scholarly journals Feasibility Study of 3D Printed Materials for an Ammonia Emission Passive Sampler

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Sabrina Jaeman ◽  
Khairudin Nurulhuda ◽  
Adibah Mohd Amin ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman ◽  
Hasfalina Che Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Ammonia (NH3) emission accounts for a loss of 10 to 60% of the total nitrogen input in rice fields. NH3 in the air reacts with sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to form ammonium salt, which increases the concentration of PM2.5 particles in the atmosphere. These fine particles can cause respiratory problems. A reliable NH3 sampler is important in order to quantify the NH3 emission. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of three 3D printed materials, namely acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) compared to stainless steel and glass, as the interior material of an NH3 passive sampler for use with the chemical-trap approach; Stainless steel and glass are typically used for construction of the NH3 passive sampler. The sample plates were coated with acetone with 3% oxalic acid and tested in closed static chambers with three different NH3 sources. ABS, PP and PLA tolerated the acetone solution with PP being the least reactive. However, PP heavily warped during 3D-printing resulting in a deformed shape. Performance of coated ABS plates in trapping NH3 is similar to stainless steel and glass plates.

scholarly journals The Mechanical and Physical Properties of 3D-Printed Materials Composed of ABS-ZnO Nanocomposites and ABS-ZnO Microcomposites

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Athena Maniadi ◽  
Emmanuel Koudoumas ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
International Standards ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Industrial Implementation ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In order to expand the mechanical and physical capabilities of 3D-printed structures fabricated via commercially available 3D printers, nanocomposite and microcomposite filaments were produced via melt extrusion, 3D-printed and evaluated. The scope of this work is to fabricate physically and mechanically improved nanocomposites or microcomposites for direct commercial or industrial implementation while enriching the existing literature with the methodology applied. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO nano) and Zinc Oxide micro-sized particles (ZnO micro) were dispersed, in various concentrations, in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) matrices and printable filament of ~1.75mm was extruded. The composite filaments were employed in a commercial 3D printer for tensile and flexion specimens’ production, according to international standards. Results showed a 14% increase in the tensile strength at 5% wt. concentration in both nanocomposite and microcomposite materials, when compared to pure ABS specimens. Furthermore, a 15.3% increase in the flexural strength was found in 0.5% wt. for ABS/ZnO nano, while an increase of 17% was found on 5% wt. ABS/ZnO micro. Comparing the two composites, it was found that the ABS/ZnO microcomposite structures had higher overall mechanical strength over ABS/ZnO nanostructures.

scholarly journals Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Verma ◽  
Jabir Ubaid ◽  
Andreas Schiffer ◽  
Atul Jain ◽  
Emilio Martínez-Pañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Does vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization affect the geometrical properties of anatomic models and guides 3D printed from computed tomography images?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Toro ◽  
Aura Cardona ◽  
Daniel Restrepo ◽  
Laura Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Dimensional Error ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Anatomic Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Background Material extrusion is used to 3D print anatomic models and guides. Sterilization is required if a 3D printed part touches the patient during an intervention. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) is one method of sterilization. There are four factors to consider when sterilizing an anatomic model or guide: sterility, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and geometric fidelity. This project focuses on geometric fidelity for material extrusion of one polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using VHP. Methods De-identified computed tomography (CT) image data from 16 patients was segmented using Mimics Innovation Suite (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). Eight patients had maxillary and mandibular defects depicted with the anatomic models, and eight had mandibular defects for the anatomic guides. Anatomic models and guides designed from the surfaces of CT scan reconstruction and segementation were 3D printed in medical-grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material extrusion. The 16 parts underwent low-temperature sterilization with VHP. The dimensional error was estimated after sterilization by comparing scanned images of the 3D printed parts. Results The average of the estimated mean differences between the printed pieces before and after sterilization were − 0,011 ± 0,252 mm (95%CI − 0,011; − 0,010) for the models and 0,003 ± 0,057 mm (95%CI 0,002; 0,003) for the guides. Regarding the dimensional error of the sterilized parts compared to the original design, the estimated mean differences were − 0,082 ± 0,626 mm (95%CI − 0,083; − 0,081) for the models and 0,126 ± 0,205 mm (95%CI 0,126, 0,127) for the guides. Conclusion This project tested and verified dimensional stability, one of the four prerequisites for introducing vaporized hydrogen peroxide into 3D printing of anatomic models and guides; the 3D printed parts maintained dimensional stability after sterilization.

Characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene for 3D Printed Patch Antenna

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norun Abdul Malek ◽  
Athirah Mohd Ramly ◽  
Atiah Sidek ◽  
Sarah Yasmin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Conformal Antennas ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

<p>3D printing is one of the additive manufacturing technology that has gain popularity for time saving and complex design. This technology increases a degree of flexibility for potential 3D RF applications such as wearable and conformal antennas. This paper demonstrates a circular patch antenna fabricated on 3D printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament. The main reason of using a 3D printer is that it is accurate, easy to fabricate of a complex geometry and the ability to create new antennas that cannot be made using conventional fabrication techniques. The ABS material has a tangent loss of 0.0051 and the relative permittivity is 2.74. The thickness of the substrate is 1.25 mm. The simulation has been performed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The return loss from simulation software is in good match with measurement which is 12.5dB at 2.44GHz. Hence, from the results obtained, the ABS could be used as a substrate for an antenna.</p>

scholarly journals Optimization of Laser Lap Joining between Stainless Steel 304 and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Syamilah Noh ◽  
Harizam Mohd Zin ◽  
Khalid Alnasser ◽  
Nukman Yusoff ◽  
Farazila Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Butadiene Styrene
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