scholarly journals Antagonism of Some Aquatic Hyphomycetes against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sati ◽  
P. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tilletia Indica

The antagonistic activity of five aquatic hyphomycetes, viz.,Heliscus lugdunensis,Tetrachaetum elegans,Tetracladium breve,T. marchalianum, andT. nainitalense, against seven plant pathogenic fungi was studied using a dual culture technique. Inhibitory activity of tested aquatic hyphomycetes was determined by measuring the radial growth of plant pathogenic fungi on dual culture plates.Tetrachaetum elegansshowed antagonistic activity againstColletotrichum falcatum,Fusarium oxysporum,Pyricularia oryzae,Sclerotium sclerotiorum, andTilletia indicaHeliscus lugdunensisshowed antagonism against only two plant pathogenic fungi,Rhizoctonia solaniandColletotrichum falcatum.Tetracladium breve,T. marchalianum, andT. nainitalenseshowed no response towards tested plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Influence of chitinase production on the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma against plant-pathogenic fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1501-1510
Author(s):  
Y.S. Mazrou ◽  
◽  
A.H. Makhlouf ◽  
M.M. Hassan ◽  
A. Baazeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Strain ◽  
Chitinase Production

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains with high chitinase production against some plant pathogenic fungi. Methodology: A total of twenty-four Trichoderma isolates were extracted from soil samples collected at different geographical locations in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. These isolates were screened for their chitinase production ability using colloidal chitin media. Six isolates with high chitinase ability were identified as T. harzianum by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. These strains were tested for their ability to degrade chitin into N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Finally, the biocontrol activities of these Trichoderma strains against pathogenic fungi were tested by dual culture technique. Results: The maximum activity among the chitinolytic enzymes was 0.051 units ml-1 in Trichoderma strain ABSA19, which showed an activity comparable to the control: pure enzyme, (0.047 units ml-1). The lowest activity (0.014 units ml-1) was found in Trichoderma strain MEG2. In dual culture, Trichoderma strain ABSA19 exerted the highest antagonistic activity in addition to hyphal intertwining and degradation using scanning electron microscopy. Finally, 11 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were used to evaluate the genetic polymorphism among Trichoderma strains, which yielded 133 bands with fragment sizes of 130-3400 bp, 47 (35.3%) of which were polymorphic. Interpretation: The current study confirms the existence of several useful Trichoderma strains with the highest chitinase activity and antagonistic activity against some pathogenic plant fungi that may have a super potential for application in biological control of plant diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinar David Granada García ◽  
Antoni Rueda Lorza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Extracellular Metabolites

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Kumaun Himalayan Biota orientalis Endl. leaves extracts against pathogenic fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Savita Joshi ◽  
S. C. Sati ◽  
Parikshit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Biota Orientalis

An increasing demand for natural plant products has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antifungal agents. This study was   carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of Biota orientalis Endl. leaves, a Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermic plant. The antifungal potential of all extracts of B. orientalis were tested against seven different fungal strains (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Tilletia indica) using agar-well diffusion method. The ethanol extract was found most active against all the pathogens tested (Percent inhibition, 27-59%) followed by hexane extract (Percent inhibition, 31-58%) and methanol extract (27-57%) while     chloroform and aqueous extracts were found totally inactive against all the tested fungal strains, only chloroform extract showed       inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii (% inhibition, 58%). The inhibitory activity of these extracts was found very effective as compared to Clotrimazol, standard antifungal agent that was used as positive control against tested fungal strains.

scholarly journals ​Antagonistic Activity of Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. against Wilt Complex causing Pathogens of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Parmar ◽  
N.M. Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens is the major yield-reducing malady worldwide. Biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable method for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Methods: In this present investigation Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated by following poisoned food technique and dual culture technique against wilt complex causing pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Result: Among the different isolates of Trichoderma spp. evaluated, Trichoderma viride (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (52.78%) and F. solani (65.37%) whereas, Trichoderma asperellum (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to M. phaseolina (65.93%). Panchagavya at the highest concentration (50%) showed significantly higher efficacy (80.74, 66.62 and 49.67%) in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all three pathogens and at the lowest concentration it was moderately effective.

scholarly journals Weed-Associated Fungal Endophytes as Biocontrol Agents of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 in Cavendish Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Dennice G. Catambacan ◽  
Christian Joseph R. Cumagun
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Dual Culture Assay

The antagonistic activity of fungal endophytes isolated from weeds growing in Cavendish banana farms was determined against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 (Foc TR4) causing Fusarium wilt of Cavendish banana. Forty-nine out of the total 357 fungal endophytes from the roots of weeds exhibited antagonistic activity against Foc TR4. High inhibitory activity at 79.61–99.31% based on dual culture assay was recorded in endophytes Lasiodiplodia theobromae TDC029, Trichoderma asperellum TDC075, Ceratobasidium sp. TDC037, Ceratobasidium sp. TDC241, and Ceratobasidium sp. TDC474. All five endophytes were identified through DNA sequencing with 86–100% identity. Endophyte-treated Grand Naine and GCTCV 218 plantlets showed significantly lower disease incidence (p = 0.014), significantly lower degree of leaf yellowing (p = 0.037) and rhizome discoloration (p = 0.003). In addition, the cultivar Grand Naine was consistently highly susceptible compared with the tolerant cultivar GCTCV 218.

In-vitro bioefficacy of fungal antagonists against root rot of Pea caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Safdar Kaiser Hasmi ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Petri Plate

In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.

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