scholarly journals Biological Control of Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina) Tassi) Goid on Cowpea and Mung Bean by Some Isolates of Streptomyces spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Jaber ◽  
Mohammed A. Fayyadh
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fungus Infection ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Gram Staining

Thirty-nine isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated from different sources such as rhizosphere and plant roots of Alfalfa, Clovers, cowpea, Mung bean, sorghum and date palms. Biochemical tests showed that all isolates were gram positive and capable of producing amylase, catalase and gelatinase enzymes. The isolates showed a positive test for gram staining. The isolates were capable of producing the enzymes of amylase, catalase and gelatinase. Dual culture technique showed that Streptomyces griseorubens, S. tendae 6, S. tendae2, S. tendae 5, S. parvulus and S. tendae 6 had high antagonistic activity against Macrophomina phaseolina as a zone of inhibition reached 15, 14, 13, 15, 14 and 12mm, respectively. Molecular identification revealed that actinomycetes isolate No 15, 23, 24 and 30 isolated from rhizosphere of Clovers, Sorghum, Alfalfa, Mung bean had 99% similarity with S. tendae while Actinomycetes No 38 isolated from rhizosphere of Cowpea had 99% similarity with S. grseorubens .and isolate No 27 isolated from date palms had 99% similarity with S.parvulus. all isolate were deposited at NCBI with GenBank accession number LC499602.1, LC499603.1, LC499606.1, LC499607.1, LC499604.1, LC499605.1. The isolate of S. griseorubens showed high efficacy in reducing disease. Which was 10.1% compared with 49.5% in control treatment on cowpea. 22.0% in mung bean compared to 43.4% in control treatment. In the field experiment, the results showed that soil treated with Actinomycetes isolates led to an increase in the percentage of seed germination and reduced the percentage of fungus infection. S. griseorubens reduced the percentage of infection to 11.54% compared to 32.33% in control treatment.

scholarly journals ​Antagonistic Activity of Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. against Wilt Complex causing Pathogens of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Parmar ◽  
N.M. Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens is the major yield-reducing malady worldwide. Biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable method for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Methods: In this present investigation Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated by following poisoned food technique and dual culture technique against wilt complex causing pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Result: Among the different isolates of Trichoderma spp. evaluated, Trichoderma viride (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (52.78%) and F. solani (65.37%) whereas, Trichoderma asperellum (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to M. phaseolina (65.93%). Panchagavya at the highest concentration (50%) showed significantly higher efficacy (80.74, 66.62 and 49.67%) in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all three pathogens and at the lowest concentration it was moderately effective.

scholarly journals The activity of some Actinomycetes isolates in control of cucumber damping off disease caused by Rhizoctiona solani and Pythium sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Lina K. Awad ◽  
Mohammed A. Fayyadh
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Accession Number

A 28 Actinomycetes isolates which collected from different environmental sources in Basra province were described as Gram positive and are characterized by producing branching hyphae. Two isolates were identified by molecular analysis of 16 S r RNA gene. Molecular identification confirmed that two isolates of Actinomycetes from soil had a similarity of 99% with Streptomyces griseus. The sequence has been deposited at NCBI with Gen bank accession number (NBRC 14886, AB 184627. 1). While the isolates of date palm roots was analogous to Brevibacterium celere and the sequence of this strain deposited at NCBI with Gen bank accession number (DQ164,K414744601). The dual culture technique showed that Actinomyces isolates 44 had high antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani as inhibition zone reached 1.7 cm, in contrast to Actinomyces 24 and S. griseus which revealed a high antagonistic activity against Pythium sp. with inhibition zone reached 1.2 cm for both isolates. Pots experiment showed all Actinomyces isolates were significantly reduced cucumber seedling damping off caused by R. solani and Pythium sp. the disease incidence for R. solani damping off were reduced to 1.0% in actinomycetes 44, Actinomycetes 24 and B. celere treatment compared to 11.37 % in control treatment. Disease incidence at Pythium sp. damping off was reduced to 1.0% in Actinomycetes isolates compared with that in control treatment (4.33%). According to this study there is possibility for isolating Actinomycetes isolates which isolated from different environments sources have the ability for reducing cucumber damping off disease caused by R. solani and Pythium sp.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Alyssa Swehla ◽  
Abhay K. Pandey ◽  
Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fallow System

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.

scholarly journals Identification of new Trichoderma strains with antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bogumił ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Anna Lisek ◽  
Paweł Trzciński ◽  
Anton Harbuzov
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT The antagonistic activity of 52 isolates of Trichoderma spp. against Botrytis cinerea was tested in in vitro conditions using the dual culture technique. The results revealed that all of the Trichoderma isolates had the ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of grey mould. The percentage reduction in the growth of Botrytis cinerea after six days of incubation at 25ºC varied between 45-78%. The isolates Tr43 and Tr52 showed the highest antagonistic activity (Tr43 - 76%; Tr52 - 78%). Biochemical and molecular identification indicated that both isolates were T. atroviride. The isolates showed differences in the utilisation of 11 to 96 different carbon sources. Additional biochemical tests revealed the ability of Tr43 and Tr52 to produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid and chitinases. Neither of the isolates gave positive results regarding phosphate solubilisation on Pikovskaya’s medium.

scholarly journals Isolation and evaluation of biocontrol agents in controlling anthracnose disease of mango in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattawut Rungjindamai
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Epiphytic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals

Abstract The agricultural based economy is a core business in Thailand and food export is one of the main sources of income for the Thai population. However, pesticides are overused and misused. As a result there is an urgent need to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals. Biological control offers an alternative to the use of pesticides. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is widely planted in Thailand and is one of the major cash crops for international export. However, mango suffers from various diseases especially anthracnose, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. One hundred and twelve isolates of epiphytic microbes were isolated from healthy leaves and fruits of mangoes; this included 93 and 19 isolates of epiphytic bacteria and yeasts, respectively. They were screened for bioactivity against a pathogenic strain of C. gloeosporioides isolated from diseased mangoes using a dual culture technique. Out of 112 isolates, eight isolates exhibited at least 60% inhibition. These isolates were further screened for their inhibition on mango using fruit inoculation. Two isolates reduced the lesion sizes caused by C. gloeosporioides compared to control treatment. These two isolates, based on phenotypical and biochemical tests, were identified as Bacillus sp. MB61 and Bacillus sp. LB72.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Growth Parameters and Yield Components in Eggplant using Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium Wilt Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montaser F. Abdel-Monaim ◽  
Mohsen A. Abdel-Gaid ◽  
Sahar A. Zayan ◽  
Dalia M.T. Nassef
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Progress Curve

Eggplant is one of the important economic vegetable crop which is attacked by several serious diseases such as wilt. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was isolated from a naturally occurring epidemic of wilt in eggplant plants grown in New Valley governorate. In this study, the antagonistic activity of five Trichoderma species (Trichoderma spirale, T. hamatum, T. polysoprium, T. harzianum and T. viride) against F. oxysporium f. sp. melongenae was evaluated using dual culture technique. T. viride (isolate TVM-5) and T. hamatum (isolate THM-2) showed the highest antagonistic activity, while T. spirale (TSM-1) was the lowest one. In pot experiment, the obtained data showed that all Trichoderma species reduced significantly area under wilt progress curve caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Trichoderma viride and T. hamatum recorded the highest reduction of area under wilt progress curve (AUWPC) (244.0 and 325.33 AUWPC as compared to 1125.33 in control treatment, respectively).  Under field conditions results showed that, these treatments significantly reduced AUWPC and increased all tested plant growth parameters (Plant height, No. of branches plant-1) and fruit yield components (number of fruits plant-1, fruits yield plant-1, fruit weight, No of fruit Kg-1, fruit length, fruit diameters and fruits yield fed.-1) compared with control during growing seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). Trichoderma viride and T. hamatum were the best biocontrol agents as manifested by the significant reduction in both disease severity and increase plant growth parameters and fruit yield components.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL BIO-INOCULANTS AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutha Raja Kumar ◽  
R., Arulselvi A ◽  
Rex Immanuel R ◽  
Jaiganesh V ◽  
Thamarai Selvi M.
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents against stem rot of groundnut. The result of the dual culture technique indicated that Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii. Among the isolate T. viride (Tv1 ) produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth. This was followed by the isolates T. harziaum and T. virens which restricted the mycelial growth when compared to control. Among the isolates T. viride (Tv1 ) at a conc. of 10, 20, 30 and 40 per cent conc. showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelia growth recording 22.15, 15.27, 8.75 and 0.00 mm respectively. The next best in antagonist was T. harzianum. Among the Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates, PfI3 produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth accounting for 74.97 per cent reduction over control. Also, a general increase in the conc. of the Antagonistic culture filtrate showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the test pathogen.

Screening of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from rhizosphere of pea plant as plant growth promoter and biocontrol agent

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Rashmi Nigam ◽  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
Joginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are found in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane which can improve plant growth. Pseudomonas spp. is one of the most promising groups of PGPR which can control plant pathogenic microbes in the soil. In this study, an attempt was made to isolate Pseudomonas spp., a potent PGPR in the rhizosphere. Through appropriate microbiological and biochemical methods, the study demonstrated the presence of fluorescent and nonfluorescent Pseudomonads in the rhizosphere of pea. 12 different strains of Pseudomonas were isolated from pea rhizosphere and identified by biochemical tests. Out of these strains five were screened against wilt and root rot pathogens of pea. Antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas isolates were evaluated against wilt and root rots pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum through dual culture technique. The study exhibited that all Pseudomonas strains significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum as compared to control. Among all the Pseudomonas isolates Ps5 showed maximum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Augmentation of such PGPR will ensure a healthy micro climate for pea.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Some Aquatic Hyphomycetes against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sati ◽  
P. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tilletia Indica

The antagonistic activity of five aquatic hyphomycetes, viz.,Heliscus lugdunensis,Tetrachaetum elegans,Tetracladium breve,T. marchalianum, andT. nainitalense, against seven plant pathogenic fungi was studied using a dual culture technique. Inhibitory activity of tested aquatic hyphomycetes was determined by measuring the radial growth of plant pathogenic fungi on dual culture plates.Tetrachaetum elegansshowed antagonistic activity againstColletotrichum falcatum,Fusarium oxysporum,Pyricularia oryzae,Sclerotium sclerotiorum, andTilletia indicaHeliscus lugdunensisshowed antagonism against only two plant pathogenic fungi,Rhizoctonia solaniandColletotrichum falcatum.Tetracladium breve,T. marchalianum, andT. nainitalenseshowed no response towards tested plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Mass screening of Trichoderma spp. for their antagonism against some plant pathogenic oomycetes fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817
Author(s):  
Erayya SL ◽  
Nandani Shukla ◽  
Kahkashan Arzoo ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Potato Research ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Th 1

In vitro efficacy of twenty five Trichoderma isolates (twenty were TCMS series viz., TCMS 2, 4, 5, 12, 14a, 14b, 15, 16, 24, 32, 34, 36, 43, 60, 62, 64, 65, 72, 85 and 93, and five Th series; Th 1, 3, 14, 19 and 32) were ascertained for their antagonistic activity against few major plant pathogenic oomycetes namely, Phytophthora infestans, P. parasitica and Pythium aphenidermatum using dual culture technique. P. infestans was isolated from infected potato leaves and Pythium aphenidermatum from infected brinjal. P. parasitica culture was collected from Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Simla. The present study was conducted at Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. All the 25 Trichodrma isolates were found significantly effective against the test pathogens. TCMS-36 and TCMS-72 were found highly effective against P. aphinidermatum with 59.57 per cent inhibition of radial growth of the fungus. Maximum reduction in mycelial growth of P. infestans was recorded with isolate TCMS-64 (60.40%) followed by TCMS-65 (59.41%), TCMS-34 (58.42%), TCMS-24, TCMS-43 and TCMS-93 with 57.43 per cent inhibition. While, maximum inhibition of P. parasitica was recorded with TCMS-4 (92.75%) followed by TCMS-36 (92.23%), TCMS-2 (91.71%), TCMS-14a (91.17%) and TCMS-32 (90.67%). The selected potential isolates may be applied to sustainable and eco-friendly management of many major crop diseases caused by the oomycetes and other fungi.

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