scientific results, which complicates their accessibility to a wide range of interested parties manufacturers and consumers of construction products. Therefore, it is necessary that information on the radiation and environmental cleanliness of various materials and products was easily accessible to all comers. An information system on the natural and man-made radioactivity of building materials and products should become a tool for solving this problem. The work outlines the principles of creation and practical implementation, structure and content, goals, objectives of the field of destination and application of the information system for natural and man-made radioactivity of building materials and products.

Natural Radionuclides in the Building Materials used in Manisa City, Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Erees ◽  
S. A. Dayanıklı ◽  
S. Çam
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Materials Used

scholarly journals Social Determinants of Crime and Hatred Incidents at Mass Sports Events in Poland

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-231
Author(s):  
Waldemar Jarczewski ◽  
Piotr Bogdalski
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Informal Groups ◽  
Mass Events

Crime and hatred have been a permanent part of mass events organized in Poland. The situation is the most difficult in the case of football matches, especially at the national level. Despite legal changes and many measures adopted by sports clubs, the police and other institutions, not only has the situation not changed but there are symptoms of its deterioration. It is extremely worrying that these informal groups form structures that operate following the principles characteristic of organized crime. The subject of study in this article are the phenomena of crime and hatred occurring at mass events organized in Poland; its purpose is to identify the causes and present conclusions regarding necessary actions, based on an analysis of statistics and reports. Methods characteristic of theoretical studies have been employed developing this study, as well as the results of surveys conducted in 2014. The basic research problems involve finding answers to the following questions: –  Did the determination of police in ensuring the safety of the EURO 2012 final tournament calm the mood and improve security of mass events? –  What is the current scale of crime, hooligan acts and collective violations of security and public order in relation to mass events organized in Poland today? –  Are the solutions in this area systemic, durable and consistent?The hypothesis was that, although public security authorities have been implementing a wide range of measures, crime and deep-rooted hatred towards enemy clubs and ideological opponents continue to be a hallmark of football fan circles and thus of some mass events organized in Poland. The inconsistent continuation of good practices adopted in the past, perceiving the problem only in terms of isolated incidents, and the lack of statistics that would help to prepare precise scientific analyses, all require moderation in predicting positive changes in this narrow area of public security.

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